Pharmacology Articles

About Authors: Arun Kumar Dash*, Suchismita Jena, Sudhir Kumar Sahoo
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance
Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Andhapasara Road Berhampur, Odisha

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1040

ABSTRACT
A simple method for the estimation of Pioglitazone in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. 0.1N HCl was chosen as the solvent system. The λmax was found to be 270nm and all absorbance values were carried out at 270nm. The responses were linear in the range of 5-100µg/ml. The regression equation of the calibration graph and correlation coefficient were found to be y = 0.026x - 0.020 and 0.999 respectively. The %RSD values for both intraday and interday precision were less than 1%. The recovery of the drug from the sample was ranged between 99.36 and 100.49%. The proposed method was validated for precision, accuracy, intraday, interday assay, robustness and ruggedness. Commercial tablets containing 20mg and 40mg of Pioglitazone were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were well within the claimed limits. Furthermore the effect of pH on Pioglitazone was studied.

About Authors: Shanker Swaroop Sharma
B.Pharm
Sagar Institute of Tech. & Management, Barabanki

ABSTRACT:
With enormous increase in the population the demand of pesticides gradually increases throughout the world. the question arises that where the fault begins, whether farmers are spraying overdose of pesticides either to earn money or to save their crop. Movement of pesticides into surface or ground water affected human & wildlife beyond acceptable safety levels where 20000 deaths reported annually.

About Authors:Kisananad Vishwakarma,
B.Pharm
SGI Barabanki,
GBTU

ABSTRACT:
Pharmacogenetics is generally regarded as the study or clinical testing of genetic variation that gives rise to differing response to drugs. It refers to genetic differences in metabolic pathways which can affect individual responses to drugs. Much of current clinical interest is at the level of pharmacogenetics, involving variation in genes involved in, drug metabolism with a particular emphasis on improving drug safety. The wider use of pharmacogenetic testing is viewed by many as an outstanding opportunity to improve prescribing safety and efficacy.

About Author:
Divyasri Damacharla, Shruthi Gobbooru, IV.B.Pharm,
M.S.Ramaiah College Of Pharmacy

Abstract:
The use of prescription drugs in the treatment of diseases causes loss of essential nutrients from the body leading to various side effects. So Linus Pauling discovered the orthomolecular therapy which uses the essential nutrients which are found less in a particular disease condition. Here in Schizophrenia, certain negative and positive symptoms are observed with the use of certain prescription drugs. Besides, they are even ineffective sometimes. So, orthomolecular therapy has been developed and modified by various scientists like Drs Abram Hoffer and Humphrey Osmond in 1965 and treated and cured many hundreds of schizophrenic patients with their “Megavitamin formula”

About Authors: Seema Meena, Anil Kumar and Shikha Chauhan
a) Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida,-201301, India.
b) Neuropharmacology division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre for Advance Studies, Panjab University, chandigarh-160014, India.

Abstract:
Neuropathic pain represents a real clinical challenge because of its severity, chronic nature, and inadequate drug therapy. Recently, nitric oxide pathway has been proposed in the pathogenesis neuropathic pain like conditions. Curcumin is a well known for its antioxidant and medicinal values. The objective of the present study was to explore possible nitric oxide mechanism in the protective effect of curcumin against sciatic nerve ligation induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats.Sciatic nerve ligation was performed in Wistar rats. Various behavioral parameters (thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia) followed by assessment of biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase, and nitrite) both on sciatic nerves and brain. Sciatic nerve ligation significantly caused thermal hyeralgesia, cold allodynia and oxidative damage as compared to sham (Sciatic nerve without ligation) and naïve animals. Chronic administration of curcumin (20 mg/kg, po) significantly reversed behavioral alteration and attenuated oxidative damage in both sciatic nerve and brain as compared to control.  Further, L-NAME (5 mg/kg) pretreatment with curcumin (10 mg/kg, po) potentiated protective effect of curcumin as compared to their effect per se. However, L-arginine (100 mg/kg) pretreatment with curcumin (10 mg/kg, po) significantly reversed the protective effects of curcumin. Result of present study suggests that nitric oxide mechanism could be involved in the protective effect of curcumin against sciatic nerve ligation induced behavior and biochemical alterations in rats.

About Author: Bharat Lal
MSIP,
Delhi

STUDY OF DRUGS ON IMMUNE SYSTEM: IT MAY STIMULATE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OR SUPPRESS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. STIMMULATION IS REQUIRE FOR DISEASE LIKE AIDS AND SUPPRESSION IS REQUIRE FOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION.

About Authors: * Ryali. Jithendra, Dinesh Kumar. Pandurangan, Bandaru. Sowjanya¹, Vijayaraj Kumar. Perumal²
1Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur – 522 510, India,
*1-Department of Pharmaceutics, Rahul Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Chirala-523157, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2-School of Pharmacy, University College Sadaya International,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT:
Pharmacovigilance is an important and integral part of clinical research. Pharmacovigilance is “defined as the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long term and short term adverse effects of medicines. This addresses what exactly is pharmacovigilance?  What do we know of its benefits and risks, challenges and the future hold for pharmacovigilance in Indian medicine. Here the main focus on the aims and role of pharmacovigilance in medicines regulation and their Partners. This article describes and discusses the National programme of pharmacovigilance and centre in India. There role in collecting the reports ADRs of medicines. Further effectiveness and risk assessments of therapies are been discussed. The important role played by health care professional, pharmaceutical industries, media, and programmes carried by WHO. Finally the conclusion describes the major challenges and achievements for the future pharmacovigilance programme.