Articles

About Authors:
Avisek Mukhopadhyay*, Subhasis Banerjee
Gupta College Of Technological Sciences
M.Pharm(Bit Mesra, Ranchi)
*avisekmukhopadhyay7@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Urbanization, industrialization, changes in lifestyles, population growth and ageing all have contributed for epidemiological transition in the country. The absolute number of new cancer cases is increasing rapidly, due to growth in size of the population, and increase in the proportion of elderly persons as a result of improved life expectancy following control of communicable diseases. In India, the life expectancy at birth has steadily risen from 45 years in 1971 to 62 years in 1991, indicating a shift in demographic profile. It is estimated that life expectancy of Indian population will increase to 70 years by 2021–25. Such changes in the age structure would automatically alter the disease pattern associated with ageing and increase the burden of problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases in the society.The latest global figures show that in 2004, there were 11.4 million cases of cancer diagnosed worldwide, and 75% of these were in Europe, the Americas and the Western Pacific Region. The Western Pacific Region includes China, Malaysia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The lowest numbers of cases were diagnosed in the Eastern Mediterranean region (includes Saudi Arabia, Egypt Iraq, Morocco, Tunisia) and Africa.
There were differences in the top three most common cancers in each region.  The top three included lung cancer in all regions except Africa and included breast cancer in all except for the Western Pacific region. Cervical cancer was in the top three in Africa and South-East Asia only and bowel cancer in the top three for Europe only. Prostate cancer was in the top three in Africa and the Americas.Let us discuss one of the most promising targets of these days, which when overexpressed may cause cancer, i.e.;HISTONE DEACETYLASE.

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About Authors:
Patel Chirag J*, Asija Rajesh, Asija Sangeeta
Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics,
Jaipur, Rajasthan.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Solubility, the phenomenon of dissolution of solute in solvent to give a homogenous system, is one of the important parameters to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for desired pharmacological response. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic development. The insufficient dissolution rate of the drug is the limiting factor in the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble compounds. This review discusses BCS classification, carriers for solubility enhancement and different techniques for solubility enhancement.Various techniques are used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly soluble drugs which include micronization, nanonization, sonocrystallization, supercritical fluid method, spray freezing into liquid and lyophilization, evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution, use of surfactant, use of co-solvent, hydrotropy method, use of salt forms, solvent deposition, solubilizing agents, modification of the crystal habit, co-crystallisation, complexation and drug dispersion in carriers.Selection of solubility improving method depends on drug property, site of absorption, and required dosage form characteristics.With the advent of combinatorial chemistry and a high throughput screening, the number of poorly water soluble compounds has increased solubility. A success of formulation depends on how efficiently it makes the drug available at the site of action.The purpose of this review article is to describe the techniques of solubilization for the attainment of effective absorption with improved bioavailability.

About Authors:
A.SRILAKSHMI^*, AMRUTHA R.E, N.KRISHNA SREE
Department of Pharmacology
P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
*amrutharamapuram@gmail.com

Abstract:
Present study was aimed to evaluate the anthelmentic activity of ethanolic extract of Allophylus serratus against Indian earthworms Pheritima posthuma. The various concentrations of ehanolic extract of Allophylus serratus were tested for paralysis time and death time of the worms. Results revealed that all the concentrations of Allophylus serratus possess anthelmentic activity in a dose dependant manner. Potency of the test samples was found to be inversely proportional to the time taken for paralysis/death of the worms. The activities were comparable with the reference drug Albendazole(20mg/ml). Among the various concentrations of extracts 400mg/ml dose was found to possess promising anthelmentic activity in comparison to other extracts like 100mg/ml,200mg/ml. Phyto constituents of ethanolic extract of Allophylus serratus were found to be Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds,steroids,tri-terpenoids, Glycosides. The present study therefore justifies its use in the folklore remedies as an anthelmentic drug of natural origin.

About Authors:
A.Prameela Rani¹, V.Hema^2*
1University college of pharmaceutical sciences,
Acharya nagarjuna University, Guntur.
^2*KVSR Siddhartha college of pharmaceutical sciences, Vijayawada.
*hemav_pharma@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Epilepsy is a disorder of CNS characterized by paroxysmal cerebral dysrhytmia, manifesting as brief episodes of loss or disturbance of consciousness with or without characteristic body movements, sensory or psychiatric phenomenon.
Some drugs such as felbamate, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, zonisamide, topiramate and pregabalin before consumption their dose and dosage should be checked. All the drugs should be adjusted surely for their dosage especially in renal impairment patients. The present review is on serious effects due to overdosage of various newer anticonvulsants.

About Authors:
Mr. Rajat Kumar Pandeya
M. Pharm., Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
Noida Institute of Engg. & Technology
Greater Noida, India.
rajatkumar.pandeya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT :
Oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Upon introduction into the mouth, these tablets dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth in the absence of additional water for easy administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The popularity and usefulness of the formulation resulted in development of several ODT technologies. This review describes various formulations and technologies developed to achieve fast dissolution/dispersion of tablets in the oral cavity. In particular, this review describes in detail FDT technologies based on lyophilization, molding, sublimation, and compaction, as well as approaches to enhancing the ODT properties, such as spraydrying, moisture treatment, sintering, and use of sugar-based disintegrants. In addition, taste-masking technologies, experimental measurements of disintegration times, and clinical studies are also discussed.

About Authors:
Bhuvnesh^*1, G.Gnanarajan¹, Preeti Kothiyal¹
Department of Pharmacy, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology & Science P.O. Box
80, Patel Nagar , Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand , India¹
*bhuvnesh.grg89@gmail.com

Abstract
Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are gaining importance in the field of pharmaceutical technology as these systems deliver the right dose at specific time at a specific site. A pulsatile drug release, where the drug is released rapidly after a well defined lag-time, could be advantageous for many drugs or therapies.A pulse has to be designed in such a way that a complete and rapid drug release is achieved after the lag time so as to match body’s circadian rhythms with the release of drug which increases the efficacy and safety of drugs by proportioning their peak plasma concentrations during the 24 hours in synchrony with biological rhythm. Pulsatile release systems can be classified in multiple-pulse and single-pulse systems.  Various techniques are available for the pulsatile delivery like pH dependent systems, time dependent systems, etc. A popular class of single-pulse systems is that of rupturable dosage forms. Advantages of the pulsatile drug delivery system are reduced dose frequency; reduce side effects, drug targeting to specific site like colon and many more. Now in market varies technologies of pulsatile drug delivery system like Pulsincap, Diffucaps etc. are launched by pharmaceutical companies.

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About Authors:
¹Shambhawi, ^*Sai Saraswathi V
^1*Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division,
School of Advanced Sciences,
VIT-University, Vellore-632014,
Tamilnadu, India.
¹shambhawi06@yahoo.co.in, * v.saisaraswathi@vit.ac.in

ABSTRACT :
Standardization of polyherbal formulation is important to validate the quality of drugs and to ensure that the consumers are getting medication which guarantees purity, safety, potency and efficacy. The present paper reports standardization of traditional ayurvedic liquid polyherbal antidiabetic formulation (Sucrogen) and diabetes survey for retrieving the information on medication along with the lifestyle of diabetic population. Sucrogen was standardized based on ayurvedic pharmacopeia physico-chemical properties, preliminary phytochemical tests, organoleptic characters, stability studies, microbial studies, TLC, HPLC, heavy metal estimation by AAS and flame photometry to fix the quality standard of this drug. Invitro anti-diabetics activity of the drug was determined using alpha amylase Inhibitory method.These studies resulted in a set of diagnostic characters essential for its standardization. The phytochemical constituents found to be present in raw materials used for the preparation of Sucrogen possibly helps in achieving the desirable therapeutic efficacy of the ayurvedic formulation.
OBJECTIVE
To do a general survey on diabetes and to standardize the polyherbal formulation consumed by the population of Jharkhand for the determination of purity and quality of drug

About Authors:
SHAMBHAWI*, M SHIVASHANKAR
School of Advanced Sciences, Pharmaceutical chemistry division,
VIT University, VELLORE
India

ABSTRACT:
Chitosan has been the subject of interest for its use as a polymeric drug carrier material in dosage form design due to its appealing properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and relatively low production cost from abundant natural sources. Hydrogels are a unique class of macromolecular networks that can hold a large fraction of an aqueous solvent within their structure. The objective of this paper is to give a brief review on the fundamentals and recent advances in chitosan based hydrogel for e.g., thermosensitive hydrogel variants which precludes the need of surgical implantation as well as the description of the release mechanism of bioactive molecules from these hydrogels which traps a drug and then releases the active compound by "Swelling" or expanding inside of specific tissues, thus allowing a higher concentration of the drug in a biodegradable format. This article presents an overview of the newest developments and applications of Chitosan based hydrogel for controlled drug delivery system.