Guntur

About Author:
Anitha Nidadavolu
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Chalapathi Institute of Pharmceutical Sciences
Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
anitha058@gmail.com
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Abstract:
In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and characterize once daily sustained release pellets of highly water soluble drug Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, which is an antidepressant of serotonin-nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Compatibility studies by FTIR spectroscopy observed Venlafaxine HCl was compatible with all the excipients used. These pellets were prepared in three stages. In drug loading stage (powder layering technique with pan coater), drug was loaded on non-pareil sugar spheres by using Mannitol, Microcrystalline powder (MCCP) as diluents and PVP K30 as binder. The concentration of Venlafaxine HCl was kept constant. Four preliminary batches of drug loaded pellets prepared by varying concentrations of disintegrant Crospovidone INF-10 (D1- D4) i.e. 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6%. Optimized formulation was selected based on percentage yield, drug content (assay) and found D3- 4.5% as best. In barrier coating stage(wurster process with fluidized bed coater) drug loaded pellets of D3 were coated by different concentrations of film former HPMC E3 (B1- B3) i.e.4%, 6%, 8%. Among them, B2- 6% found as best. In SR coating stage (wurster process with fluidized bed coater) barrier pellets of B2 were coated by varying concentrations of release rate retarding polymer Ethyl cellulose EC 7 cps (S1- S4) i.e. 2%, 5%, 6%, 8%. These EC (S1- S4) formulations were characterized fordrug content (assay), particle size distribution, friability,flow properties, surface morphology (SEM) and dissolution profile.In vitro dissolution studies were carried out by USP dissolution apparatus Type-II and compared with innovator Effexor XR^®. Among all formulations S4(8%) was best, followed first order kinetics and found to release the drug over a sustained period of time up to 24 hrs. The release exponent (n values) for all found in the range of n > 1, indicated that the drug transport mechanism by super case-II transport. The optimized S4 formulation was found as pharmaceutically equivalent to innovator due to similarity (f2 =77.77) in drug release profile. As per ICH guidelines, accelerated stability studies conducted and there was no significant difference in physicochemical parameters (p < 0.05), indicated that the optimized S4 formulation was stable.

About Authors:
¹M Prasad Naidu, ²Dr Madhu Sudan Reddy, ³T Madhu Chaithanya, ⁴N Mallikarjun Rao
¹(Medical Biochemistry) NMCH, Nellore, AP, India.
²(MD Pharmacolgy) NMCH, Nellore, AP, India.
³(Medical Pharmacology) MIMS, Vijayanagaram, AP, India.
⁴(MSc Botany). Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India.
*www.prasadnaidu.com@gmail.com

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
An important technique for the separation of proteins is based on the migration of charged proteins in an electric field, a process called electrophoresis. These procedures are not generally used to purify proteins in large amounts, because simpler alternatives are usually available and electrophoretic methods often adversely affect the structure and thus the function of proteins. Electrophoresis is, however, especially useful as an analytical method. Its advantage is that proteins can be visualized as well as separated, permitting a researcher to estimate quickly the number of different proteins in a mixture or the degree of purity of a particular protein preparation. Also, electrophoresis allows determination of crucial properties of a protein such as its isoelectric point and approximate molecular weight. The polyacrylamide gel acts as a molecular sieve, slowing the migration of proteins approximately in proportion to their charge-to-mass ratio. Migration may also be affected by protein shape. In electrophoresis, the force moving the macromolecule is the electrical potential, E. The electrophoretic mobility of the molecule, µ, is the ratio of the velocity of the particle molecule, V, to the electrical potential. Electrophoretic mobility is also equal to the net charge of the molecule, Z, divided by the frictional coefficient, f, which reflects in part a protein’s shape.

ABOUT AUTHOR:
Bhimavarapu Ramya Reddy
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
A.M Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Narasaraopet,
Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
ramyareddy.bh@gmail.com

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Madhuri tadiparthi
Chalapathi institute of pharmaceutical sciences,
guntur, a.p, india.
tadiparthimadhuri@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Amlodipine (as besylate, mesylate or maleate) is a long-acting calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine (DHP) class) used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina. Indapamide is a thiazide diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension, as well as decompensated cardiac failure. Six new, simple, accurate and precise methods have been developed and validated according to ICH guidelines for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine and Indapamide in their combined dosage form (four UV-Spectrophotometric, one colorimetric and one RP-HPLC methods).
First method is based on simultaneous estimation using two wavelengths, 365 nm (λ_maxof AMLO) and 279 nm (λ_maxof INDA) by simultaneous equation method. The second method involves the use of first order derivative technique, here 293 nm, the zero crossing point of AMLO, 279 nm, the zero crossing point of INDA were used for the estimation. The third method is based on Q-absorption Ratio method using two wavelengths 365 nm (λ_maxof AMLO) and 312 nm (Isoabsorptive point). In the dual wavelength method two wave lengths 270 nm and 288 nm were selected as λ₁ and λ₂ for the estimation of AMLO, INDA shows the same absorbance at these wavelengths. Similarly, wavelengths 350 nm and 378 nm were selected as λ₁ and λ₂ for the estimation of INDA, AMLO shows the same absorbance at these wavelengths.Colorimetry:  The method is based on use of MBTH reagent for simultaneous estimation of AMLO and INDA using two wavelengths, 626 nm (λ_maxof AMLO) and 600 nm (λ_maxof INDA).

About Author:
Swapna.G*
Department of pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical & Quality Assurance,
Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Atmakuru, Guntur -522 203.
*swapna.goday.gs@gmail.com

Abstract
A  simple,  precise  and  accurate  reversed phase liquid chromatographic method has been  developed  for  the  assay  of  azithromycin  in  powder  for oral suspension. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Asahipak ODP 40 E(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)  analytical  column.  A  mixture  of  methanol–ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (0.05M)  (30:70, v/v)  (pH 9.0)  was  used  as  the  mobile  phase,  at   a  flow  rate  of 1.5 mLmin^-1  and  detector  wavelength  at  210 nm. The retention time of  azithromycin was  found to be at  8.0 min. The validation of the proposed method was carried out for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and stability indicating assay. The linear  dynamic range is from   382–1208 μgmL^-1 for  azithromycin. The percentage recovery  obtained  for  azithromycin is 101.0%.  The developed method can be used for pharmaceutical dosage form and  in process testing.

About Authors:
N Allamneni*, CH Ajay Babu, AVS Madhulatha, C Anusha, P Sowjanya, BV Komali, M Kalyani, Syed M
*Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Narasaraopeta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Narasaraopeta, Guntur, India.
*yaswanthallamneni@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Chronopharmacokinetics involves the study of temporal changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion with respect to time of administration. Drug Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination are influenced by many different physiological functions of the body, which may vary, with time of day. Thus, the pharmacokinetic parameters characterizing these different steps, conventionally considered to be constant in time, depend on the moment of drug administration. Chronokinetic studies have been reported for many drugs in an attempt to explain chronopharmacodynamic phenomena and demonstrate that the time of administration is a possible factor of variation in the kinetics of a drug. However, the time of day has to be regarded as an additional variable influencing the kinetics of a drug since many drugs are affected by time of administration and the activity or rest period of the human or animal.