Articles

About Authors:
AK Hafeez, MA Akheel, A Ashfaque, NK Meera
Dept of Pharmacy Practice,
VIPS,
Bangalore, India

Abstract
Aim: To study the prescribing pattern for the treatment of Dengue in tertiary care hospital in Bangalore.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried on prescribing pattern of drugs for the treatment of dengue in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Bangalore. This study included hundred patients both male and female in the age group of 1 – 70 years, the prescriptions were analysed for the drug therapy given.
Results:The results show that the most commonly prescribed class of drugs were antipyretic (99%), anti-ulcer (95%), antibiotics (69%) and anti emetic (40%). In addition, supplementary treatment was also observed. 100% of suffered population was treated with IV fluids. Since a specific treatment is not available for Dengue, the patients were treated symptomatically.
Conclusion:This survey highlights the demands for a more specific treatment, lest it leads to another epidemic break in the country.

About Authors:
Ipshita Chattopadhyaya, Ekta Malhotra
Department of Pharmacy,
Jaipur National University,
Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT
⁽¹⁾The developments in column packing technology and suitable equipment paved the way for what is now called High Performance or High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The new technique provided much higher resolution, more accurate quantitative results, as well as shorter analysis times in comparison to the earlier techniques .During the sixties, new theoretical insights accompanied by important. Since its introduction, HPLC has evolved into an indispensable tool in many analytical laboratories and is applied to diverse analytical problems. Actually, HPLC refers to a number of separation techniques that use a liquid mobile phase, or eluent. Troubleshooting HPLC instrumentation and separations require a fundamental understanding of how the instrument functions and how the separation works. ⁽²⁾This article provides a practical guide to common HPLC problems, along with more in-depth information to help the reader understand the relationships between the observed symptoms and the underlying causes. The practical approach presented here is meant to serve as both a troubleshooting guide and an HPLC learning tool.

About Authors:
Kataria Sahil, Aggarwal Ashutosh, Middha Akanksha, Sandhu Premjeet
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan,
INDIA

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood.
There are three major types of diabetes:
•    Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.

•    Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise.

About Authors:
Sandhu Premjeet¹, 2,Rathore Devashish², Kataria Sahil¹ , Middha Akanksh^1
1Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
² School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RGPV University campus,
Bhopal, M.P, INDIA

ABSTRACT
The blood – brain barrier (BBB) has always presented a challenge to scientists for brain drug targeting . the BBB evolved in such a way that it protects the brain from various foreign substance such as neurotoxins. This mechanism makes the BBB an insurmountable . This mechanism makes BBB an insurmountable barrier for numerous highly essential drugs , including antibiotics, cytostatics and other CNS active drug Drugs may be administered directly into the CNS or administered systematically (e.g. by intravenous injection) for targeted action in the CNS. The major challenge to CNS drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the access of drugs to the brain substance. Various strategies that have been used for manipulating the blood-brain barrier for drug delivery to the brain include osmotic and chemical opening of the blood-brain barrier as well as the use of transport/carrier systems. Other strategies for drug delivery to the brain involve bypassing the BBB. Various pharmacological agents have been used to open the BBB and direct invasive methods can introduce therapeutic agents into the brain substance. It is important to consider not only the net delivery of the agent to the CNS, but also the ability of the agent to access the relevant target site within the CNS. Various routes of administration as well as conjugations of drugs, e.g. with liposomes and nanoparticles are considered. Some routes of direct administration to the brain are non-invasive such as transnasal route whereas others involve entry into the CNS by devices and needles such as in case of intrathecal and intracerebroventricular delivery.

About Authors:
Anil kumar
Jubilant chemsys Limited, Noida-201301
Babu Banarsi Das National Institute of Technology and Management
Akhilash Das Nagar, Lucknow

Abstract
Presence of moisture influences chemical stability, crystal structure, powder flow, compaction lubricity, dissolution rate, and polymer film permeability in solid dosage forms and lead to growth of microorganisms, change in thixotropy in semi-solid dosage forms. Moreover, unit operations obviously depending on the amount and state of water present are also influenced by it. Therefore, moisture influences the properties of individual active ingredients and excipients, and it is essential to characterize the effect of moisture on these individual components. This article lay emphasis on determination of moisture by various methods and illustrates the changes induced by moisture on several product and process attributes

About Authors:
Kaushal Chovatiya, D.R. Mundhada
Agnihotri College of Pharmacy, Wardha,
Maharashtra, India.

Abstract:
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional cancer therapies cause serious side effects and, at best, merely extend the patient’s lifespan by a few years. Cancer control may therefore benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The demand to utilize alternative concepts or approaches to the treatment of cancer is therefore escalating. There is compelling evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that highlight the importance of compounds derived from plants “phytochemicals” to reduce the risk of colon cancer and inhibit the development and spread of tumors in experimental animals. More than 25% of drugs used during the last 20 years are directly derived from plants, while the other 25% are chemically altered natural products. Still, only 5-15% of the approximately 250,000 higher plants have ever been investigated for bioactive compounds. The advantage of using such compounds for cancer treatment is their relatively non-toxic nature and availability in an ingestive form. An ideal phytochemical is one that possesses anti-tumor properties with minimal toxicity and has a defined mechanism of action. As compounds that target specific signaling pathways are identified, researchers can envisage novel therapeutic approaches as well as a better understanding of the pathways involved in disease progression. Plant derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer agents. Several anticancer agents including taxol, vinblastine, vincristine and topotecan are in clinical use all over the world. A number of promising agents such as combrestatin, betulinic acid and silvesterol are in clinical or preclinical development.An attempt has been made to review some medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of cancer and recent state of development of anticancer drugs regarding Natural Products.

About Authors:
Ali K. Akhtar, Waquar A. Khan,Lubna azmi
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Integral University Lucknow,
India

Abstact:
The broad and potent activity of benzofuran has established it as one of the biological importent scaffold. This article is covered the methods of synthesis of benzofuran and its derivatives, structural activity relationship and pharmacological activities so it is an effort to highlight the importance of the benzofuran in the present context and promise they hold for the future.

About Authors:
Vinay Mishra, Shilpi Bhargava
Advance Institute of Biotech and Paramedical Sciences,
Kanpur

Introduction:
Delivering medicine to the general circulation through the skin is seen as a desirable alternative to taking it by mouth. Patientsoften forget to take their medicine, and even the most faithfullycompliant get tired of swallowing pills, especially if theymust take several each day. Additionally, bypassing the gastrointestinal(GI) tract would obviate the GI irritation that frequently occursand avoid partial first-pass inactivation by the liver. Further,steady absorption of drug over hours or days is usually preferableto the blood level spikes and troughs produced by oral dosageforms.¹

About Authors:
PIYUSH PARASAR
SPS I.T.E.R BHUBANESWAR,
INDIA

INTRODUCTION- 
CANCER A DARKER SIDE OFLIFE LITERALLY MEANS A HOPE TO LIVE FURTHER GET DIMINISHED IN THE CASE OF CANCER. MAN HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO THE CHANGING SURROUNDING EVER SINCE HE CAME INTO EXISTENCE.IN THE PROCESS HE IS VULNERABLE TO THE NUMBER OF FATAL DISEASE AMONG WHICH CANCER IS A DREADED MALADY NEXT TO CARDIOVASCULAR  DISEASE. IT IS KNOWN TO ALL OF US THAT DEATH IS INEVITABLE BECAUSE IT IS A VICIOUS CYCLE OF THE NATURE. BUT THIS TYPE OF ESOTERIC DISEASE MAKES OUR LIVES FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX. SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE IN THE CONCEPT OF AS YOU SOW SOW YOU SHALL REAP ESPECIALLY IN INDIA. THESE ARE ALL SPECULATIONS OF OUR WAY OF THINKING AND THOUGHTS. IN MAJORITY OF CASES WE HAVE SEEN THAT DUE TO OUR MODERN LIFESTYLE WE GET SUFFERED FROM THESE TYPE OF DISEASE.