KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) plus Padcev (enfortumab vedotin-ejfv), given as neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment (before and after surgery) exhibited event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and pathologic complete response rates (pCR rates) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC
Merck (MSD) announced positive topline results from the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-B15 trial (also known as EV-304) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are eligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
The trial, evaluating Merck’s KEYTRUDA, an anti-PD-1 therapy, plus Padcev, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), was conducted in collaboration with Pfizer and Astellas and builds on the clinical success of this combination in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) and cisplatin-ineligible MIBC.
“The persistent risk of recurrence in cis-eligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, despite recent advances, underscores the continued need for effective perioperative treatments,” said Dr. Matthew Galsky, Lillian and Howard Stratton Professor of Medicine, director of genitourinary medical oncology, Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center, and KEYNOTE-B15 principal study investigator. “The strength of these data demonstrates that pembrolizumab plus enfortumab vedotin—given before and after surgery—has the potential to significantly improve survival outcomes.”
KEYNOTE-B15, also known as EV-304, is an open-label, randomized Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04700124) evaluating perioperative KEYTRUDA in combination with Padcev and surgery (radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) and surgery in patients with MIBC who are cisplatin-eligible. The trial enrolled 808 patients who were randomized to receive either :
Four cycles (each cycle length is 21 days) of neoadjuvant KEYTRUDA intravenous (IV) infusion plus enfortumab vedotin IV infusion, followed by surgery, followed by 13 cycles of adjuvant KEYTRUDA IV infusion plus five cycles of enfortumab vedotin IV infusion,
or;
Four cycles (each cycle is 21 days) of standard of care neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery.
The primary endpoint is EFS, defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of the following events: radiographic disease progression precluding radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, failure to undergo surgery in participants with residual disease, gross residual disease left behind at time of surgery, local or distant recurrence based on blinded independent central review or death due to any cause. The key secondary endpoints are OS and pCR rate.
“For people living with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, treatment decisions often need to be made earlier, when the opportunity to change the course of the disease is greatest,” said Dr. Marjorie Green, senior vice president and head of oncology, global clinical development, Merck Research Laboratories. “These results reinforce our conviction that moving KEYTRUDA into earlier stages of cancer care can make a meaningful difference for patients. By exploring combinations with ADCs in the perioperative setting, we aim to improve survival expectations for people facing muscle-invasive bladder cancer.”
The safety profile of KEYTRUDA plus Padcev in this study was consistent with the known safety profiles of each agent. No new safety signals were identified with the combination. The companies plan to share these results with regulatory authorities worldwide for potential regulatory filings and will present the data at an upcoming medical meeting.
KEYTRUDA plus Padcev is currently approved for the treatment of adult patients with la/mUC in the U.S., the European Union (EU), Japan and several other countries around the world. KEYTRUDA plus Padcev is also approved in the U.S. for the treatment of adult patients with MIBC who are ineligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. KEYTRUDA as monotherapy is also approved in the U.S., EU, Japan and other countries for the treatment of certain patients with la/mUC or a type of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
