Articles

IN SILICO PHARMACOKINETICS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF LEAD COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM DIOSPYROS MESPILIFORMIS

ABOUT AUTHORS
Aliyu Hamidu Ahmed1, Yusuf Ibrahim Alkali2
1Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto- Nigeria
2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto- Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile along with efficacy are the major determinants for successful drug development. This study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetic profile, potential biological activities and toxicity of diospyrin, lupeol and plumbagin using in silico approaches. The Swiss ADME tool was used to calculate the molecular properties of the ligands based on Lipinski’s rule of five (5).All ligands in the present study satisfied the rule. Using the Swiss ADME tool, the pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds was evaluated. Protox-II server was used to predict the organ toxicities and toxicological end points of the ligands and their LD50. Plumbagin is found to have both mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Lupeol and diospyrin are reported to be immunotoxic. Lupeol has LD50 of 2000mg/kg. Diospyrin and plumbagin have 16mg/kg. Swiss target prediction server was used to identify the various potential target. The target prediction suggests that plumbagin and lupeol have high preference for Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). The best target for diospyrin was Aurora kinase A. Molecular docking study was conducted using AutoDock vina in The Python Prescription (PyRx) 0.8 virtual screening tool.  Plumbagin and lupeol were docked against Microtubule associated protein tau. The dockings scores based on binding energy were; plumbagin -33.8 (kcal/mole) and lupeol -44.7 (kcal/mole). Diospyrin showed a binding energy of -10.7 (kcal/mole) against Aurora A kinase. Results in this study suggest that diospyrin may serve as an important aurora kinase inhibitor while lupeol and plumbagin may be useful in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

CASE ON PITUITARY MACROADENOMA

ABOUT AUTHORS
Asha K Rajan, Vedha pal Jeyamani.S*, Kaviya U, Merlin Joan , Lavanya. R
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Jaya College of Paramedical Sciences,
College of Pharmacy, Thiruninravur,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

ABSTRACT: 
Pituitary adenomas are slowly progressive and usually benign type of tumors which may induce a poor quality of life of patients due to progressive loss of vision over time by compression of optic nerves, cavernous sinus, optic chiasm. Its therapy generally involves differential diagnosis with an MRI of Brain and surgical option with radiation therapy. Here with we present a case of 48 year old women who had undergone microscopic transnasal transphenorbital excision of tumor two years ago of pituitary macroadenoma. She was not on any chemotherapy which led to a recurrence of her tumor. Presently her MRI scan and histopathologic reports confirms the diagnosis of Pituitary macroadenoma which was effectively treated surgically and put up on Dihydroartemisnin, a derivative of Artemether which has similar cytotoxic properties as that of artemether.

A REVIEW “THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) DRUG PRINTING : A REVOLUTION IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE”

ABOUT AUTHORS
Ubaid Tariq1, MohdMazhar*2
Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University,
M.B. Road, Saket , New Delhi, 110017, India

ABSTRACT:
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a manufacturing method in which objects are made by fusing or depositing materials in successive layers laid down under computer control. These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and are produced from a 3D model as defined in a computer-aided design (CAD). Since the inception of 3D printing in 1984 it has evolved immensely and has been used in many fields including medicine, architecture and more recently in pharmaceutical manufacturing. From lab grown organs to drug delivery devices, 3D printing is advancing rapidly and in future course of time it is going to transform and change the way we live and work.

3D printing in pharmaceuticals has been used to produce many novel dosage forms like microcapsules, Complex Drug-Release Profiles, nano-suspensions, and multilayered drug delivery devices. From industrial point of view it also offers important advantages like, cost-effectiveness, increased productivity, democratization of design and manufacturing, and enhanced collaboration.Keeping in view the recent approval given by USFDA to the first 3D printed antiepileptic drug the focus has now shifted to the personalized medicine as it offers an important benefit to patients who need medications that have narrow therapeutic indices or a higher predilection to be influenced by genetic polymorphisms. 3D printer is now seen as a valuable, efficient and economical tool to manufacture individualized medications, tailored to specific patients based on their needs and thereby change the future of pharmacy practice in general and pharmaceutical care in particular.

PHARMACO-ECONOMICS: THE COST OF HEALTH

ABOUT AUTHOR
AK MOHIUDDIN
Faculty of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Pharmacoeconomics has been characterized as the depiction and examination of the cost of medication treatment to healthcare frameworks and society. All the more explicitly, pharmacoeconomic look into is the way toward recognizing, estimating, and contrasting the costs, dangers, and advantages of programs, services, or treatments and figuring out which elective delivers the best wellbeing result for the asset contributed. This data can help clinical chiefs in picking the most cost-effective treatment alternatives. Pharmacoeconomics is a division of results examine that can be utilized to measure the estimation of pharmaceutical care items and services. Pharmaceutical care has been characterized as the mindful arrangement of medication treatment for the reasons for accomplishing unequivocal results.

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Materials and Methods:
Research conducted a year-round comprehensive literature search, which included technical newsletters, newspapers journals, and many other sources. The present study was started from the beginning of 2018. PubMed, ALTAVISTA, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of was thoroughly searched. The keywords were used to search for different publishers’ journals like Elsevier, Springer, Willey Online Library, Wolters Kluwer were extensively followed. Medicine and technical experts, pharma company representatives, hospital nurses and chemists were given their valuable suggestions. Projections were based on estimates of drug and therapy related cost, cost of being ill and hospitalization and cost of well-being. Pharmacists role in allied areas of cost calculation and minimizing through ADR management, prevent disease and hospitalization and drug selection were given the highest priority.

VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DROTAVERIN.HCL & ACECLOFENAC IN BULK AND FORMULATION

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ABOUT AUTHORS
A. PADMA1*, D. GIRIJA2, A. THIRUPATHIREDDY3, B. VENKATESWARAREDDY4
1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M), Prakasam (Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M), Prakasam (Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M),Prakasam(Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India
4Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M), Prakasam(Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
The present research work deals with the development  and validation of  stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac and Drotaverin.HCl in bulk and formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on ODS HG-5 RP   C18(250 X 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using the mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and1% triethylamine (TEA) in the ratio of 90:10 pH  2.16 adjusted with Ortho phosphoric acid. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection was observed  at 224 nm. The retention time was found to be 3.57 min for Aceclofenac and 6.15 min for Drotaverin.HCl. The linearity concentrations are obtained from in the range of 30-70 µg/ml for Aceclofenac and 24-56 µg/ml for Drotaverin.HCl respectively with correlation coefficient was 0.999 and 0.998. The proposed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and reproducible and developed method can be suggest to routine quality control analysis for simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac and Drotaverin.HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

CUCURBITACINS A VIBRANT TRITERPENOID: A REVIEW ON ITS ANTICANCER PROPERTY

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Mir Sahidul Ali*1, Souvik Mukherjee2, Subhajit Makar2, Gargi Pal3
*1Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
2Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences & Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences,
Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, India.

ABSTRACT:
Cucurbitacins which are structurally unlike triterpenes found in the members of Cucurbitaceae and several other plant families possess immense pharmacological activity. This diverse group of compounds may substantiate to be important lead molecules for the treatment of cancer. Research focused on these unattended medicinal compound can prove the significance and explore the hidden potential to cure various diseases. These compounds shows their proposed mode of action, probable molecular targets and have future aspects of their use as a medicinal agent. This review is aimed to provide the chemical nature and medicinal property of cucurbitacins.

STUDY OF POST COMPRESSION PARAMETERS OF VARIOUS MARKETED PARACETAMOL TABLETS IN INDIA

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Rakshita A.S, Shashank Nayak N, Shwetha S Kamath K
Bapuji Pharmacy College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
Paracetamol belongs to the class of antipyretic and analgesic. Various brands of some dosage forms are available in the market with a common claim that they are all bioequivalent. The main objective of the present experiment was to evaluate post compression parameters of various brands of paracetamol tablets containing 650 mg of drug and to determine whether all the formulations used were equivalent or significantly different. Paracetamol of 650 mg standard tablets from different manufacturers were selected in the studies. The post compression parameters like weight variation, friability, hardness, weight variation, disintegration, dissolution profiles were found to be varying but within the prescribed limit.

FRAMEWORK FOR PATIENT SAFETY

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ABOUT AUTHOR
AK MOHIUDDIN
Faculty of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Medication errors are basic all in all training and in healing facilities. The two errors in the demonstration of writing (prescription/administering/administration errors) and endorsing deficiencies because of imperfect medicinal choices can result in mischief to patients. Any progression in the endorsing procedure can ignite errors. Slips, passes, or missteps are wellsprings of errors, as in unintended oversights in the account of medications. Blames in portion determination, discarded transcription, and poor handwriting are normal. Lacking mindfulness or ability and deficient data about clinical qualities and past treatment of individual patients can bring about endorsing issues, including the utilization of possibly mistaken medications. A perilous workplace, intricate or indistinct techniques, and deficient correspondence among human services staff, especially among specialists and medical attendants, have been distinguished as huge basic factors that add to prescription errors and endorsing issues. Dynamic intercessions went for diminishing prescription and endorsing issues are emphatically prescribed. This ought to be committed on the instruction and preparing of prescribers and the utilization of on-line helps. The unpredictability of the endorsing methodology ought to be decreased by presenting mechanized frameworks or uniform recommending diagrams, so as to abstain from account and exclusion errors. Input control frameworks and quick audit of prescriptions, which can be performed with the help of a healing center drug specialist, are additionally useful. Reviews ought to be performed occasionally.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MURRAYA KOENIGII

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Patil N.B.*, Patil K.B., Wagh M.N., Patil A.A,
Department of Pharmacy, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy,
Dondaicha, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
The methanol extract of murraya koenigii (leaf) were investigated for their antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus using cup plate agar diffusion method and methanol extract produces best results. various investigation like physiochemical standard ,preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out and parameter were reported. The present paper deals with investigation of various phytochemical present in methanol extract and in vitro antibacterial activity against the s.aureus .the literature survey does not exist anti bacerial activity of murraya koenigii (leaf) in methanol extract against s.aureus.it is concluded that the plant studied may source of antibacterial plant.

SHORT COMMUNICATION ON - GENERIC VERSUS BRANDED DRUGS

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ABOUT AUTHOR
Patil Swapnil Shankar
Vasantidevi Patil Institute Of Pharmacy
Kodoli, Panhala, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT 
Our paper is focuses on how the generic drugs are beneficial to human use and what are the drawbacks of branded drug. Now government of India is giving permission to sell the generic drug in the market with prescription of physician. Or any pharmacist can open the generic medical drug store. Day by day the patients are aware about benefits and use of generic drugs. It is important that we consult our doctors before deciding if a generic is right for us. Many prescriptions medicines are available to treat depression and bipolar disorder the pharmacist might ask if you want your prescription filled with the brand name medicine or the generic medicine. Each option has prose and cons to consider. This brochure gives you the information you need to help you decide what's right for you in your treatment and recovery plan. The present article giving the information regarding generic drugs versus branded drugs.

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