Articles

About Authors:
Md. Sofiqul Islam, Madhusudan N. Purohit
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
JSS college of Pharmacy, Mysore 570015

Quinoline and its derivatives are well  known for their antimalarial and antibacterial propertites. A number of quinoline derivatives are known to possess antimicrobial, antitumor, antifungal, hypotensive, anti HIV, analgesics and anti-inflamatory activites. Application of quinoline derivative are fast spreading from antimalarial drugs to almost every branch of medicinal chemistry. Substitution of halogen group in a suitable position of a bioactive molecule is found to exert a profound pharmacological effect.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
V. Karuna Sree*, G. Ramesh , T. Prathusha Showri, B. Sudheer Kumar, D. Chaitanya Kumar.
* Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy
K.V.S.R.Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical sciences,
Vijayawada-10, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract:
The  present study  was  carried  out  to  evaluate  the anti-microbial  &  anti-helmentic  activity  of  both  alcoholic  and  water  extract  of  the  whole  plant Acalypha  indica  belongs  to  the family Euphorbiaceae . The alcoholic  and  water  extract  of  whole  plant  of  Acalypha  indica was investigated  for  its  in vitro anti-microbial  activity  by  agar  diffusion  method  &  anti-helmentic  activity  . The  crude alcoholic  and  water  extract  of  plant  inhibited  the  growth  of  both  gram-positive  bacteria   and  gram-negative  bacteria  . The gram-negative  bacteria  tested appeared  to  be  more  susceptible  to  the  extract  than  the  gram-positive  bacteria. The alcohol extract also showed significant anti-helmentic activity  against Pheretima  posthuma . The anti-microbial  &  anti-helmentic  activity  of  both  alcoholic  and  water  extract  by  comparing  with  standard  Streptomycin & Albendazole respectively.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Amar Nagesh Kumar¹, Reena jose², Praswetha Reddy³
1 Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, SSR Medical College, Mauritius
2 M. Sc Biotechnology, Yogi Vemana University
3 M. Sc Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi P.G College, Guntur

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the given samples of DNA qualitatively and quantitatively and know its purity and concentration.

 BACKGROUND
Quantification of nucleic acids is commonly used in molecular Biology to determine the concentration of DNA and RNA present in the mixture As subsequent reaction or protocols using the nucleic acids sample of a required particular amount of optical performance. Both DNA and RNA exhibit strong absorbance of UV due to the presence of conjugated double bonds of the constant purine and pyramidine bases and these have characteristics of OD (optical density)of absorbance maximum at 260nm which is linearly related with the concentration  of the DNA in the solution up to the OD value of 2 . The spectroscopic method is used to check the purity of DNA. Proteins are the major contaminants in the nucleic acid extracts and these have the maximum absorbance at 280nm. Value less than 1.8 signifies the presence of proteins as impurities.

About Authors: Firoj Alam*, Vipra tomar, Ameena khatoon
Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University,
Lucknow (U.P.)

ABSTRACT
Cardioprotection and prevention of cell ischemia/necrosis have been therapeutic targets for a long time. New therapies are needed to treat myocardial ischemia because current treatmenthas only its own limitation on survival and annual costs. The fruit is reported to have hepatoprotective, purgative, choleretic, and hypotensive effects. In a clinical study, Terminalia belerica was found to possess antispasmodic, anti-asthmatic and anti-tussive effects. The fruit extracts of Terminalia belerica have been evaluated for anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 activity. The plant is known to lower the levels of lipid in hypercholesterolemic animals and thus  prevent the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction; Triphla and Terminalia belerica reduced the serum glucose level and showed marked antioxidant properties in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Polyphenols with proteins may be the probable cause of the inhibitory. Gallic acid: 3,4,5- trihydroxybenzoic acid is demonstrable the hepatoprotective action extract of Terminalia belerica. The presence of saponins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, tannins and proteins show the analgesic agent used in the management of chronic pain. Phenolic contents of T. bellerica having antioxidant activity.and reduced the level of cholestrol.and also reduced the serum trasminase, and bilirubin. Due to high efficacy and low toxicity and its anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipedemic, Antihypercholesterolemic and cardiotonic effects, it will provide an accessible and cheaptraditional medicine source for treatment of cardiac disease in developing countries.

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About Author: Rahul Sharma (M.Pharm - Pharmaceutics)
Lord Shiva College of Pharmacy, Sirsa, Haryana (India)

Abstract:
Bioanalysis, employed for the quantitative determination of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids, plays a significant role in the evaluation and interpretation of bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic (PK), and toxicokinetic studies. The quality of these studies, which are often used to support regulatory filings, is directly related to the quality of the underlying bioanalytical data ⁽¹⁾.  It is essential to employ well-characterized and fully validated analytical methods to yield reliable results which can be satisfactorily interpreted as well as to emphasize that each analytical technique has its own characteristics, which will vary from analyte to analyte ⁽²⁾.

About Author: *Ghadage Ratnadeep V., Shah Vishal V., Bapat Bhushan A., Shirote Pramod J.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy,
South Shivaji Nagar, Sangli, Maharashtra, India - 416 416

Abstract:
Quinoxaline and its derivatives are an important class of benzoheterocycles displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities which have made them privileged structures in pharmacologically active compounds.Quinoxaline also called benzopyrazine it has been considered as a wonder nucleus which posses almost all types of biological activities. This diversity in the biological response profile has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore this skeleton to its multiple potential against several activities. They are clinically effective as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-tubercular and antineoplastic agents. Interestingly, it also shows anti-HIV and anti-proliferative activity. Modification in their structure has offered a high degree of diversity that has proven useful for the development of new therapeutic agents having improved potency and lesser toxicity. Considering the extensive research on quinoxaline in the past, it was essential to review the wide spectrum of biological activity of quinoxalines. To conclude, this review will be beneficial for new drug discovery of quinoxaline moiety. Present article is sincere attempt to review wide range of biological activities of quinoxline moiety  given by researcher.

About Author: Binit V. Patel1*, D. S. Patel2
1. Sri Satya Sai College of Pharmacy - Sehore
2. Shree Leuva Patel Trust Pharmacy Mahila College – Amreli

Metoprolol tartrate is a selective β1 adrenergic antagonist. It lacks interensic sympathomimetic activity and to have little or no membrane stabilizing activity and is widely used to treat essential hypertension. It completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract but is subjected to considerable first pass metabolism and half life is 3 to 4 hr.

The objective for the designing mucoadhesive microspehere is to release the drug over extended period of time in order to avoid first pass metabolism for improving in bioavailability and improve patient compliance.

About Author: Amarjeet Singh¹, Dharmendra Kumar², Jatin Sharma², Dr. H. S. Lamba³
1. Subharamania Bharti College Of Science& Technology, Board of Technical Education, Delhi
Holambi Khurd, Delhi-82
2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University
NH-58 modipuram, Meerut, U.P India
3.H.R.Institute of Pharmacy, U.P. Technical University
Morta,Ghaziabad,U.P.India

Abstract
Flax (also known as common flax or linseed, binomial name: Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum of the family Linaceae. Its origin is uncertain,but it is regarded as indigenous to India.It is cultivated extensively as a source of fibres in Egypt,Algeria,Spain,Italy and Greece while as a source of oil in Turkey, Afghanistan and India.In Russia, it is cultivated for both oil and fibre.Flax seeds come in two basic varieties: (1) brown; and (2) yellow or golden. Most types have similar nutritional characteristics and equal amounts of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Linseed  contains numerous beneficial components includingalpha-linolenic acid (ALA), cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin, linustatin, neolinustin), unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), soluble flaxseed fiber mucilage (D-xylose, L-galactose, L-rhamnose, d-galacturonic acid), lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG)), monoglycerides, triglycerides, free sterols, sterol esters, hydrocarbons (protein), phenylpropane derivatives.