Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Amiya Kumar Ghosh*¹, Shiladitya Palit², SaptarshiSamajdar^3
1Dept. of Pharmacy, Utkal University, Orissa
²Dept. of Pharmacy, IITBHU
³Centre for Pharmaceutical Sc. And Natural Products, Central University of Punjab
amiyaghosh94@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
With the spread of western lifestyles, the occurrence of diabetes in the world’s population is rising. Diabetes is a complex metabolic endocrine disorder that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. It is classified into two basic forms Type I and Type II diabetes. A major goal for the treatment of type II diabetes is the enhancement of insulin secretion by pancreatic islet b-cells. The current therapeutic agents, although effective in increasing insulin secretion, are associated with undesirable side effects. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is responsible for conversion of glucose tolerance (GLP-1), into inactive form. The inhibition of DPP-IV would be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Improved glucose tolerance in diabetic patients was achieved with several small molecules as DPP IV inhibitors, including sitagliptin. The current study was designed to identify a suitable inhibitor agent for DPP IV. Computer-assisted molecular modeling approach has contributed to the successful discovery of several novel antidiabetic DPP IV agents.Someisoquinoline was designed computationally and screened through insilico docking studies against crystal structure of Dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) ( PDB entry 2P8S )as a projected target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Insilico docking methodology using Auto Dock vina comprising a search method Genetic Lamarckian algorithm was used. Genetic Lamarckian algorithm performs an Automated Docking and has an advantage of empirical binding free energy force field that allows the prediction of binding free energies for docked ligands. In-silico evaluation shows satisfactory docking results, when compared with standard using docking. It is concluded that investigational ligands has the potential of inhibiting DPP-IV and there by further screening (invitro and invivo) studies can be carried out in order to find out optimized bioflavonoids for treating type2diabetes mellitus.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Steffi Jerry Mammen,
Inamdar Multispecialty Hospital,
Pune,
Maharashtra, India
steffi.thomas@ymail.com


Abstract:
The reality that medical treatment can harm patients is one that the healthcare community has had to come to, in terms with over recent years. Adverse events associated with medication errors are chief causes among them. A medication error is an error which can be defined as any discrepancy between the prescriber's interpretable medication order and what was administered to a patient. Prescribing & drug administration appears to be associated with greatest number of errors.

To ensure patient safety& provide better health services, medication errors should be curbed. India is still lacking the regulatory system for the control of medication errors.

Therefore, a stringent regulatory set up should be established to reduce medication errors.  Awareness among the health-care professionals regarding medication errors may be the major factor in the establishment of a successful regulatory system. Some of them might be aware but reporting is rare due to many factors such as miscommunication, fear of punishment, potential termination from job, failure to comply with the policies etc.

Reporting will disclose medication errors, could trigger warnings, but should not  create an unhealthy atmosphere post reporting, and acknowledging the facts and working on it could help prevent medication errors as all of health care domain are working for patient safety at the end.

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Naveen Kumar G.S* ¹, U. Srinivas ², Hanumanthchar Joshi ³,
¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
Sarada Vilas College of pharmacy,
Mysuru, Karnataka, India
² Department of Pharmacognosy,
Srinivas College of pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka India,
3 Department Pharmacognosy,
Sarada Vilas College of pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka India
*premukhoja@gmail.com

ABSTRACT  
An UV spectrophotometric method using simultaneous equation was developed for the simultaneous determination of meclizine and folic acid in a binary mixture. In the proposed method, the signals were measured at 390.0 nm and 237.0 nm corresponding to absorbance maxima of and folic acid in methanol respectively. Linearity range was observed in the concentration range of 2-12 µg/ml for both the drugs. Concentration of each drug was obtained by using the absorptivity values calculated for both drugs at two wavelengths, 390.0 nm and 237.0 nm and solving the simultaneous equation. The method was validated and proposed method was fast, accurate and precise so it can be used for regular quality control of the drug.

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Gauri Nilewar*, P.B. Mute, P.P. Talhan, Shruti Thakre,
Dr. R.G. Bhoyar college of Pharmacy,
Wardha Maharashtra, India
*samvedna.nahatkar90@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Nano capsules are vesicular systems in which the drug is confined to a cavity consisting of an inner liquid core surrounded by a polymeric membrane. Nano capsules having various advantages and disadvantages. Preparation of Nano capsules can be used as a two types of polymers 1) Natural polymers 2) Synthetic polymers. Nano capsules are prepared by different method those are a) Solvent evaporation b) Nano precipitation c) emulsification / Solvent diffusion d) Salting out e) Dialysis f) Super critical fluid technology. Different characterization and evaluation tests are performed to Nano capsules. Dispersed polymer nanocapsules can be used as nano-sized drug carriers to get controlled release as well as efficient drug targeting. Drug-loaded polymeric nanocapsules have showed possible applications in the field of drug delivery systems. Enormous research efforts have been performed in order to develop modern nano-particulate drug delivery systems. However, newly developed drug molecules with moderate biopharmaceutical profile are still missing. The entrapment of this drug molecule can protect them from the biological environment and facilitate their transport through biological barriers. Therefore nano-carriers especially nanocapsules (NC) can give the promise for therapeutic benefits in the field of drug delivery system. Nanocapsules, existing in miniscule size, range from 10 nm to 1000 nm. They consist of a liquid/solid core in which the drug is placed into a cavity, which is surrounded by a distinctive polymer membrane made up of natural or synthetic polymers. They have attracted great interest, because of the protective coating, which are usually pyrophoric and easily oxidized and delay the release of active ingredients.

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Nesar Ahmad*,Zafar Khan, Noorul Hasan, Abdul Basit, Seikh Zohrameena
Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
*nesar50@gmail.com

ABSTRACT 
Stroke is a destructive experience which can result in permanent disability in brain. There is no permanent drug which can improve the blood flow at infracted area and also improve the neurological deficit. Due to the lack of treatments available for stroke, many researchers will investigate the suitable plants or drugs for the treatment of this disease. Numerous medicinal plants and herbal drugs are available to treat stroke, some of the plants are Ginkgo biloba, Fructus Chebulae, Pomegranate, Rosa laevigata, Garlic, Leonurus heterophyllus, Olive, Grape, Allium cepa, drugs such as Pravastatin, Senkyunolide I, Phloretin, Mgso4, HAMI 3379, Oleoylethanolamie, scopolamine and mecamylamine, Nitric Oxide, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 3,5,6,7,8,3’,4’-Heptamethoxy flavones, Rosiglitazone, Puerarin, the activity was estimated by parameters like superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Hemispheric swelling index (cerebral edema), H2O2 induced cell injury, OGD-R induced cell injury, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidises, mitochondrial membrane potential, Western blotting assay, ROS scavenging assays, Superoxide anion  scavenging assay, Hydroxyl radical  scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay, Singlet oxygen scavenging assay, Peroxyl radical scavenging assay, Peroxynitrite anion scavenging assay, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, blood–brain barrier integrity, cerebral infarct size, in Situ Apoptosis Detection, Western blotting, SOD, GSH, glutathione peroxidase, and MDA levels, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay, Determination of caspase activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, Determination of choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT), Cell viability, Oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion assay, Flow cytometry, Immunohistochemistry.  The present review focused on different medicinal plants and drugs that have been tested in Stroke in animal models.

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Suleman S. khoja * 1, Sohil S khoja 1,Parthkumar H chauhan 2,Farhad S Khoja 3 ,Shamim S Khoja3.
1) Resource person in Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Audit and Compliance, Vapi -396191.
2) Resource person in Quality Assurance, Navsari
3) Registered Pharmacist ,Gujarat State Pharmacy council, Vapi -396191
*premukhoja@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Data integrity is fundamental in a pharmaceutical quality system which ensures the completeness, consistency, and accuracy of data. Complete, consistent, and accurate data should be attributable, legible, contemporaneously recorded, original or a true copy, and accurate (ALCOA), Arrangements shall be in place within an organisation with respect to people, systems and facilities that shall be  designed, operated and where appropriate adapted to support a working environment and  organisational culture that ensures data is complete consistent and accurate in all its forms, i.e. paper  and electronic record .When taken collectively these arrangements fulfil the concept of data governance. Regulatory bodies expect that data shall be reliable and accurate. CGMP regulations and guidance allow for flexible and risk-based strategies to detect and prevent data integrity issues. Industry should implement meaningful and effective strategies to manage their data integrity risks based upon their process understanding and knowledge management of technologies and best business models. In recent year Regulatory observation has increasingly observed GMP violations involving data integrity risks during CGMP inspections. This is troublesome because ensuring data integrity is an important component of industry’s responsibility to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs, Regulatory is concern with ability to protect the public health.

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ABOUT AUHTORS
M. Manasa Rekha*, T. Mubeena
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Annamacharya college of Pharmacy,
Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh, India.
* manasarekharoyal@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: 
Clinical pharmacy is defined as that area of pharmacy concerned with the science and practice of rational medication use. The pharmacist, along with the prescriber has a duty to ensure that patients are aware of the risk of side effects and a suitable course of action should they occur. With their detailed knowledge of medicine, pharmacists have the ability to relate unexpected symptoms experienced by patients to possible drug interactions of their drug therapy. The practice in clinical pharmacy also ensures that drug interactions are minimized by avoiding drugs with potential side effects in susceptible patients. Thus, pharmacist has a major role to play in relation to prevention, detection, and reporting drug interactions.

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Sunil Shastri*, Harsh Narang.
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Sriganganagar, Rajasthan.
sunil11044@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The Combinatorial Chemistry is a scientific method in which a very large number of chemical entities are synthesized by condensing a small number of chemical compounds together in all combinations defined by a small set of chemical reactions.
Combinatorial technologies provided a possibility to produce new compounds in practically unlimited number. New strategies and technologies have also been developed that made possible to screen very large number of compounds and to identify useful components of mixtures containing millions of different substances. Instead of preparing and examining a single compound, families of new substances are synthesized and screened. In addition, combinatorial thinking and practice proved to be useful in areas outside the pharmaceutical research Such as search for more effective catalysts and materials research. Combinatorial chemistry became an accepted new branch within chemistry.
The aim of this project is to provide a basic introduction to the field of combinatorial chemistry describing the development of major techniques and some applications. 

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ABOUT AUHTORS
Hnawate R.M*., Deore P.
Dr. Vedprakash Patil Pharmacy College,
Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India
ravi_hanwate@yahoo.co.in

ABSTRACT
For the past few years, there has been a considerable research on the basis of Novel drug delivery system, using particulate vesicle systems as such drug carriers for small and large molecules. Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Microspheres, Niosomes, Pronisomes, Ethosomes, Proliposomes have been used as drug carrier in vesicle drug delivery system. Nanotechnology refers to the creation and utilization of materials whose constituents exist at the nanoscale; and, by convention, be up to 100 nm in size.. Nanoparticles are being used for diverse purposes, from medical treatments, using in various branches of industry production such as solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to wide incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labelling and treatment of some cancers. Various polymers have been used in the formation of Nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been improving the therapeutic effect of drugs and minimize the side effects. Basically, Nanoparticles have been prepared by using various techniques as such dispersion of preformed polymers, polymerization of monomers and ionic gelation or co-acervation of hydrophilic polymer. Nanoparticles have been evaluated by using parameters of drug entrapment efficiency, particle shape, drug release study

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