Articles

About Author: P. Sai Praveen*, G. Devala Rao, B. Anupama, V. Jagathi
K. V. S. R Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vijayawada - 520 010.

Abstract:
A simple and sensitive spectroflourimetric method has been developed for the estimation of Darifenacin in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Beers law was obeyed in the range of 1 – 5 µg/ml in methanol at an excitation wavelength (λex) of 292nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 314nm with good correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ) for this method are 0.138 and 0.418 µg/ml respectively and the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision was 0.71% and inter-day precision was 1.07%. Stability studies with respect to time and temperature were also carried out. The results obtained were in good agreement with the labelled amounts of the marketed formulations. This method has been statistically evaluated and found to be accurate and precise.

About Author: Debashish Satpathy
Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Berhampur
Odisha

Protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases.

Classification Proteases are currently classified into six groups:
Serine proteases
Threonine proteases
Cysteine proteases
Aspartic acid proteases
Metalloproteases
Glutamic acid proteases

About Author:
Vipra Adlakha, Sunita Nirban, Sunil Kumar
Lord Shiva College of Pharmacy,
Sirsa,
Haryana

Abstract
Transdermal drug technology specialists are continuing to search for new methods that can effectively and painlessly deliver larger molecules in therapeutic quantities to overcome the difficulties associated with the oral route, namely poor bioavailability due to hepatic metabolism (first pass) and the tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (both high and low). As all the drugs do not meet the physicochemical properties required for transdermal drug delivery. So, these techniques are required. Although addition of penetration enhancers increases permeation of drugs but that is not sufficient to ensure delivery of therapeutically effective concentration of drug therefore, several new active rate controlled TDDS technologies (drug and vehicle drug selection, vesicles and particles, Horney layer modified, Horney layer bypassed, Electrically driven and some other techniques) are being employed. This review article covers most of the new active transport technologies involved in enhancing the transdermal permeation into an effective DDS.

About Author: Saurabh Jain.*1, M.D.Kharya and Jain Aakansha2
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
2 Department of Microbiology
Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar (M.P.), India.470003

Abstract
Due to increasing resistance to existing synthetic antimicrobial agents, herbal drugs are being looked as importance source for treating various ailments related to skin infections and also for the discovery of new antimicrobial molecules for their synthesis. Cassia tora is a well known plant possessing wide range of pharmacological activities. It has been used in India as folk remedy in the form of decoctions and infusions to treat bacterial and fungal infections and also claimed to be effective against variety of skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, wounds etc. Although this plant, particularly its seeds have been reported to have antimicrobial activities, but no targeted and specific study has been reported. The present investigation was carried out to study this unexplored area of this drug. As the seeds of C. tora possess good antimicrobial activity, it was thought worked to scientifically explore its potential on microorganisms effecting human beings especially on skin, so that safe and effective herbal treatment can be developed for the same.

About Author: Shishir Tripathi
M.Pharm-Pharmaceutics
Department of Pharmacy,
Barkatullha University,
Bhopal-462026, M.P., India

Abstract
According to the Migraine Research Foundation, migraine ranks in the top 20 of the world’s most disabling medical illnesses with more than 10 percent of the population, including children, suffering from the migraine. Sumatriptan Succinate is a choice of drug used for the treatment of migraine when received at oral dose its bioavailability is approximately 14%. Considering the low bioavailability after oral and intranasal administration, due to presystemic metabolism and incomplete absorption as well as additional inconveniences associated with parenteral and oral administration, the exploitation of an alternative route of sumatriptan delivery, such as transdermal administration (topical gel)—could be sort out mentioned problem and enhance its therapeutic benefit up to most possible extent. Topical delivery systems of Sumatriptan succinate gel were formulated using polymers like HPMC, Carbopol 934 and Pectin and penetration enhancers like eucalyptus oil, menthol and oleic acid. The gels were evaluated for various parameters such as homogeneity, grittiness, extrudability, in vitro drug release, viscosity, pH, spreadability and drug content. The release rate of the gel was found to obey koresmeyer peppas kinetics. It can be concluded that HPMC gel has properties similar to marketed preparation and eucalyptus oil acts as a good penetration enhancer in Sumatriptan gels as compare to menthol and oleic acid.

About Author: Neeraj Kumar Garg*1, Pankaj Khatri1, Sangeeta Gupta2, N. Ganesh2
1. School of pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal, Jagatpura, Jaipur (Raj.)
2. Incharge, Department of research, jawahar lal Nehru cancer Hospital and Research centre, Idgah hills Bhopal 462001 (M.P.)

Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder currently without an effective treatment. Impairment of memory is the initial and most significant symptom of Alzheimer disease (AD). The present study was under taken to investigate the effect of Selaginella bryopteris (popularly known as sanjeevani, Family: Selaginellaceae) on learning and memory. Two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) of methanolic extract of Selaginella bryopteris were administered for 7 successive days in separate group of animals. The dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. of the methanolic extract of Selaginella bryopteris significantly improved learning and memory of mice. Antioxidant property of Selaginella bryopteris may be contributing favourably to the memory enhancement effect. However, further studies are necessitated to identify the exact mechanism of action. In the present investigation of Selaginella bryopteris have shown promising memory enhancing agent in the entire laboratory models employed.

About Author: Ambrish Singh
B.Pharma, M.Tech (Biotech)
Anna University,
Chennai

Abstract
Products which degrade upon disposal by the action of living organisms are called 'biodegradable products”. They can be broken down into their constituent natural elements and be absorbed by the environment. There has been a lot of progress in the production of biodegradable products from biopolymers such as starch, cellulose, lactic acid, glycolic acid etc. Biopolymers have a vast range of applications in the production of eco- friendly products such as bioplastics, biopots, biodegradable medical devices, biodegradable implants and drug delivery systems. Using biodegradable products is very important for making the environment “Green”. Advanced techniques in biotechnology have been used to produce genetically modified organisms. These genetically modified organisms are used in the production of biopolymers. Biopolymers help to produce biodegradable products in large quantities at a very low cost. Therefore focusing research in these areas will help to completely avoid the usage of non biodegradable products in future.

About Author: Mr. Naresh. M. Reddy
PG Diploma (Cheminformatics),
Nizam College, Osmania University
Hyderabad.

Abstract
Oral strontium ranelate is an alternative oral treatment, belonging to a class of drugs called dual action bone agents. The objective of this investigation was to characterize and determine the effect of the Strontium ranelate on Calcium sensor receptor (CASR) which is an important protein involved Osteophoresis. Homology modeling of CASR has been performed based on the crystal structure of the 2E4U (Chain A) by using Modeller software. With the aid of the molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics methods, the final model is obtained and is further assessed by procheck and verify 3D graph programs, which showed that the final refined model is reliable. With this model, a flexible docking study of CASR with a group of Ranelic acids were selected from the previous publications was performed. The results indicated that VAL1,SER18,SER2,GLU241 in CASR are important determinant residues in binding as they have strong hydrogen bonding with Ranelic acids. These hydrogen binding interactions play an important role for stability of the complex. Among the 15 compunds, 6th showed best docking result. Our results may be helpful for further experimental investigations.