Articles

About Authors: 
Bane Singh Rajput^*
Research Scholar of Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology
Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur (Raj.)
*bnsingh29@gmail.com

Abstract
Drug product recall is an action taken to withdraw or remove a batch or an entire production run of a drug product from distribution or use and return them to the manufacturer. It is usually done due to the discovery of deficiencies in quality, efficacy or safety in the marketed drug products. Defective drug products related to quality includes adulterated or spurious drugs. Safety and efficacy related recalls include serious adverse reactions and death. Recalls also include drugs prohibited under the law and also those products for which product licenses are suspended/ cancelled. In USA, guidelines for drug product recall are described under 21 CFR Parts 7, 107 and 1270.  In Australia, guidelines for drug product recall are described under section 65F of the Trade Practices Act 1974. Sections 2(2), 4, 5 and 7 of the European Communities Act 1972 and Directive 2001/95/EC on general product safety are followed in UK for drug product recall. In India, references for drug product recalls, complaint and adverse reactions are mentioned in Para 27, 28 of Schedule M and conditions of license for defective product recall in Rule 74(j) and Rule 78(i) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules there under. But no effective and uniform recall procedure and guidelines are formulated yet in India. This paper presents a comparative study of drug product recall guidelines in USA, UK and Australia. Based on this comparative study suggestions are provided to develop regulatory guidelines for drug product recall in India.

About Authors
Deepak Kumar Shukla^*, Nazia Shahid, Vikas Kumar Alaria
Rajasthan Pharmacy College, Bhankrota, Jaipur (Raj.)
^*deepakshukla.pharma@gmail.com

Abstract
Over the past several years spectroscopy has become the preeminent technique for determining the structure of organic compounds. The study of recoilless nuclear resonant absorption or fluorescence is more commonly known as Mossbauer spectroscopy. From its first origins in 1957, it has grown rapidly to become one of the most important research methods in solid-state physics and chemistry. Mossbauer spectroscopy uses the nuclear properties to get information regarding the environment surrounding the nucleus. This technique is now valid application in diverse fields, such as solid state physics, metallurgy, chemistry and biochemistry. For example, it is possible to use this method for estimating the iron or tin content in ores, alloys and wasters in a non-destructive manner to concentration down to 0.03 percent in a short time of  the order of 10 minutes. The technique can also detect the relative percentage of  different charged states of the same atom, for example fe2+ and Fe3+ present in the material. This is somewhat difficult to get from any other technique.

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About Authors:
Divya Rawat, U.K.Singh, Faizi Muzaffar
Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy,
swami Vivekanand subharti university, Subhartipuram,
N.H-58, Meerut By Pass Road, Meerut, Uttar Pardesh-250001, India
*drawat05@gmail.com

Abstract
Microspheres constitute an important part of novel drug delivery system by virtue of their small size and efficient carrier capacity. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers having a particle size ranging from 1-1000 μm. The range of Techniques for the preparation of microspheres offers a Variety of opportunities to control aspects of drug administration and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs also known as micro particles. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest. Microspheres received much attention not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs. The purpose of the review is to compile various types of microspheres, different methods to preparation, its applications and also various parameters to evaluate their efficiency.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
G.Venkateswarlu*, M.Muthukumaran, B.krishnamoorthy, Ameren nishat
Montessori Siva Sivani Institute of Science & Technology College of Pharmacy-Mylavaram,
Vijayawada, Andhra pradesh-521230
*venkateswarlu460@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The goal of this review is to provide a guide for understanding current MS technology. Mass spectrometry (MS) has progressed to become a powerful analytical tool for both quantitative and qualitative applications. Proteomics research, in particular, increasingly depends on MS technologies. Basically, any information gathered from a mass spectrometer comes from the analysis of gas-phase ions. There are three main components of a mass spectrometer: an ionization source, a mass analyzer and a detector the name ‘mass spectrometry’ is a misnomer of sorts. The mass is not what is measured; instead, mass spectrometry determines the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio or a property related to m/z .A mass spectrum is a plot of ion abundance versus m/z, although in many cases the x-axis is labelled ‘mass’ rather than m/z. The spectrum is presented in terms of Daltons (Da) per unit charge The ability of mass spectrometry analyzing proteins and other biological extracts is due to the advances gained through the development of soft ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) that can transform biomolecules into ions. Regardless of the ionization source, the sensitivity of a mass spectrometer is related to the mass analyzer where ion separation occurs.