Pharmacognosy Articles

About Authors:
Ujjwal S. Yeotkar*, Mahendra Nimbhorkar, Tushar A. Deshmukh, Vijay R. Patil
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Tapi Valley Education Society’s,
Hon’ble, Loksevak Madhukarrao Chaudhari College of Pharmacy,
North Maharashtra University,
Faizpur- 425 503,
Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT
Churna are important group of formulation used by Ayurvedic physicians to treat various types of diasease. Trikatu and Pimpali churna, as per Ayurvedic literature is used for the treatment of resperatory disorders. In the present study,an attempt has been made to develop a HPTLC  method of quantitative estimation of marker compound, piperine in laboratory prepared authentic formulation and a marketed formulation of Trikatu and Pimpali churna. The stationary phase used was precoated silica gel G ₆₀ F ₂₅₄ plates. The mobile phase containing n- Hexane-ethyl acetate, (5:5 v/v ), was used to separate the spot of Piperine. Plates were developed to a distance of 8 cm at room temperature. Spectrodensitometric scanning was performed by TLC scanner III (CAMAG) in absorbance mode at the wavelength of 339nm. The  R_f  values of  piperine was 0.44± 0.02. The method was validated in terms of Linearity, Accuracy and  Precision. The linearity curve found to be linear in between 200–900 ng/spot. The limit of Detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ) were found to be  1 ng and  3 ng respectively. The mean results from % Recovery was found to be, laboratory formulation contain 85.13% and 83.47% while the commercial formulation shows 96.65%, and 90.32% respectively. The proposed method can be used to determine Piperine from Ayurvedic formulations.

About Authors:
Kapil Patel, Supriya Hazra Das
Department of Pharmacology
Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College,
Kim, Surat – 394118,
Gujarat, India

Abstract:  
Peptic ulcer is a condition where benign lesions of gastric or duodenal mucosa occur at a site where the mucosal epithelium is exposed to acid and pepsin, due to imbalance between offensive and defensive factors. Acacia leucophloea, a deciduous tree found throughout India is reported to be used in gastric ulcer in traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-ulcer properties of Acacia leucophloea in pylorus ligation ulcer model in rats. Acacia leucophloea was administered for 7 days and on 8^th day 30 min prior to the induction of ulcers. Pretreatment with Acacia leaucophloea showed significant ulcer protection against pylorus ligation ulcer model as compared to control. Thus, the ulcer protective and healing effects of Acacia leucophloea may be due to its effect on both offensive and defensive factors. The present findings suggest that Acacia leucophloea has antiulcer properties.

About Authors:
Dr. M.B.SULOCHANA, PRASHANTH GADGI
Department of Biotechnology,
Gulbarga University,
Gulbarga, Karnataka,India

ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer on performance of Green gram, Bengal gram and Groundnut. Investigations were done in pot culture experiment under natural conditions. The research material consists of Green gram, Bengal gram and Groundnut varieties with treatment of seeds and Nitrogen fertilizer at 60kg/ha for green gram and Bengal gram, 120kg/ha for Groundnut. These treatments were compared against control (no inoculation). Data were recorded on Plant Growth parameters (seed germination, nodulation index, plant height at maturity, wet weight and dry weight) and soil nitrogen levels at the end of experiment. Among all treatments plant with seed inoculation was found effective in all three legume varieties compared to soil with nitrogen fertilizer and control.

About Authors:
Rajesh Gupta¹*, Arun Kumar², Aiswarya G³ , Santanu Roychowdhury^1
1Department of Pharmacognosy,
Sri Sai College of pharmacy, Dalhousie road,
Badhani, Pathankot-145001,
Punjab, India.
²Department of Pharmacy,
BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya,
Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat
Haryana,India
³JDT Islam College of Pharmacy,
Vellimadukunnu, Calicut,
Kerala, India

ABSTRACT
The plant Acacia leucophloea Roxb is reported to have great medicinal value in Indian medicine. The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening of Acacia leucophloea Roxb, stem bark in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract by using Carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet –induced granuloma model.The cotton pellet granuloma method is widely used to evaluate the transudative and proliferative components of the chronic inflammation. The moist weight of the cotton pellet correlates with the transuda; the dry weight of the pellet correlates with the amount of the granulomatous tissue. Administration of stem bark methanol extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. and phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg b.w.) appears to be effective in inhibiting the dry weight of the cotton pellet. These data support the hypothesis of the greater effect of the extract on the inflammation mediators in the immediate response of inflammation in rats.

About Authors:
Soujanya J, Silambujanaki P, Leela Krishna V
Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy,
SRM University, Kattankulathur-603203,
Kancheepuram Dist.,
Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract
Holoptelea integrifolia, Planch. is a widely used herb in traditional medical systems of India.It is an important pollen allergen of India andsensitizes almost 10% of the atopic population in Delhi.Various parts of Holoptelea integrifolia, a roadside plant, are indicated by Charaka Samhitha, Sushrutha Samhitha and other traditional systems for the treatment of inflammations, acid gastritis, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, intestinal worms, vomiting, wounds, vitiligo, leprosy, filariasis, diabetes, haemorrhoids, dysmenorrhoea and rheumatism.The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its pharmacological, traditional and phytochemical properties

About Authors:
Das Saumya¹*, Basu saumya Priya¹, Das Manas Kumar², Das Sanjita¹
1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, NIET, Greater Noida, U.P., India.
2. Department of Pharmacy,
IEC-CET,
Greater Noida, U.P.,
India.

Introduction
Cancer has been one of the greatest scourges of mankind since time immemorial. It may be regarded as a series of malignant diseases characterized by (i) abnormal growth of cells (ii) ability to invade adjacent tissues and even distant organs and (iii) the eventual death of the affected patient if the tumor has progressed beyond the stage where it can be successfully removed. The incidence of cancer is expected to rise worldwide notably because of increase in life expectancy, changes in lifestyle patterns and environmental factors. Over the years, an increased understanding of cancer at cellular, molecular and genetic levels is opening up enormous opportunities to interrupt its initiation and progression. Although rapid strides have been made in treatment of cancer, there still remain many stumbling blocks in achieving cancer prevention and cure.

About Authors:
Amol A. Dambal
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Govt. College of pharmacy, Kathora naka,
Amravati-444604. (M.S.), INDIA.

ABSTRACT:
The Bark of Terminalia arjuna is considered as a  Cardioprotective and hypolipidemic in folklore medicine. In present investigation, the detailed pharmacognostic study of Terminalia arjuna Bark is carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful in future experimental studies. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical screening and physicochemical evaluation.

About Author:
Amol.A.Dambal,
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Govt. College of pharmacy, Kathora naka,
Amravati-444604. (M.S.), INDIA.

ABSTRACT:
The herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. The plant Terminalia arjuna has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. The plants contain Arjunilic acid, Triterpine glycosides like Arjunetosides I, II, III, IV, Arjunine and Arjunetein. The bark is rich in Saponnins, natural anti-oxidants (flavonoids-arjunone,arjunolone,leteilin), gallic acid, ellagic acid , phytosterols, rich in minerals like ca,  mg, zn and co, reducing sugars & coloring matter. It has been reported as Cardio tonic, Hepato-protective, Immunomodulatory, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial and Antiulcer properties.The current study is therefore carried out to provide requisite phytochemical and Pharmacological detail about the plant. The plant is cultivated in different parts of India on a small scale at present However; systematic information on different aspects of this species is not available. In this review, an attempt has been made to present this information.

About Authors:
Kataria Sahil, Aggarwal Ashutosh, Middha Akanksha, Sandhu Premjeet
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan,
INDIA

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood.
There are three major types of diabetes:
•    Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.

•    Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise.