Articles

About Authors:
H.S.Sawwalakhe*, J.M.Maidankar, M.A.Channawar, Dr.A.V. Chandewar
P. W. College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal,
Amravati university
*hemant_11sep@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The demand for mouth dissolving tablets has been growing during the last decade especially for elderly and children who have swallowing difficulties. Chlorpheniramine maleate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) histamine H1 antagonist with antihistamine drug it is commonly used  in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. The main criteria for mouth dissolving tablets are to disintegrate or dissolve rapidly in oral cavity with saliva in 15sec to 60sec with need of water. The disintegrants used should fulfill the criteria by disintegrating the tablets in specified time limit.in the present investigation variety of super disintegrants Crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate,kyron t-314 , were selected and tablets were prepared by direct compression method in different concentration like 3%,6% and 8%. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, in vitro dissolution study, etc.formulation f-9 shows the lowest disintegration time (29sec) and wetting time (37sec). In vitro dissolutionstudies revealed that formulation F-9 containning 9% t-314  showed 98% drug release at the end of 10 min.

About Authors:
Rawat Pinki^1*, Rawat Preeti², Kumar Piyush³ Kanoujia Jovita³, Singh Sangeeta ¹
1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Unnao, U.P., India.
2.  L.T.R. College Of Technology, Meerut, U.P., India.
3. Curadev Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Kanpur, U.P., India.
*pnkrawat@gmail.com

Abstract:
Selective estrogen receptor modulators, called SERMs for short, blocks the naturally circulating estrogen in breast tissues and other estrogen-sensitive tissues in the body. Each estrogen receptor has a slightly different structure, depending on the kind of cell it is in. If a SERM binds to a estrogen receptor, there is no site available for estrogen to bind and it can't attach to the cell. SERMs are called "selective" because they bind to particular estrogen receptors. This selective binding action is sometimes called estrogen inhibition, or estrogen suppression.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
¹ Shashi Kant^*,Satinder Kumar, Rajender Kumar,
Research scholar department of pharmacy.
² Dr. Bharat Prashar
HOD & Associate professor  Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P)
* shashi_ranaute@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT:-
In this review article, we discussed about Bioavailability and bioequilance study, bioavailability means rate and extent to which active ingredients absorbed from a drug product and become available at site of action. This article provides the information about important aspect involved in bioequivalence and regulatory requirement for bioequivalence study. The rate or rapidity at which drug is absorbed is important consideration in treatment of acute conditions such as asthma attack in pain. Extent of absorption is of special significance in treatment of chronic conditions like hypertension, epilepsy. In this review we discussed all the factors affecting bioavailability from its dosage form, objective/purpose of bioavailability study, design and evaluation of bioequilance study, methods of assessing of bioavailability and bioequilance etc.

About authors:
Gourab Saha^*1, Pankaja Senapati¹, Narahari Sahu², Dr. Sambit Parida³
1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur – 2, Orissa, India.
2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur – 2, Orissa, India.
3. Department of Pharma analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur–2, Orissa, India.
*gourab.pharma2012@gmail.com

Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (Abuta) in male albino rats after intramuscular administration. This was done using the carragenin-induced paw edema method. Methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira showed significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to ibuprofen and indomethacin.

About Authors:
Chauhan M.K., Kawadkar J., Kishore R.^*, Pathak A.M.
Department of Pharmaceutics
DIPSAR, New Delhi
*rajkishor.aryan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This paper discussed the problems associated with nasal drug delivery and how it is possible, sometimes by means of quite simple concepts, to improve transport across the nasal membrane. It also described the advantages, barriers, physicochemical factors, and formulation related parameters that affecting the nasal drug delivery and the applications of nasal route for delivery of peptides, proteins, non-peptide drugs, and vaccines.  In this way it is feasible to deliver efficiently challenging drugs such as small polar molecules, peptides and proteins and even the large proteins and polysaccharides used in vaccines or DNA plasmids exploited for DNA vaccines. The transport of drugs from the nasal cavity directly to the brain is also described. Nasal vaccines offer several benefits, such as low enzymatic degradation compared to oral vaccines, and greater acceptability to patients. Nasal vaccines, however, have to overcome several limitations, including mucociliary clearance. Therefore, nasal vaccines require potent adjuvants and delivery systems to enhance their immunogenicity and to protect their antigens.

About Author:
Mr. Jagmohan Rai Agarwal,
M.Pharm (1968), Industrial experience SSI sector, nearly 37 years,
retired from own Industry (2004),
Founder President of M.P.Pharmacy Graduates’ Association (MPGA),
Ex President: M.P.Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Organisation (MPPMO),
Founder President : M.P. Small Scale Drug Manufacturers’ Association (MPSDMA),
Ex President Indian Pharmaceutical Association, M.P. State Branch, Indore (IPA),
Ex Vice Chairman Confederation of Indian Pharmaceutical Industries (SSI) (CIPI)
Recently submitted thesis for award of  Ph.D. on title “Enforcement of Drug Laws-Globalization vis-à-vis Indian Drug Laws”
(Email: sharda_jollo@yahoo.co.in)

About Authors:
^*Sunil kumar, Amit kumar shahi, Ravi shanker, R. singh, Dr. R. ParthSarthy, Dr S.K. Prajapati
Kamla Nehru institute of technology and management, Sultanpur.
Bundelkhand university, Department of pharmacy, Jhansi
*sunil.sunilpharma.kumar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to design proniosomal powder drug delivery system of flurbiprofen in a trial to overcome the adverse effects associated with oral administration of the drug. Conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of intracellular infection is no more effective due to limited permeation of drug into cell. This can be overcome by the use of vesicular drug delivery system. Encapsulation of a drug in vesicular structure can be predicted to prolong the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation and thus enhance penetration into target tissue and reduce toxicity.Proniosomal powder are generally present in transparent, translucent or white texture, which makes them physically stable during storage and transport. Due to the limited solvent system present, the proniosomes formed were the mixture of many phases of liquid crystal, viz. lamellar, hexagonal and cubic phase liquid crystals.The potential of proniosomes as a transdermal drug delivery system for flurbiprofenwas investigated by encapsulating the drug in various formulations of proniosomal powder composed of various ratios of sorbitan fatty acid esters, cholesterol, prepared by slurry method. The formulated systems were characterized in vitro for size, vesicle count, drug entrapment, drug release profiles and vesicular stability at different storage conditions. Stability studies for proniosomal powder were carried out for 4 weeks. The method of proniosome loading resulted in an encapsulation yield of 30.6 – 75.4%. Proniosomes were characterised by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro studies showed prolonged release of entrapped flurbiprofen. At refrigerated conditions, higher drug retention was observed. It is evident from this study that proniosomes are a promising prolonged delivery system for captopril and have reasonably good stability characteristics.

About Authors:
Mubarak Patel^*, Suresh. V. Kulkarni,
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy,
B. H. Road, Tumkur-572102, Karnataka, India.
*patel.mubarak2@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of the research work was to prepare and evaluate the microspheres of metoclopramide hydrochloride as a model drug by solvent evaporation method with carbopol and HPMC polymers in various proportions. A total of six formulations were prepared i.e. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. The microspheres were evaluated for micromeritic properties, particle size, % yield, Drug content and Drug release. The size or average diameter of prepared microspheres were recognized and characterized by scanning electron microscopic methods. Microspheres were found discrete, spherical and free flowing. They ranged in particle size from 45.6- 52.2 μm. Metoclopramide hydrochloride release from these microspheres was slowed, extended and depended on the type of polymer used. The formulation F2 and F5 showed consistent drug release for up to 12 h time period. Among all the formulations, F2 contains carbopol 934 and F5 containing HPMC showed the reproducible results with best release profile and good surface morphology. Release data were analyzed based on Highuchi kinetics and Korsmeyer/Peppa’s equation and all the selected formulations showed good fit to Peppa’s equation. The work has demonstrated that among all the formulations of microspheres, particularly those of formulation F2 are promising candidates for the sustained release of metoclopramide hydrochloride in the gastrointestinal tract.