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ESTIMATION OF ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND FORMULATION BY SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE AREA UNDER CURVE UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS

 

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Jadhav Santosh1*, Kharat Rekha1, Ansari Afaque2, Tamboli Ashpak3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutic’s, D. S. T. S Mandal’s College Of Pharmacy Solapur, Maharashtra India.
3Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade,
Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
*jadhavsan88@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Distilled Water. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 248-254nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Ondansetron Hydrochloride using 2-10μg/ml (r²=0.9986) for second order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.

INTRODUCTION
Ondansetron hydrochloride [1-2] is chemically named as 9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl]-2, 3, 4, 9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-4-one, is official in IP, BP and USP [3-5]. It is 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an antiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting) [6]. The  antiemetic activity of the drug is brought about through the inhibition  of 5-HT3 receptors  present both centrally (medullary chemoreceptor zone) and peripherally (GI tract) [7-8]. Literature review shows that there are developed methods including spectrophotometric, HPLC and HPTLC methods for the estimation of Ondansetron alone and in combination of other drugs like Omeprazole, Rabeprazole etc. There are developed Spectrophotometric methods [9-10] of analysis in single or in combination.


To our notice, no UV- spectrophotometric method using Second Order Derivative Area under Curve has been reported for the determination of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in bulk and tablets. Hence an attempt has been made to develop new Second Order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method for estimation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy simplicity, precision and economy.


Fig. 1: Chemical structure of Ondansetron hydrochloride.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods.
Derivative spectrophotometry is a useful means of resolving two overlapping spectra and eliminating matrix interferences or interferences due to an indistinct shoulder on side of an absorption band. Derivative spectrophotometry involves the conversion of a normal spectrum to its first, second or higher derivative spectrum. In the context of derivative spectrophotometry, the normal absorption spectrum is referred to as the fundamental, zeroth order or D0 spectrum. The absorbance of a sample is differentiated with respect to wavelength λ to generate first, second or higher order derivative.

[A]= f(λ): zero order
[dA/dλ= f(λ ): first order

[d2A/dλ2]= f(λ): second order

The first derivative spectrum of an absorption band is characterized by a maximum, a minimum, and a cross-over point at the λ max of the absorption band. The second derivative spectrum is characterized by two satellite maxima and an inverted band of which the minimum corresponds to the λ max of the fundamental band.[11]

Area under curve (Area calculation)
Area  under curve method involves the calculation of integrated value of absorbance with respect to the wavelength between two selected wavelengths such as λ1 and λ2 representing start and end point of curve region. The area under curve between λ1 and λ2 was calculated using UV probe software. In this study area was integrated between wavelength ranges from 248 to 254 nm.

Area calculation:

Where, α is area of portion bounded by curve data and a straight line connecting the start and end  point, β is  the  area of portion  bounded  by a straight  line connecting  the  start  and  end point on curve data and horizontal axis, λ1 and λ2  are wavelength range start and end point of curve region[12].

Apparatus and instrumentation:
A shimadzu 1800 UV/VIS double beam spectrophotometer with 1cm matched quartz cells was used for all spectral measurements.Single Pan Electronic balance (CONTECH, CA 223, India) was used for weighing purpose. Sonication of the solutions was carried out using an Ultrasonic Cleaning Bath (Spectra lab UCB 40, India). Calibrated volumetric glassware (Borosil®) was used for the validation study.

Materials:
Reference standard of Ondansetron HydrochlorideAPI was supplied as gift sample by Lupin Laboratory Park, Aurangabad. Tablet sample with label claim 10 mg per tablet were purchased from local market Pune.

Method development:

Preparation of Standard and Sample Solutions:
Stock solution of 10μg/ml of Ondansetron Hydrochloride was prepared in Distilled Water, Second Order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric analysis. The standard solutions were prepared by dilution of the stock solution with Distilled water in a concentration range of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10μg/ml with Distilled water for Second Order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric methods. Distilled water was used as a blank solution.

Fig. 2 Second order derivative Area under Curve spectrum of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in Distilled water (10µg/ml).

Calibration curve for Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
The dilutions were made from Standard Stock solution to get concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10µg/ml respectively. These solutions were scanned from 400 to 200 nm and Second Order Derivative Area under Curve values was integrated in the range of 248-254 nm. The calibration curve was plotted between areas under curve values against concentration.

Fig. 3 Linearity of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.

Assay of tablet formulation
Twenty tablets each containing 10 mg of Ondansetron Hydrochloride were weighed crushed to powder and average weight was calculated. Powder equivalent to 10 mg of Ondansetron Hydrochloride was transferred in 100 ml of volumetric flask.  A  50  ml  of  distilled  water  was  added  and  sonicated  for  15 minutes. Then solution was further diluted up to the mark with distilled water. The solution was filtered using Whatmann filter paper no.  41, first 5 ml of filtrate was discarded. This solution was further diluted to obtain 10µg/mL solution with water, subjected for UV analysis using distilled water as blank. This procedure was repeated three times.

Fig. 4 Second order derivative Area under Curve spectrum of Ondansetron Hydrochloride of dosage form in Distilled water (10µg/ml).

Table 1: Assay of tablet dosage form

Sr.No.

Sample Solution Concentration (µg/ml)

Amount found (%)

Mean % found

%RSD

1

10

98.13

 

 

2

10

98.17

98.14

0.0212

3

10

98.14

 

 

*n=3, SD=Standard Deviation, % RSD = % Relative Standard Deviation.

Method validation
The  above  method  was  validated  for  various  parameters such  as  Accuracy, Linearity, Precision,  Limit  of  detection  (LOD)  and  Limit of Quantitation  (LOQ) according to ICH  guideline.

Accuracy
The  accuracy  for  the  analytical  method  was  evaluated  at  80%,  100%  and  120%  levels  of 15µg/ml Sample solution. Second Order Derivative Area under curve (AUC) was measured in wavelength range 248-254 nm and results were obtained in terms of percent recovery. Three determinations at each level were performed and % RSD was calculated for each level.

Table 2: Accuracy results for Ondansetron Hydrochloride.

Accuracy level

Sample conc (µg/ml)

Std. conc

Total amount. Added (µg/ml)

% Recovery

Mean % Recovery

% RSD

80

15

12

27

98.17

 

 

100

15

15

30

98.36

98.32

0.1410

120

15

18

33

98.44

 

 

Precision
The precision of an analytical procedure expresses the closeness of an agreement (degree of scatter) between a series of measurements obtained from multiple sampling of the same homogeneous sample under the prescribed conditions intraday precision was studied by integrating area of standard solution of 10µg/ml concentration at six independent series in the same day. Interday precission studies were performed by integrating area of standard solution of 10µg/ml concentration on three consequent days. The %RSD Was calculated.

Table 3: Precission Study.

Parameter

Intra day

Inter-day

Sample sol conc. µg/ml

10

10

AUC (mean)

0.0001

5.7735

%RSD

1.5604

0.4824

Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification:
The Limit of Detection (LOD) is the smallest concentration of the analyte that gives the measurable response. LOD was calculated using the following formula

LOD = 3.3 σ /S

The Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is the smallest concentration of the analyte, which gives response that can be accurately quantified. LOQ was calculated using the following formula

LOQ = 10 σ/S

Where, σ is standard deviation of the response and
S is the slope of the calibration curve.

LO& LOQ of Ondansetron Hydrochloridewas found to be 0.4482µg/ml &1.3584µg/ml respectively.

Table 4: Summary of validation parameters

Parameter

Result

λ range

248-254

Regression Equation (y=mx+c)

Y=0.0009x+0.0014

Measured wavelength

250nm

Linearity range

2-10µg/ml

Slope

0.0009

Intercept

0.0014

Correlation coefficient (R2)

0.9986

Limit of Detection (LOD)µg/ml

0.4482

Limit of Quantitation (LOQ)µg/ml

1.3584

Accuracy (Mean % Recovery)

98.32

Precission (%RSD)

1.5604

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The UV visible spectroscopic method for the Ondansetron Hydrochloride by Second order derivative Area under Curve was found to be simple, accurate, economical and reproducible. The  drug  concentrations  were  found  to  be linear  in  the  range  of  02-10 µg/ml and the correlation coefficient value of 0.9986  indicates that  developed  method  was  linear.  For  Precision  the  percent  relative  standard  deviation  (% RSD) was found to be 1.5604while, intra-day  and  inter-day  precision  results  in  terms  of  percent relative standard deviation values  were found to be 1.5604 and 0.4824 respectively thus the method is observed as precise. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels i.e. 80%, 100%, 120%. The values of standard deviation were satisfactory and the recovery studies were close to 100%. The % RSD value is ≤ 2 indicates the accuracy of the method.  The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation values were found to be 0.4482µg/ml &1.3584µg/ml respectively. The  result  of  the  analysis  for pharmaceutical  formulation  by  the  developed  method was consistent with the label claim, highly reproducible and reliable. The method can be used for routine  quality  control  analysis  of  Ondansetron Hydrochloride  in  bulk  and pharmaceutical formulations.

CONCLUSION
The  UV spectroscopic  AUC  method  for  the  analysis  of  Ondansetron Hydrochloride by Second order derivative Area under Curve was found to be simple, precise, and accurate, can be used for assay of bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage formulations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The authors are highly thankful to the Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola, Solapur, Maharashtra, India for proving all the facilities to carry out the research work.

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REFERENCE ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-2353

PharmaTutor (Print-ISSN: 2394 - 6679; e-ISSN: 2347 - 7881)

Volume 3, Issue 8

Received On: 03/04/2015; Accepted On: 10/04/2015; Published On: 01/07/2015

How to cite this article: S Jadhav, R Kharat, A Ansari, A Tamboli; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: An Emerging Infection; PharmaTutor; 2015; 3(8); 42-46

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