Articles

About Author: Ambrish Singh
B.Pharma, M.Tech (Biotech)
Anna University,
Chennai

Abstract
Products which degrade upon disposal by the action of living organisms are called 'biodegradable products”. They can be broken down into their constituent natural elements and be absorbed by the environment. There has been a lot of progress in the production of biodegradable products from biopolymers such as starch, cellulose, lactic acid, glycolic acid etc. Biopolymers have a vast range of applications in the production of eco- friendly products such as bioplastics, biopots, biodegradable medical devices, biodegradable implants and drug delivery systems. Using biodegradable products is very important for making the environment “Green”. Advanced techniques in biotechnology have been used to produce genetically modified organisms. These genetically modified organisms are used in the production of biopolymers. Biopolymers help to produce biodegradable products in large quantities at a very low cost. Therefore focusing research in these areas will help to completely avoid the usage of non biodegradable products in future.

About Author: Mr. Naresh. M. Reddy
PG Diploma (Cheminformatics),
Nizam College, Osmania University
Hyderabad.

Abstract
Oral strontium ranelate is an alternative oral treatment, belonging to a class of drugs called dual action bone agents. The objective of this investigation was to characterize and determine the effect of the Strontium ranelate on Calcium sensor receptor (CASR) which is an important protein involved Osteophoresis. Homology modeling of CASR has been performed based on the crystal structure of the 2E4U (Chain A) by using Modeller software. With the aid of the molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the final model is obtained and is further assessed by procheck and verify 3D graph programs, which showed that the final refined model is reliable. With this model, a flexible docking study of CASR with a group of Ranelic acids were selected from the previous publications was performed. The results indicated that VAL1,SER18,SER2,GLU241 in CASR are important determinant residues in binding as they have strong hydrogen bonding with Ranelic acids. These hydrogen binding interactions play an important role for stability of the complex. Among the 15 compunds, 6th showed best docking result. Our results may be helpful for further experimental investigations.

About Author: Ram Ashwin

Peptic Ulcer Disease and its  screening
Condition characterized by Erosion of GI mucosa resulting from digestive action of HCl and pepsin or A peptic ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum.
• Ulcer development
• Lower esophagus(esophageal ulcer)
• Stomach(gastric ulcer)
• Duodenum(duodenal ulcer)

About Author: Jadhav Ramulu 1, P. Goverdhan2
1 Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Hanamkonda-Warangal (Affiliated to Kakatiya University), A.P-506002, INDIA
2 Head of the department, pharmacology, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Hanamkonda-Warangal, A.P-506002, INDIA

Abstract
Computer aided drug design(CADD) is an emerging tool for research and drug development process as it reduce the time taken for the process of drug development and expense. Several new technologies have been developed and applied in drug R & D to shorten the research cycle and to reduce the expenses. In computer aided drug design process so many computational tools are used such as over viewing tools, homology modeling, and homology modeling programs, molecular dynamics, molecular docking and QSAR descriptors. This article provides a brief idea on computer aided drug design process and list of software used.

About Author: Uday Venkat Mateti^1*, Srikala Patha²
1. Department of Pharmacy Practice  & Pharm.D, St Peter’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohini Hospital, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bharat Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), KIMS Hospital, JNTU, Hyderabad, India

Abstract
The mortality rate of febrile neutropenia (FN) has diminished steadily but remains significant. Overall mortality rates are 5% in patients with solid tumors (1% in low-risk patients) and as high as 11% in some hematological malignancies. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against most Gram-positive, Gram-negative aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is effective and well tolerated in patients with febrile neutropenia.  Guidelines for the Management of Febrile Neutropenia in Oncology Patients and the 2010 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Prevention and treatment  for febrile neutropenia recommends as initial treatment in patients with FN who are at high risk of serious infections. In comparative clinical trials against various other antibacterial regimens. Piperacillin/Tazobactam has shown higher clinical success rates, particularly in the treatment of patients with febrile neutropenia. Piperacillin/Tazobactam has shown clinical as well as the economic advantages over other antibacterial regimens in the treatment of febrile episodes in patients with neutropenia. It is likely to reduce overall treatment costs of moderate to severe febrile neutropenia by increasing initial treatment success thereby reducing the length of hospital stay and the use of additional antibacterials. Present data regarding clinical efficacy, safety and costs would support the use of Piperacillin/Tazobactam as an empirical first-line option in moderate to severe febrile episodes in patients with neutropenia.

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About Author: Rinki Verma (Research Fellow)
Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery,
Institute of Medical sciences,
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India

Abstract
Genetic instability caused by secondary metabolites produced by fungus. These  mycotoxins are chemical compound which are naturally toxic to cells. Because of ability to generating ROS and RNS caused oxidative stress. Due to their toxicity properties implicate apoptosis and form cancer cell. DNA replication are going to impaired and become damage. Mycotoxins are suppressed tumor suppressing gene and convert proto-oncogene in the oncogene. In this review we explain the control exposure of mycotoxins and provides guidelines to farmers because they are directly contact to these compounds.

About Author: Rinki Verma (Research Fellow)
Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery,
Institute of Medical sciences,
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi-221005, India

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached endemic scope and is an important risk factor for heart failure (HF).Itself indicated as a group of different disease due to destruction of insulin. A large number of therapy available in the management of this but most prominent therapy uses due to their unique properties; stem cell therapy. A stem cell with extensive proliferative nature may provide a precious source of islet progenitor cells. Through transplantation of insulin-producing cells offers a promising therapy to profligate diabetes. A number of studies have demonstrated that a progenitor/stem-cell population can be expanded in vitro to generate large numbers of islet progenitor cells. However, efficient and directed differentiation of these cells to an endocrine pancreatic lineage has been difficult to achieve. They review growing of the islet cells obtained from embryonic stem cell, or adult human tissues which produced insulin to treatments of diabetic patients.

About Author: Mr. Rupajit Bhattacharjee, M.Pharm

What are Prebiotics?
Prebiotics are components present in foods, or that can be incorporated into foods, which yield health benefits related to their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
Prebiotics can be defined as “nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of one or a limited number of bacterial species in the colon, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, which have the potential to improve host health.” Prebiotics are, simply speaking, the “food” for beneficial bacteria.

About Author: Rinki Verma (Research fellow)
Institute of Medical science (CEMS)
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi - 221005