Articles

About Authors:
Roopesh Sachan^1*, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya¹, Patel Chirag J³, Patel Pinkesh³, Devesh Kaushik^4
1*Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
⁴Territory Business Manager, Diabetes Division, Abbott Healthcare Private Limited, Okhla, New Delhi, India- 110020.
*roopeshsachan@gmail.com, +91-9557469989, 9236167104

ABSTRACT:
In the world of pharmaceuticals, there is a vital role for robotics to play in the complicated processes of research and development, production, and packaging. Justification for robots ranges from improved worker safety to improved quality. Speeding up the drug discovery process is another benefit of robotics. Drug Production Robotics plays an important role in the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs because, unlike other industries, pharmaceuticals demand higher speed and accuracy. Devices such as syringes, inhalers, IV bags and diabetes testing kits are made with the help of robotics. There is a great potential for the use of robotics systems in the pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical companies are gradually injecting more robotic systems into their operations.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Pinkesh Patel¹, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar³, Soniya³, Roopesh Sachan³, Gaurav Singh^3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disease of the brain leading to the irreversible loss of neurons and the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory and reasoning, which become severe enough to impede social or occupational functioning. Alzheimer's disease is also known as simply Alzheimer’s, and Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT). During the course of the disease plaques and tangles develop within the structure of the brain. This causes brain cells to die. Patients with Alzheimer's also have a deficiency in the levels of some vital brain chemicals which are involved with the transmission of messages in the brain - neurotransmitters. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. The disease gets worse as it develops - it is a progressive disease. There is no current cure for Alzheimer's, although there are ways of slowing down its advance and helping patients with some of the symptoms. Alzheimer's is also a terminal disease - it is incurable and causes death. According the National Institute on Aging, there are estimated to be between 2.4 million and 4.5 million Americans who have Alzheimer's. β-Secretase is an aspartic-acid protease important in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells. The transmembrane protein contains two active site aspartate residues in its extra cellular protein domain and may function as a dimer.

Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) also known as beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1), memapsin-2 (membrane-associated aspartic protease 2), and aspartyl protease 2 (ASP2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BACE1 gene.Beta-secretase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BACE2 gene. BACE2 is a close homolog of BACE1, a protease known to be an important enzyme involved in the cellular pathways that some believe lead to Alzheimer's disease. The aim of present article is to provide in depth knowledge about probable role of enzymes BACE1 and BACE2 in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An attempt is also made to focus on general overview of Alzheimer’sdisease.

About Authors:
Anuradha Shinde
S.R.T.M. University Nanded,
Maharashtra India
anushindebiotech@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a filamentous fungus useful for the production of heterologous polypeptides, having been modified by recombinant DNA technology in a manner by which the expression of alkaline proteases have been completely or partially inactivated. The invention also encompasses processes for the production of proteins of interest in high yields by using the fungi of the invention. The invention furthermore relates to methods for producing such fungi and DNA constructs to be used in these methods. Extracellular alkaline proteases from Neurospora crassa is produced for the commercial requirement of proteases. The purification procedure consisted of an ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. We found only one enzyme identical by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimization was done with characterization of enzyme. With a pH value of 10.0 and temperature 60 c the enzyme production was increased.

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About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Aquasomes are spherical in shape with 60–300 nm particles size used for drug and antigen delivery. Aquasomes are nanoparticulate carrier systems but instead of being simple nanoparticles these are three layered self assembled structures, comprised of a solid phase nanocrystalline core coated with oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed with or without modification. These structures are self assembled by non covalent and ionic bonds. The solid core provides the structural stability, while the carbohydrate coating protects against dehydration and stabilizes the biochemically active molecules. Properties like protection and preservation of fragile biological molecules, conformational integrity, and surface exposure made it as a successful carrier system for bioactive molecules like peptide, protein, hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites. Three types of core materials are mainly used for producing aquasomes: tin oxide, nanocrystalline carbon ceramics (diamonds) and brushite (calcium phosphate dihydrate). Calcium phosphate is the core of interest, owing to its natural presence in the body. Aquasome deliver their content through specific targeting and slow sustained release process.

About Authors:
Liladhar*
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
ldbudania@gmail.com*

ABSTRACT:
The objective of the present research was to prepare fast disintegrating tablet of Seletracetam because of its application in epilepsy and convulsion related problem. Fast on set of action and avoidance of abundant of water in oral route. Which is highly desirable in this type of disease condition. The effect of formulation and process variables such as hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution and physical characteristics of fast dissolving tablet were examined on optimized drug/super disintegrant ratio by 32 factorial designs. During the work tablets were prepared by direct compression using Kyron T-314 and sodium starch Glycolate as super disintegrant ,where MCC,Lactose monohydrate for direct compression, aspartame as sweetner.The different powder blends were evaluated for pre-formulation parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose,carr’s index,hausner’s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as weight variation, Tablet hardness and tablet friability. In vitro Disintegration test, tablet thickness, in vitro dissolution profile. All the physical characteristics of powder blend and fibrillated tablet were within acceptable limits. The result of Dissolution studies indicated that formulation F7 release 98.70% of drug at 25 min interval which give the most successful of study.F7 batch contain Seletracetam (Drug), SSG(4%), kyron T-314(2%) and other excipients.F7 batch was the optimized batch since it showed of Disintegration time(17sec),friability(0.91%) and %Drug release (98.70%).

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
The transdermal route of drug delivery has gained great interest of pharmaceutical research, as it circumvents number of problems associated with oral route of drug administration. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment the transdermal delivery of bioactives. Mainly, they include electrophoresis, iontophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, microneedles, sonophoresis, and vesicular system like liposomes, niosomes, elastic liposomes such as ethosomes and transfersomes. Among these strategies transferosomes appear promising. A novel vesicular drug carrier system called transfersomes, which is composed of phospholipid, surfactant, and water for enhanced transdermal delivery. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were first introduced in the early 1990s.The system can be characterized by in vitro for vesicle shape and size, entrapment efficiency, degree of deformability, number of vesicles per cubic mm. These carriers can transport pharmacological agents, including large polypeptides, through the permeability barriers, such as the intact skin.

About Authors:
Patel Chirag J^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Pinkesh¹, Umesh Kumar¹, Patel Jaimin¹, Chaudhari Bharat^1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*Mr. Chirag Patel has published various Books, Research and Review articles. His academic works include 35 Publications (2 books was published in Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany & 8 Research Articles and 25 Review Articles was published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals)
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
*chirag.bangalore@gmail.com, +91-8000501871

ABSTRACT:
Transdermal drug delivery system is a type of convenient drug delivery system where drug goes to the systemic circulation through the protective barrier i.e. Skin. Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for topical / transdermal drug delivery. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs.  Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through the skin as compared to liposomes hence these can be used widely in place of liposomes. The increased permeation of ethosomes is probably due to its ethanolic content. Ethanol increases the cell membrane lipid fluidity which results in increased skin penetrability of the ethosomes. These ethosomes permeates inside the skin and fuse with cell membrane lipids and release the drug. Hot and cold methods are used for formulation of ethosomes. Characterizations of ethosomesinclude Particle size, Zeta potential, Differential Scanning Calorimertry (DSC),Entrapment efficiency, Surface tension activity measurement, Vesicle stabilityand Penetration Studiesetc.

About Authors:
Zubair Khalid Labu¹; AK Mohiuddin¹; M.A Bake^*2
1Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh (WUB), Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
^*2Product Development officer, Gonoshasthaya Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka-1344.
zubairlabu@yahoo.com; *abdul.bake@yahoo.com

Abstract
Food is the major source of energy in humans as well as animals. Foods are materials taken into the body by different route which provide nourishment in the form of energy or in the building of tissues. Food contaminants are substances that make food unfit for human consumption. Examples include bacteria, toxic chemicals, carcinogens, teratogens and radioactive materials. The purpose of these studies is to find out the food contaminants which are used in different purposes available in Bangladesh and contaminants detection method. After survey we found that Dhaka is the main city where food contamination by various contaminants in higher percentage. This contamination done by manmade, industrial discharge, poisonous water etc. Government of Bangladesh taking various necessary steps to stop this contamination.

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