Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Tabassum I. Hangad *, Rani S. Potawale
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
M. C. E. Society's Allana College of Pharmacy, Azam Campus ,Camp, Pune 411001.

ABSTRACT
Ivabradine is a specific heart rate lowering agent, acting by reducing the rate of pacemaker
activity in the sinoatrial node. Ivabradine is a novel heart rate lowering medicine for the symptomatic management of stable angina pectoralis and symptomatic chronic heart failure. In multicenter clinical trials, it has been proved that Ivabradine is superior to beta-blocking agents during complex therapy of chronic heart failure accompanied with its beneficial effects related to cardiac remodeling, improvement of the currency of heart failure and diminution of patients rehospitalisation. It is suggested that Ivabradine as a newer agent is a valuable perspective drug for the treatment of congestive heart failure. This review is useful for the future study for researcher involved in formulation development and quality control of Ivabradine.

This review article represents the various analytical methods which have been reported for estimation of Ivabradine in pharmaceutical dosage form. The spectrophotometric techniques and Q-absorbance ratio method were reported by the various authors. Many researchers also worked in chromatographic areas like Thin layer chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, and High performance thin layer chromatography. Ivabradine is also studied by various hyphenated techniques .We reviewed and reported almost all analytical methods with more emphasis on chromatographic mrthodsfor Ivabradine. 

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Abhimanyu Prashar *, Anushruti
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy,
Maharishi Markandeshwar University,
Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT
This review highlighted on understanding the career opportunities available in India for Clinical Pharmacy practitioners. Clinical pharmacy is a health science discipline which deals with providing patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, and disease prevention. To improve the status of this field in India a new course, Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) was introduced a decade ago. The students pursuing this course are uncertain and misled about the career options of clinical pharmacy. Due to lack of awareness and skills among the budding pharmacists as well as the lack of guidance by academicians and academic institutions, it is really becoming difficult for the students to understand the areas where they can pursue their career. There are diverse fields in which Pharm.D students can pursue their career such as pharmacovigilance, health economics and outcome research, clinical research, medical writing, academics and research. However, clinical pharmacy and its practitioners have fewer acceptances in the healthcare system and among the general public. Due to lack of awareness among the Indian population, dominance of the clinicians in the healthcare field, lack of initiatives by the governing authorities to mandate the role of clinical pharmacist in the government sector this field is not well established. Therefore, it is high time for the budding pharmacists to focus on such an embrasure of the healthcare scenario and to understand and utilize the available opportunities. The present situation might be discouraging for the individuals pursuing their study in clinical pharmacy but, there is a wide scope and demand for the graduates in clinical pharmacy and no opportunity is small.

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Mohd Altaf S*, Qadrie ZL, M Nagavamsidhar ,suman A,Saiteja D, Shivani P
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Suryapet, Hyderabad, Telangana

ABSTRACT:
OPAT it is a frequent source of questions and formal infectious diseases consultations. OPAT is always less expensive than inpatient therapy. Financial savings have been found with OPAT when compared with in hospital stays. The use of intravenous (IV) antibiotics for the treatment of serious infections has become common around the world. It is accepted as the standard treatment for many infectious diseases including other chronic infection like sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis etc. The goals of OPAT program are to provide expert care to patients on IV antibiotics, manage side effects and infections, reduces the need for hospital readmissions. The OPAT having a series of   program patient care team includes doctors, nurses, and clinical and hospital pharmacists who are skilled in management of infectious diseases. Intravenous therapy outside the hospital, has only recently become possible, with the introduction of new Antibiotics, better catheters for vascular access, and improved infusion devices. Health care professionals have pioneered the development of OPAT and worked together to  develop safe and effective programs. The antibiotics used for OPAT care are chosen for safety, effectiveness and ease of administration and money saving. The IV delivery system needed in the home is much simpler than the large, complicated IV pumps you see in the hospital. OPAT allows suitable patients on intravenous (IV) antibiotics to be discharged early from hospital and treated in their home or community setting by a team of specialist nurses.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Deepak K. Birla*¹, Sourabh D Jain², Deepti Mishra²,
¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Shri Bherulal Pharmacy Institute, Indore, MP, India
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Bherulal Pharmacy Institute, Indore, MP, India

ABSTRACT:
Ebola virus is the single member of the species Zaire ebola virus, which is the type species for the genus Ebola virus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The natural reservoir of Ebola virus is believed to be bats, particularly fruit bats, and it is primarily transmitted between humans and from animals to humans through body fluids. The Ebola virus has a high mortality rate, with a current case fatality rate estimated to be around 50%. Mortality rates for previous outbreaks have varied from 25% to 90%, and those outbreaks have been relatively short-lived (WHO, 2014) seen near the tropical rainforests of remote villages in Central and West Africa. It is spread by close contact with patients or exposure to infected biologic fluids. The virus has been found in the blood, saliva, feces, breast milk, tears, and genital secretions of infected patients. Ebola virus causes significant immune suppression and a systemic in¬flammatory response, leading to multi organ failure and shock.

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Garima shrivastava*, Dr.Manjul shrivastava, Gaurav shrivastava
Department of Chemistry,
Govt.M.H. College of Home Science,
Jabalpur, MP, India

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to find out a new class of antimicrobial agents new schiff base ligand of 2-amino 5-nitro thiazole and its copper complex were prepared. The Microwave assisted synthesis was carried out by condensation of 2-amino 5-nitro thiazole and substituted salicyldehyde. The newly synthesized schiff base ligand and its copper complex were tested against representatives of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and gram- negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas putida) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) by disc diffusion method.

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Upendra B. Gandagule¹, B. Duraiswamy², Lokesh Gupta², Mayur R. Bhurat¹, Sanjay A. Nagdev³*
¹Department of Pharmacognosy,
K.Y.D.S.C.T’s college of Pharmacy,
Sakegaon-Bhusawal, Maharashtra, India
²Department of Pharmacognosy,
JSS College of pharmacy,
Ooty, Karnataka, India
³Department of Quality assurance,
K.Y.D.S.C.T’s college of Pharmacy,
Sakegaon-Bhusawal, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
The present study deals with detailed pharmacognostic profile of stem of Z. xylopyrus, family Rhamnaceae an important plant in the Indian system of medicine. Stem samples of Z. xylopyrus were studied by morphological, microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical and powder characters of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by WHO. Macro and microscopical studies indicated the presence of stem reddish brown in colour externally and internally whitish in colour, odourless and having pungent taste with smooth, irregular fracture. Xylem fibers arranged in radial rows, xylem parenchyma, vessel or xylem vessels, medullary rays were uni to tetraserate and pith. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of sclerenchyma, sclerenchymatous fibre and wood elements. Phytochemical evaluation have been performed which clearly reveals the occurrence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids and sterol, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids. Physicochemical parameters such as ash value extractive values were also determined and results showed that water soluble extractive value was higher than alcohol soluble extractive value. The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigation and application.

ABOUT AUTHOR
Dr. Amit Gangwal
gangwal.amit@gmail.com

A new set of global guidelines on managing diabetes (that plan to replace those followed nearly for thirty years) has been released by American College of Physicians, organization comprising internal medicine physicians. The same has been published in medical journal Annals of Internal Medicine. It says clinicians should aim to achieve an HbA1c level between 7% and 8% in most patients with type 2 diabetes (against the current 6.5 to 7%). This new figure has caused disagreement within the medical community. Medical practitioners in India opine that this may lead to serious complications in diabetics; so it should be ignored for Indians. There were around 72 million diabetics in India in 2017 (as per International Diabetes Federation). HbA1c is long-term blood sugar target, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and it is an estimation of a person’s average blood sugar level over the past few months1.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Muthyala Nagavamsidhar*¹ , Athifa Benzeer¹, Suman A¹., Altaf M.¹, Qadrie ZL.^2
*1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Hyderabad, Telangana
² Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Hyderabad, Telangana

ABSTRACT:
Background: A self medication is most common in almost all countries on the globe. The practice of self care is high in both educated and uneducated population .These practice of self medications has both beneficial and potential risk and need proper knowledge towards the self care.
Objectives: The objectives of study were: To know the reason for self medications and to determine the practice of self medication for various illness and use of over -the -counter drugs
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a validated self-administered, questionnaire was used to collect data among pharmacy students.
Results: Of the 117 students, 36 were males and 81 were females. Out of 117 students, 53 students practice self medications for minor illness and remaining reported  various reasons for self care. Most commonly consumed OTC medications are analgesics for fever and pain.

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S. Dhivya*, DR. A. N. Rajalakshmi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences,  Gorimedu, Puducherry-605006, India.

ABSTRACT:
Design and development of herbal nanoparticles has become a frontier research in the nanoformulation arena. Curcumin is the main bioactive component contained in Curcuma longa, largely employed in traditional medicine. Recently, beneficial properties, useful for prevention and treatment of several disorders, have been discovered for this compound. Although curcumin has shown therapeutic efficacy against many human ailments, one of the major problems with curcumin is its poor bioavailability, which appears to be primarily due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. Therefore introduction of nanotechnology provides a solution towards increased bioavailability of curcumin. In this review, the various methods of preparation of curcumin nanoparticles are briefly discussed.