Rajasthan

About Authors:
Roopesh Sachan*¹, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya¹, Patel Chirag J*³,Patel Pinkesh³, Rishikesh Gupta^4
1*Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
⁴Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India-284128.
*roopeshsachan@gmail.com, +91-9557469989, 9236167104

ABSTRACT:
Nanoparticle drug-delivery systems are the popular ones as are able to increase the selectivity and stability of therapeutic agents. However reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, drug leakage, immunogenicity, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity, hydrophobicity restrict the use of these nanostructures. These shortcomings are overcome by surface engineering the dendrimer such as Polyester dendrimer, Citric acid dendrimer, Arginine dendrimer, Glycodendrimers, PEGylated dendrimers, etc.The field of Dendrimers has recently emerged as the most commercially viable technology of this century because of its wide-ranging potential applications in many fields such as: healthcare, electronics, photonics, biotechnology, engineering products, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, catalysis, electronic devices, environmental issues and nanotechnologies. Dendrimer as a drug delivery agent is a promising, safe and selective drug delivery option.

About Authors:
Gaurav Singh^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Chirag J³, Patel Pinkesh³, Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya^1
1*Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*gaurav.hipr@gmail.com, +91-8057832184/9236167104

ABSTRACT:
Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the body can manufacture it from other nutrients. Within the body, citrulline is converted to the amino acid L-arginine i.e. citrulline acts as a precursor of amino acid arginine.  Some of the proposed uses of citrulline supplements are based on raising levels of arginine. Citrulline also plays a role in a physiological process called “the urea cycle,” in which toxic ammonia is converted to urea. Citrulline boosts our energy levels by lowering blood lactate concentration. It also enhances the process of elimination of ammonia. Although citrulline is not coded for by DNA directly, several proteins are known to contain citrulline as a result of a posttranslational modification.

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About Authors:
Lila dhar^*1,Surender Jalandra
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*ldbudania@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a powerful tool for investigating paramagnetic species, including organic radicals, inorganic radicals, and triplet states. The basic principles behind EPR are very similar to the more ubiquitous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), except that EPR focuses on the interaction of an external magnetic field with the unpaired electron(s) in a molecule, rather than the nuclei of individual atoms. EPR has been used to investigate kinetics, mechanisms, and structures of paramagnetic species and along with general chemistry and physics, has applications in biochemistry, polymer science, and geosciences. The use of cavity stabilised Impatt diode oscillators for ESR spectroscopy is discussed in different experimental conditions: i.e. as microwave sources in reflection cavity homodyne spectrometers, and as marginal oscillators in which the oscillator cavity (a TE₀₁₁ cylindrical cavity) is the observing cavity. The sensitivity of this second configuration has been theoretically evaluated for the case in which the Impatt itself is used as a detecting element and in which an external detector is used. For each situation the sensitivity has been measured with a DPPH sample at various power levels giving a sensitivity which is comparable with the best commercial units.

About Authors:
Roopesh Sachan^1*, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya¹, Patel Chirag J³, Patel Pinkesh³, Devesh Kaushik^4
1*Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
⁴Territory Business Manager, Diabetes Division, Abbott Healthcare Private Limited, Okhla, New Delhi, India- 110020.
*roopeshsachan@gmail.com, +91-9557469989, 9236167104

ABSTRACT:
In the world of pharmaceuticals, there is a vital role for robotics to play in the complicated processes of research and development, production, and packaging. Justification for robots ranges from improved worker safety to improved quality. Speeding up the drug discovery process is another benefit of robotics. Drug Production Robotics plays an important role in the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs because, unlike other industries, pharmaceuticals demand higher speed and accuracy. Devices such as syringes, inhalers, IV bags and diabetes testing kits are made with the help of robotics. There is a great potential for the use of robotics systems in the pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical companies are gradually injecting more robotic systems into their operations.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Pinkesh Patel¹, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar³, Soniya³, Roopesh Sachan³, Gaurav Singh^3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disease of the brain leading to the irreversible loss of neurons and the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory and reasoning, which become severe enough to impede social or occupational functioning. Alzheimer's disease is also known as simply Alzheimer’s, and Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT). During the course of the disease plaques and tangles develop within the structure of the brain. This causes brain cells to die. Patients with Alzheimer's also have a deficiency in the levels of some vital brain chemicals which are involved with the transmission of messages in the brain - neurotransmitters. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. The disease gets worse as it develops - it is a progressive disease. There is no current cure for Alzheimer's, although there are ways of slowing down its advance and helping patients with some of the symptoms. Alzheimer's is also a terminal disease - it is incurable and causes death. According the National Institute on Aging, there are estimated to be between 2.4 million and 4.5 million Americans who have Alzheimer's. β-Secretase is an aspartic-acid protease important in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells. The transmembrane protein contains two active site aspartate residues in its extra cellular protein domain and may function as a dimer.

Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) also known as beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1), memapsin-2 (membrane-associated aspartic protease 2), and aspartyl protease 2 (ASP2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BACE1 gene.Beta-secretase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BACE2 gene. BACE2 is a close homolog of BACE1, a protease known to be an important enzyme involved in the cellular pathways that some believe lead to Alzheimer's disease. The aim of present article is to provide in depth knowledge about probable role of enzymes BACE1 and BACE2 in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An attempt is also made to focus on general overview of Alzheimer’sdisease.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Aquasomes are spherical in shape with 60–300 nm particles size used for drug and antigen delivery. Aquasomes are nanoparticulate carrier systems but instead of being simple nanoparticles these are three layered self assembled structures, comprised of a solid phase nanocrystalline core coated with oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed with or without modification. These structures are self assembled by non covalent and ionic bonds. The solid core provides the structural stability, while the carbohydrate coating protects against dehydration and stabilizes the biochemically active molecules. Properties like protection and preservation of fragile biological molecules, conformational integrity, and surface exposure made it as a successful carrier system for bioactive molecules like peptide, protein, hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites. Three types of core materials are mainly used for producing aquasomes: tin oxide, nanocrystalline carbon ceramics (diamonds) and brushite (calcium phosphate dihydrate). Calcium phosphate is the core of interest, owing to its natural presence in the body. Aquasome deliver their content through specific targeting and slow sustained release process.

About Authors:
Liladhar*
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
ldbudania@gmail.com*

ABSTRACT:
The objective of the present research was to prepare fast disintegrating tablet of Seletracetam because of its application in epilepsy and convulsion related problem. Fast on set of action and avoidance of abundant of water in oral route. Which is highly desirable in this type of disease condition. The effect of formulation and process variables such as hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution and physical characteristics of fast dissolving tablet were examined on optimized drug/super disintegrant ratio by 32 factorial designs. During the work tablets were prepared by direct compression using Kyron T-314 and sodium starch Glycolate as super disintegrant ,where MCC,Lactose monohydrate for direct compression, aspartame as sweetner.The different powder blends were evaluated for pre-formulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose,carr’s index,hausner’s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as weight variation, Tablet hardness and tablet friability. In vitro Disintegration test, tablet thickness, in vitro dissolution profile. All the physical characteristics of powder blend and fibrillated tablet were within acceptable limits. The result of Dissolution studies indicated that formulation F7 release 98.70% of drug at 25 min interval which give the most successful of study.F7 batch contain Seletracetam (Drug), SSG(4%), kyron T-314(2%) and other excipients.F7 batch was the optimized batch since it showed of Disintegration time(17sec),friability(0.91%) and %Drug release (98.70%).

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
The transdermal route of drug delivery has gained great interest of pharmaceutical research, as it circumvents number of problems associated with oral route of drug administration. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. Mainly, they include electrophoresis, iontophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, microneedles, sonophoresis, and vesicular system like liposomes, niosomes, elastic liposomes such as ethosomes and transfersomes. Among these strategies transferosomes appear promising. A novel vesicular drug carrier system called transfersomes, which is composed of phospholipid, surfactant, and water for enhanced transdermal delivery. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were first introduced in the early 1990s.The system can be characterized by in vitro for vesicle shape and size, entrapment efficiency, degree of deformability, number of vesicles per cubic mm. These carriers can transport pharmacological agents, including large polypeptides, through the permeability barriers, such as the intact skin.