Articles

16 January 2012

In-Silico Study of Influences of Electronegativity Features on the Pharmacological and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Salbutamol

About Authors:
NIKHIL SAXENA, DR.K.R.PARDASANI, DR.USHA CHAUHAN
MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BHOPAL

ABSTRACT
The electro negativity of the drug directly resembles its chemical nature towards the receptor. In order to achieve the desired response, the effective binding of drug is necessary. Based on the Lock key theory, every drug having a specific structure so that it can bind to a specific receptor. But for designing more efficient a new chemical entity for receptor as compared to the main drug, there is a requirement of some structural changes in the drug (ligand) molecules under structure activity relationship concept.
Here an attempt has been made to develop Insilco approach to make some structural changes on the basis of point mutation (changes occurs at a particular point) in the antiasthmatic drug namely salbutamol.
The effect of this mutation on binding affinity of the molecule is studied using docking energy (energy involved in orientation of one molecule to a second are when bound to each other to form a stable complex) calculations and logp values. Here eight different structures of the drug found are more electronegative as compared to the main drug candidate. Mutation was made at C-3a position in place of hydrogen. These were analyzed for binding affinity with target receptor. The mutated molecules which have high logp values and less energy are selected for further adme properties studies. Thus after prediction all adme properties and toxicity studies of the mutated drugs, the best mutation was bromine in place of hydrogen at C-3a position.
13 January 2012

A REVIEW REPORT ON: COATING OF SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES

About Authors:
KAPIL V BIYANI¹, DR.P.S. KAWTIKWAR², N. M. MAHAJAN³
1. M.Pharm, IBSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
BULDHANA ROAD, MALKAPUR (M.S)
2. HOD, SNIOP, PUSAD
3. HOD, IBSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
BULDHANA ROAD, MALKAPUR (M.S)

Introduction^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Capsule is the most versatile of all dosage forms. Capsules are solid dosage forms in which one or more medicinal and inert ingredients are enclosed in a small shell or container usually made of gelatin. There are two types of capsules, “hard”and“soft”. The hard capsule is also called “two pieces” as it consists of two pieces in the form of small cylinders closed at one end, the shorter piece is called the “cap” which fits over the open end of the longer piece, called the “body”. The soft gelatin capsule is also called as “one piece”. Capsules are available in many sizes to provide dosing flexibility. Unpleasant drug tastes and odors can be masked by the tasteless gelatin shell. The administration of liquid and solid drugs enclosed in hard gelatin capsules is one of the most frequently utilized dosage forms.

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12 January 2012

EFFECT OF RHIZOBIUM SEED INOCULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF GREEN GRAM, BENGAL GRAM AND GROUNDNUT CROPS

About Authors:
Dr. M.B.SULOCHANA, PRASHANTH GADGI
Department of Biotechnology,
Gulbarga University,
Gulbarga, Karnataka,India

ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer on performance of Green gram, Bengal gram and Groundnut. Investigations were done in pot culture experiment under natural conditions. The research material consists of Green gram, Bengal gram and Groundnut varieties with treatment of seeds and Nitrogen fertilizer at 60kg/ha for green gram and Bengal gram, 120kg/ha for Groundnut. These treatments were compared against control (no inoculation). Data were recorded on Plant Growth parameters (seed germination, nodulation index, plant height at maturity, wet weight and dry weight) and soil nitrogen levels at the end of experiment. Among all treatments plant with seed inoculation was found effective in all three legume varieties compared to soil with nitrogen fertilizer and control.
10 January 2012

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE FLOATING MICROSPHERES

About Authors:
RAVIKUMAR R. PATEL¹, Dr. JAYVADAN K. PATEL²
¹ Research Scholar, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur
² Principal and Professor, Nootan Pharmacy College, Visnagar, Mehsana, Gujarat.

AIM OF PRESENT INVESTIGATION
Now a day most of the pharmaceutical scientists are involved in developing an ideal drug delivery system with an objective of not only curing the disease but also to achieve patient compliance. Approximately 50 % of the drug delivery system available in market is oral drug delivery system. Conventional oral dosage forms provide a specific drug concentration in systemic circulation without offering any control over drug delivery. Over the past three decades, the pursuit and exploration of devices designed to be retained in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract has advanced consistently in terms of technology and diversity, encompassing a variety of systems and devices such as floating systems.
9 January 2012

Preparation of disintegration tablet using Cucurbita maxima pulp powder as disintegration

About Authors:
Madhu dwivedi, Rishabha Malviya
Department of pharmaceutical technology
MIET,MEERUT

Introduction:
Natural polymer: A number of natural or partially modified polymers were screened for mucoadhesive properties by routinely measuring the force of detachment for swollen polymer films from pig intestinal mucosa in a saline medium. Suprisingly, hydroxypropyl- and carboxymethylcellulose showed almost no mucoadhesion, whereas the cationic polymer chitosan was fairly mucoadhesive in comparison to Polycarbophil as a reference substance. It is suggested that a strict difference be made between mucoadhesion of dry polymers on a wet tissue in air, and mucoadhesion of a swollen hydrogel in the presence of a third liquid phase. Cationic polymers should be further investigated with respect to possibly improved mucoadhesive properties in a neutral or slightly alkaline environment.
6 January 2012

An overview on Intellectual Property Rights and How these useful for Pharma students and researchers

About Author:
Eswara murali S,
M.S PHARM.,
National Institute Of Pharmaceutical Education and Reseach (NIPER)
IICB (CSIR)
Kolkata, India

Abstract:
Intellectual Property Rights(IPRs) are becomming an essential knowlede for the all types of subjects espicially for the pharma students and researchers. If want to run with the compition in the world one should get the knowledge and utilise these IPRs, if you want to get benifit from these IPRS, you not need to be an IPR expert, at least having a basic knowledge is sufficient to enjoy the benifits of IPRs, espicially PATENTS for pharma students.
6 January 2012

Effect of Convolvulus Pluricaulis in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder using Animal models

About Authors:
Revathy subramani, Anand M., Muralidharan P.
Department of pharmacology,
C.L. Baid metha college of pharmacy,
Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600097,
India

Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCDs) involve habitual, repetitive behaviors that can be bizarre, disruptive and eventually disabling and it is characterized by intrusive thoughts. Aim of this study is to investigate the methanolic extracts of convolvulus pluricaulis (MECP) action on OCD with animal models by using invivo pharmacological evaluations such as Marble burying behavior, Hole board test, Rota-rod test using mice. These tests are well-accepted paradigm to screen anti-compulsive activity and it also reflects an anxiety-like responses. In this study we used seven groups of mice all the three tests were made on the seven groups. First group serves as control. Second and third groups were treated with 15 mg/Kg and 30 mg/Kg of fluoxetine which is a standard drug and also it is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs). Then fourth and fifth groups were treated with 2.5 mg/Kg and 5 mg/Kg of diazepam which is an anxiolytic-sedative drug useful in the symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension states it serves as a negative control. Sixth and seventh groups were treated with 200 mg/Kg and 400 mg/Kg MECP the results show that the MECP can modulate serotonin or dopaminergic levels, which is the major pathway of OCD pathophysiology. Involvement of the serotonergic or dopaminergic receptors for its effect on OCD has been planned based on this study.

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5 January 2012

Anti Inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Acacia leucophloea Roxb stem bark

About Authors:
Rajesh Gupta¹*, Arun Kumar², Aiswarya G³ , Santanu Roychowdhury¹
¹Department of Pharmacognosy,
Sri Sai College of pharmacy, Dalhousie road,
Badhani, Pathankot-145001,
Punjab, India.
²Department of Pharmacy,
BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya,
Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat
Haryana,India
³JDT Islam College of Pharmacy,
Vellimadukunnu, Calicut,
Kerala, India

ABSTRACT
The plant Acacia leucophloea Roxb is reported to have great medicinal value in Indian medicine. The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening of Acacia leucophloea Roxb, stem bark in vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract by using Carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet –induced granuloma model.The cotton pellet granuloma method is widely used to evaluate the transudative and proliferative components of the chronic inflammation. The moist weight of the cotton pellet correlates with the transuda; the dry weight of the pellet correlates with the amount of the granulomatous tissue. Administration of stem bark methanol extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. and phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg b.w.) appears to be effective in inhibiting the dry weight of the cotton pellet. These data support the hypothesis of the greater effect of the extract on the inflammation mediators in the immediate response of inflammation in rats.
3 January 2012

Stomach Specific Mucoadhesive-A Review

About Authors:
Shalini Sharma, Manoj Prashar
Manav Bharti University,
Solan

ABSTRACT
Stomach specific mucoadhesive drug delivery system(MADDS) is one of the most prominent and latest system which sustain drug blood concentration and controlling the rate of drug delivery to the target tissue. These systems interact with mucin molecule and mucous layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface and prolong the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and thus contribute to improve or better therapeutic performance of drug. This review article also present the polymer used for preparation of mucoadhesive tablet, mechanism of mucoadhesion, factor affecting mucoadhesion and recent developments or techniques in formulation of mucoadhesive tablet and invitro and invivo evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets.
3 January 2012

INTERNET PHARMACY REGULATIONS ON MARKETING DRUGS DIRECTLY TO CUSTOMER

About Authors:
Jomy Joy, Dr. Anantha Nagappa
Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Manipal University,
Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
In the age of information, the applications of business have become not only simple but also of high impact. The impact of internet on society can be felt by popularity of social media like Facebook, twitter, orkut etc. The application of internet to access drugs and diagnostics which begin early in advent of infoage has matured into portals or virtual drugs stores popularly known as internet pharmacy. The advent of internet pharmacy and access of drugs and diagnostics is gaining popularity due to cost effectiveness, high speed delivery to door step of patients. The patient can order medicines from their own home in privacy.