Pharmacognosy Articles

About Authors:
Megha Sharma,
M.Pharma (quality assurance)
Shoolini university of life sciences,
Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh.
*meghu35@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Traditional medicine, especially ayurveda, is gaining tremendous popularity in modern times due to several reasons. Though, there is still a lack of scientific tests to evaluate the quality, quantity, potency, safety and efficacy of ayurvedic formulations. Need of the hour is to develop simple routine analysis methods to eliminate the problems faced by both practitioners and patients due to sub standard medicines.^[4]

About Authors:
Gourab Saha*, Sabitri Bindhani, Niranjan Kumar Manna
Department of Pharmaceutics,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda,
Berhampur – 760002, Orissa, India
*gourab.pharma2012@gmail.com

Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (Amla) in male albino rats after intramuscular administration. This was done using the Carragenin-induced paw edema method (acute inflammatory model).Methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis showed significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to ketoprofen and indomethacin.

About Authors:
Ajay Rana
M.Pharm, Shoolini University of Life Sciences,
Solan(H.P.)
*ajayrintu44@gmail.com

Abstract
Medicinal herbs constitute important source of drugs. Treatment of diseases with medicinal herbs is called phytothrepary. The study of chemistry of plant derived drugs is known as phytochemistry. Medicinal herbs have given us a number of important drugs, which are mainstays of treatment in synthetic system of medicine. Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy and Herbalism are completely dependent on plants for formulations. Salicin, a glycoside isolated from Salix alba attracted the researchers in the 19^th century and it provided us with most potent weapon, Acetyl-salicylic acid for killing pain. The article highlights the historical usage and pharmacogonosy of medicinal herbs containing salicin.

About Authors:
Gourab Saha^*1, Akshaya Kumar Malana, Dr. Sambhit Parida^2
1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur – 760002, Orissa, India
² College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur – 760002, Orissa, India
*gourab.pharma2012@gmail.com

Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae) in male albino rats after intramuscular administration. This was done using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method (acute inflammatory model).Methanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera showed significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to diclofenac and indomethacin.

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About Authors:
Habibur Rahman¹, M.C Eswaraiah^2
1Department of Pharmacology,
²Dept. of Pharmacognosy,
Anurag Pharmacy College,
Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M),
Nalgonda (Dt.), A.P-508206, India

ABSTRACT
Brain neurotransmitters like Dopamine, serotonin, Adrenaline, Glutamate and enzymes like Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), Mono amino-oxidase (MAO-A & MAO-B) levels and antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase etc play important roles in different complex neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease(AD), Parkinsonism, depression etc. But biochemical estimation of these parameters is very difficult to conduct in simple laboratory. This review is a collection of simple spectroscopic methods to determine the common brain neurotransmitters and antioxidant enzymes.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
G. JYOTHI REDDY*¹, A. SRILAKSHMI¹, S.SINDHUJA², N.K. SREE¹, SK.AFSAR¹, B.PRIYANKA¹, R.E.AMRUTHA^1
1 Department of Pharmacology, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
² Sri Padmavathi School Of Pharmacy, Tiruchanoor, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
The ethanolic leaf extract of Allophylus serratus shown significant (p<0.05) antidiarrheal activity on gastrointestinal motility with  castor oil- induced diarrheal model in rats. The results obtained revealed that the leaf extract possess pharmacological activity against diarrhoea and may possibly explain the use of the plant in traditional medicine. The extract tested at 200 and 400 mg/kg like the standard drug, loperamide significantly inhibited the frequency of defecation droppings compared to untreated control rats. This result is in support of previous claims in respect of antidiarrhoeal herbs.

About Authors:
A. Srilakshmi, SK. Afsar, B. Priyanka, G. Jyothi Reddy, R.E.Amrutha, B.Jagadeesh babu, C. Raja ram
1. Department of Pharmacology,
P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy,
Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT
ALLOPHYLUS SERRATUS is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various risk factors like analgesia, inflammation, ulcers, and wounds. The aqueous extract of the leaf was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. The extract at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by formalin. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract had a good analgesic effect characterized by a reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. Similarly, the extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time and licking frequency in rats injected with 0.05ml of 10% formalin. These results were also comparable to those of ibuprofen, the reference drug used in this study. Acute toxicity test showed that the plant may be safe for pharmacological uses. This study has provided some justification for the folkloric use of the plant in several communities for conditions such as stomachache, pain and inflammations.

About Author:
Maanasa.B,
Sri Sai Aditya Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research,
Andhrapradesh

ABSTRACT:
Biomarkers in general used as an indicator of the biological response, pathological response and pharmacological responses and mostly used in scientific fields. Specifically, biomarkers indicate change in expression or the protein nature that correlate with disease progression. An ideal biomarker must be sensitive, specific and accurate and must be able to reveal the nature of disease / able to predict the outcome of the tumor reoccurrence. There are different types of biomarkers individualizing different roles like diagnostic biomarkers, detection biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, predictive biomarkers. These biomarkers are used throughout the clinical trials process of cardiology, neurology and oncology and the present article describes the biomarkers.

About Authors:
Jyotirmoy Das Choudhury, Dr. Biplab De,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. Abhoynagar, Agartala,
Tripura(W)

INTRODUCTION
Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomenon of symbiosis. The biotic & abiotic elements of nature are all interdependent. The plants are indispensable to man for his life. The knowledge of drug has accumulated over  thousands of years as a result of man’s inquisitive nature so that today we posses many effective means of ensuring health care.
In the part, almost all the medicines used were from the plants, the plant being men’s only chemist for ages. The history of medical plants dates back to RIG VEDA, perhaps the oldest repository of human knowledge, which was written in about 4500-1600 B.C. then there is the Ayurveda which given us detail accounts of many herbal drugs. Most of the medicinally active substance are identified in the 19^th & 20^th centuries was used in crude form. But now in modern days we use to take drug in the form of dosage form.