• PharmaTutor
    18 October 2012

    ESTIMATION OF TEMOZOLOMIDE BY USING RP-HPLC IN ITS PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

    About Authors:
    Segu Sairam*, Mulla Mahaboob Basha, S Ananda Thangadurai, V Kranthi kumar
    Swamy vivekanandha college of pharmacy, dept. Of pharmaceutical analysis,
    Elayampalayam, tiruchengode – 637205.
    *Sairampharma2020@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    A simple, sensitive and specific method reverse phase - high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) have been developed and validated for the estimation of Temozolomide in its Pharmaceutical dosage form.
    Estimation of Temozolomide by using RP-HPLC coupled with UV
    An isocraticREVERSE PHASE - HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY method was developed and validated for the estimation of Temozolomide in its Pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation of the analytes was performed on aDevelosil ODS MG.5 (150×4.6mm),5µm, with mobile phase containing (0.5% w/v glacial acetic acid) named as Solution-A  :  Methanol  [90 : 10, v / v] was used. The flow rate was 1 ml min-1 and separation was monitored by UV detection at 254 nm. Chromatogram showed peak at a retention time of 7.306 ± 0.009 min. validation of the method for linearity and range, intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, specificity, recovery, ruggedness, robustness and limits of detection and quantification were obtained as 0.598 µg / ml and 1.81 µg / ml respectively. The calibration plot was linear from 20-60 µg ml-1 and the correlation coefficient was 0.999.The proposed method is fast, accurate and precise for the quantitative determination of Temozolomide capsules.

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  • 18 October 2012
    ROLE OF ERLOTINIB IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AS WELL AS PANCREATIC CANCER: A REVIEW

    About Authors:
    Satyanand Tyagi*
    *President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer,
    Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
    Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 49 Publications (41 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 49 publications, 11 are International Publications).
    *sntyagi9@yahoo.com    , +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

    ABSTRACT:
    Erlotinib is a drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and several other types of cancer. It is a reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is marketed in the United States by Genentech and OSI Pharmaceuticals and elsewhere by Roche. In lung cancer, it extends life by an average of 3.3 months at a cost of CDN $ 95,000. The hydrochloride salt of a quinazoline derivative of the drug shows antineoplastic properties. Competing with adenosine triphosphate, erlotinib reversibly binds to the intracellular catalytic domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, thereby reversibly inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation and blocking the signal transduction events and tumorigenic effects associated with EGFR activation. Erlotinib hydrochloride is approved to be used alone or with other drugs to treat:
    * Non-small cell lung cancer that is locally advanced or has metastasized (spread to other parts of the body). It is used in patients who have already been treated with other chemotherapy.
    * Pancreatic cancer. It is used with gemcitabine hydrochloride in patients whose disease cannot be removed by surgery or has metastasized.

    Erlotinib hydrochloride is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. The aim of present article is to provide in depth knowledge about the drug Erlotinib as well as its role in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer as well as pancreatic cancer.The review has also focused about chemistry, pharmacology as well as clinical trial studies of the Erlotinib.

  • 17 October 2012
    Pharmacological Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Plant Solanum XanthocarpumOn Nephrolithiasis Rats

    About Authors:
    Amar Patil*, Shraddha Kanase
    M.Pharm (Pharmacology)    
    Department Of Pharmacology, Tatyasaheb Kore College Of Pharmacy,
    Warananagar. Dist;Kolhapur, India .
    *appatil.tkcp@gmail.com

    Abstract:
    Solanum Xanthocarpumhas been known traditionally in Indian system of medicine for the treatment of various metabolic disease and disorders. Since, the present study was carried out to know its applicability in urolithiasis condition. In the present study, extracts of Solanum Xanthocarpumwas prepared with Ethanol and used for evaluation of antiurolithiatic activity. In this study we systematically evaluated its property by using Ethylene Glycol induced Albinorats. This study also involves state of the art animal model to elucidate its probable mechanism of industrial guidelines of FDA, USA for pre-clinical evaluation of anti-Nephrolithiasis drugs.

  • 17 October 2012
    PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN PATENT IN INDIA

    About Authors:
    Arshad Hala*1, Prof. Rajesh Dholpuria1, Nilesh sovasia1
    1 Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
    Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
    Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
    *Arshad_hala@yahoo.com

    ABSTRACT:
    A patent is one of the forms of intellectual property. The object of patent law is to encourage scientific research, new technology and industrial progress. The grant of exclusive privilege to own, use or sell the method or product patented for a limited period, stimulates new inventions of commercial utility. The price of the grant of the monopoly is the disclosure of the invention at the patent office, which after the expiry of the period of monopoly, passes into public domain. An invention which must be new and useful. It must have novelty and utility. The patents are granted to encourage inventions and to secure that the inventions are worked in India on a commercial scale and to the fullest extent that is reasonable practicable without undue delay. So true inventor required to know how to get patent in india and other countries through his self or legal representative. Without patent no one use, sell, and research on invention.This review looks into procedure to obtain patent in india.

  • 16 October 2012
    NOVEL FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

    About Authors:
    Tyagi Nitin*, Singh Vikram Jeet, Mishra Santosh Kumar
    CARPS, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University,
    Meerut, U.P.(250110), India.
    *nitintyagi27@yahoo.in

    Abstract
    These tablets were introduced in 1980s in the market  and since their introduction in the market the fast dissolving tablets are gaining popularity regularly. Due to their rapid disintegration or dissolution in the oral cavity as they come into contact of saliva normally with in one minute, without the use of water these provides patient compliance particularly to the pediatric, geriatric ,bedridden patients and for patients who are very much busy in travelling and does not have easy access to water. The present article aims on the recent advancements in the fast dissolving tablets and provides a good information about the advantages,limitations, mechanism of action of superdisintegrants, the conventional and patented development techniques and about the evaluation parameters of the fast dissolving tablets.

  • 16 October 2012
    A RECENT APPROACH TOWARDS TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY BY VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

    About Authors:
    K.S.Khatri
    S.K.Patel education and research, Kherva,
    Mehasana-384001
    kkhatri_pharm@yahoo.com

    Abstract:
    Interest in transdermal drug delivery systems has increased on several fronts over the past several years because of the inherent advantages over the oral delivery such as the avoidance of gastrointestinal absorption, enzymatic and pH associated deactivation. Stratum corneum forms highly lipophilic membrane and provides the greatest resistance to penetration of drugs. A number of chemical and physical permeation enhancement techniques have been investigated. Chemical enhancers represent the most widely studied approach to transdermal drug permeation enhancement but are associated with toxicity, therefore limiting their clinical application. In recent years the emergence of number of physical techniques has expanded the range of drugs that can be delivered transdermally. Promising new technologies involved in enhancing transdermal permeation are Abrasion, Electroporation, Sonophoresis/Phonophoresis, Pressure waves, Iontophoresis, Laser Radiation,Magnetophoresis, Microneedles, Needleless injection and many more. In the present reviewed tried to discuss alternate techniques of enhancing the transdermal transport.

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  • 15 October 2012
    Applications of Biosensors technology : Future trends development and new intervation in biotechnology

    About Author:
    KIRANKUMAR K. VAGHASIYA
    M.Sc. Biotechnology
    Bhagwan Mahavir College Of  Biotechnology, Surat
    * vaghasiyakiran51@yahoo.co.in

    Abstract:
    Biosensors can be excellent analytical tools for monitoring programs working to implement legislation.Biosensor are analytical devices which are capable of providing either qualitative or quantitative results. Biosensor technology to be in a very early stage of development. There are many market opportunities. In this article, biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are extensively reviewed. Examples of biosensors for the most important families of environmental   pollutants, including some commercial devices, are presented. Finally, future trends in biosensor development are discussed. In this context, bioelectronics, nanotechnology, environmental pollution, and especially biotechnology seem to be growing areas that will have marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the next future.At present There are various types of biosensor available for the number of industrial and diagnostic Applications.

  • 15 October 2012
    HIV / AIDS EVOLUTION AND CONSIDERATIONS

    About Authors:
    Nishant kumar singh
    Research Fellow,
    ICRI (Ahm) and Cranfield University
    * nishantsingh.shree@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT:
    Over 3 decades HIV/AIDS have been a major globally accepted challenge, from endemic to a catastrophic pandemic & explodes globally. Estimates says 33.3 million HIV +ve and 2.6 million newly HIV infected people are in 2009. Since the beginning of epidemic, nearly 30 million people have died from AIDS related cause[1].  From chimpanzees to human[2] and then human to human (migration[3], MSM, HS, IDU, MTC etc) and ultimately it transformed into pandemic. After 30 years we have advanced our treatment & Medicare knowledge of HIV and AIDS. Our scientist has developed several successful targets and drugs based on them, a highly effective therapy HAART currently in use (managing viral load & cell count for better patient survival rate) showing good results. Still HIV/AIDS is incurable, WHY? It shows the need of critical thinking from the very 1st initial step i.e. TARGET. HIV itself is the target; biotech and Pharmaceutical Company must consider nanotechnology & homologous approach for CCR5. Though it seems that we have control over it but if this goes out same way, than one day just due to the HIV typical characteristic of mutation and recombination the worst Catastrophic sub Saharan-Africa epidemic will become Pandemic.[i]

  • 14 October 2012
    Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay- An overview

    About Authors:
    Krunal Parikh*, Mr. Maheshkumar Kataria, Jatin Patel, Tarun Patel, Dhiren Shah
    Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
    Sriganganagar, India
    *Krunal_2922@yahoo.in

    ABSTRACT
    Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are plate-based assays designed for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and hormones. Other names, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), are also used to describe the same technology. In an ELISA, an antigen must be immobilized to a solid surface and then complexed with an antibody that is linked to an enzyme. Detection is accomplished by assessing the conjugated enzyme activity via incubation with a substrate to produce a measureable product. The most crucial element of the detection strategy is a highly specific antibody-antigen interaction. There are three methods of ELISA. Each type of ELISA can be used qualitatively to detect the presence of antibody or antigen. Alternatively, a standard curve based on known concentration of antibody or antigen is prepared, from which the unknown concentration of a sample can be determined.

  • 14 October 2012
    A Review Green biotechnology - a help to the environment

    About Authors:
    Kiran K.Vaghasiya*, Alpesh J.Shiroya
    Bhagwan Mahavir College Of  Biotechnology ,
    Surat
    *vaghasiyakiran51@yahoo.co.in

    Abstract
    Green biotechnologydeals with the use of environmentally-friendly solutions as an alternative to traditional agriculture, horticulture, and animal breeding processes. An example is the designing of transgenic plants that are modified for improved flavor, for increased resistance to pests and diseases, or for enhanced growth in adverse weather conditions. Genetically enhanced crops are one tool that could contribute to a more harmonious balance between food production and our surrounding environment.  The overall message is that biotech plants can, and already do, contribute positively to reducing CO2 emissions and anticipating the impact of climate change on food scarcity. This will increase as they are more widely adopted. This document aims to provide background information about the role green biotech currently plays, and can play in future, in helping to combat climate change.

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