Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The term superbug is a nonspecific word that is used to describe any microorganism that is resistant to at least one or more commonly used antibiotics. Some authors restrict its use to microorganisms resistant to two or more antibiotics.

The most common bacteria described as superbug are the following:
* MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to multiple antibiotics)
*  VRE (Enterococcus species resistant to vancomycin)
*  PRSP (Streptococcus pneumonia strains resistant to penicillin)
*  ESBLs (Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics such as cephalosporins and monobactams)

Emerging superbugs may be multiple drug resistant Clostridium difficile, VRSA (vancomycin resistant S.sureus) and NDM Escherichia coli (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase resistant E.coli).

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
It is the branch of medicine that involves introducing new cells into a diseased tissue to trigger the body’s ability to heal itself.
Cell therapy includes stem cell therapy, which means harvesting, transplantating or implanting stem cells in order to make healing mechanisms available in the diseased or damaged tissue itself. These stem cells may be harvested from the body of the mature adult from specialized sites where it is available such as the marrow of large bones or they may be preserved stem cells, harvested from the Umbilical cord blood or cord tissue at the time of that person’s birth.
They may also be from another donor. If the donor of the stem cells is the same as the patient in whom it is transplanted, it is called autologous cell therapy. If the donor is a different person, it is called allogenic stem cell therapy.

About Authors:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The International Conference on Harmonization of technical requirements of pharmaceuticals for human use was established in 1990 as a tripartite venture representing regulatory bodies and research based industry. The major aim of ICH is to provide a forum for constructive discussion on the real and perceived differences in technical requirements for the registration of new chemical entities. Other objectives are: To achieve greater harmonization in the interpretation and application of technical guidelines for the registration of new active substances or products obtained by biotechnology by its members; to improve the efficiency of global drug development; to reduce redundant studies; and to improve pharmacovigilance activities and quality assurance.

About Authors:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Clinical trials are the set of procedures in medical research and drug development that are conducted to allow safety and efficacy data to be collected for place only interventions. These trials can take place only after satisfactory information has been gathered on the quality of the country where the trial is taking place.

Depending on the type of product and the stage of its development, investigators enrol healthy volunteers and patients into small pilot studies, followed by larger scale studies in patients that often compare the new product with the currently prescribed treatment. As positive safety and efficacy data are gathered, the number of patients is typically increased. Clinical trials can vary in size from a single centre in one country to multicenter trials in multiple countries.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The diet is selection of food eaten by an individual. A balanced diet is essential for health. It provides the appropriate amounts of all nutrients in the correct proportions to meet body requirements.
An essential nutrient is substances that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied through the diet. Foods are described as carbohydrate or protein because they contain a higher proportion of one or the other. A balanced diet contains all nutrients required for health in appropriate proportions and is normally achieved by eating a variety of foods.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chottoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite (plasmodium) which is transmitted from human by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Four species of the parasite plasmodium are responsible for Malaria in humans: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium falciparum.
This disease cause a nearly 300 to 400 million clinical episodes of malaria occur worldwide, out of which 1.5 to 2 million die every year. So this is also a most dangerous disease in children. This review reveals the treatment of malaria in paediatrics.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
Final Year Graduate student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chittoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Electrophoresis is also called as cataphoresis. It is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of spatially uniform electric field. This electro kinetic phenomenon was observed for the first time in 1807 by Reuss (Moscow State University), who noticed that the application of a constant electric field caused clay particles dispersed in water to migrate. It is ultimately caused by the presence of a charged interface between the particle surface and the surrounding fluid. Electrophoresis is a rapid separation technique.Factors governing the migration of ions are Charge of ions, Size of the ions, Viscosity of the medium, Voltage applied, pH of buffer and ionic strength. Factors affecting electrophoresis are Molecular characteristics (size, shape), Buffer Properties, Electric Field Characteristics, Temperature.

About Author:
Kambham Venkateswarlu
1-Final Year Graduate Student
Sri Lakshmi Narasimha College of Pharmacy,
Palluru, Chottoor-517132, Andhra Pradesh, India.
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Hepatitis is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver and can be caused by a variety of different viruses such as hepatitis-A, B, C, D, and E. Since the development of jaundice is a characteristic of liver disease, a correct diagnosis can only be made by testing patient’s sera for the presence of specific anti-viral antibiotics. Transmission of HAV is typically by the faecal, oral route. Hepatitis A was formerly called infectious hepatitis, Epidemic hepatitis, Epidemic jaundice, Catarrhal jaundice, type A hepatitis, HA.

About Author:
Kambham venkateswarlu
graduate student
Sri lakshmi narasimha college of pharmacy,
palluru, chittor-517132, andhra pradesh, india
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Nanotechnology is the technology of nanoparticles which are made of polymers of synthetic or natural origin. Nanoparticle is a collective name for nanospheres and nanocapsules of size from 10-1000nm. Nanocapsules are vesicular systems in which drug is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer membrane. Nanospheres are matrix systems in the drug are physically and uniformly dispersed. Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production on and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size on the nanoscale. Nanotechnology in medicine is referred to as nanomedicine and involves the implementation of technologies that exist or function at the cellular and levels medical use.