Research Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
P. Devi¹, R. Meera^2*, P. Rajasoundarapandian², Madhavanmallayasamy^2
1Department of pharmacognosy, K.M.College of pharmacy,
²Researcher, Radianz, Healthcare private Limited,
Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
*meeraharsa23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Objective: Imporal, Vivati and Teerankottai Lehyams were prepared by ayurvedic formulary and were analysed.
Materials and Methods: Lehyams conjunction with ingredients such as kadukkai, tetrankottai, chebula, impural, verpatti, pacum pal, panankarkantu, catipattiri, valmilaku,catikkay, terrankottai, tipple, milakucukku, kadukkai, tanrikkay, cirrarakottai, nellikkay, cirakam, carkkarai, honey and ghee in different proportions.
Results: The Loss on drying, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Alcohol soluble extractive, Water soluble extractive, Saponification value and Sugar content were determined respectively. The preliminary phyto chemical investigation shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponin, tannins and flavonoids.
Conclusion: Increase the medicinal properties against appetizer, cough and tuberculosis by preparing like this herbal products.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Kavitha Reddy Jupally*, A.Pavani, R. Raja Reddy, Habibuddin.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Malla Reddy Pharmacy College,
Maisammaguda (via- Hakimpet), secunderabad, Telangana, India.
kavithareddy0811@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Ramipril is a prodrug belonging to the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. The aim of the present study is to develop buccoadhesive bilayered tablet of ramipril  to achieve the greater therapeutic efficacy, to increase the bioavailability, to overcome the first pass hepatic metabolism of the drug. A UV spectrophotometric method has been employed for the estimation of Ramipril at 219 nm. Buccal tablets of Ramipril were prepared by direct compression method using ethyl cellulose as a polymer. The precompression parameters like bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index and angle of repose were determined. The post compression parameters like hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, in vitro dissolution, FTIR studies were carried out to check if any interactions had occurred, results were promising. The optimized formulation was selected based on results and percentage drug release was found to be 92.95 and followed First order, peppas model with Fickian release mechanism.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Balay Ragini*, A.Pavani, R.Raja Reddy
Malla Reddy Pharmacy College,
Maisammaguda(via-hakimpet), Secunderabad, Telengana. india
ragini.balay@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Cefuroxime Axetil is a second generation antibacterial belongs to Cephalosporin Group. The drug undergoes rapid metabolism in intestinal mucosa due to change in pH Environment and hence has decreased oral bioavailability. The aim of present investigation is to increase the gastric residence time by preparing gastroretentive tablets here by improving bioavailability of Cefuroxime Axetil. A simple UV spectrophotometric method has been employed for the estimation of Cefuroxime Axetil at 281 nm. A floating drug delivery system (FDDS) was developed using gas-forming agents, like sodium bicarbonate, sodium alginate and hydrocolloids like hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and guggul. The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their precompression parameters, physical characteristics, In vitro release, buoyancy lag-time and swelling index. The formulations were optimized for the different grades of HPMC, and its concentrations and combinations. The results of the In vitro release studies showed that the optimized formulation F3 could sustain drug release of 92% and remain buoyant for 10h. The optimized formulation was subjected to various kinetic release investigations and it was found that the mechanism of drug release was predominately Higuhci with non fickian diffusion. Finally the tablets formulations found to be economical and may overcome the draw backs associated with the drug during its absorption.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Monjur Ahmed Laskar*, Manabendra Dutta Choudhury
Bioinformatics Centre, Assam University,
Silchar, Assam, India
monjur@bioinfoaus.ac.in

ABSTRACT
Plants have been used in treating cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and are recognized for their ability to produce secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites obtained from different plants have been the starting material for designing different drugs. Echinosystic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene was isolated and identified from the fruits of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Echinosystic acid has significant cardioprotective effects. Different phytochemicals have been found to be cardioprotective and paved the path towards development of cardioprotective formulations. In the present study we have analyzed the inhibitory potential of Echinosystic acid, on the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) - the enzyme responsible for various cardiovascular diseases.
The study revealed that Echinosystic acidhave high ACE inhibiting potential as compared to other known ACE inhibitors.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Lakshmanarao.R*, Pavani Priya.G, Saikishore.V
Department of pharmaceutics,
Bapatla college of pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, India
rapakalakshmanarao@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Microspheres are well accepted technique to control the drug release from the dosage form to improve bioavailability, reduce absorption difference in patients, reduce the dosing frequency and adverse effects during prolong treatment. The main objective of the present study is to prepare and evaluate ibuprofen  microspheres by solvent evaporation  method, with water insoluble polymers such as Ethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as suspending agent, using as carrier for oral administration in view to achieve oral sustained  release of the drug.  Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for relief of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and is used in chronic and acute conditions of pain and inflammation. Its biological half-life is 2 ±0.5 hrs. Due to its low biological half-life (2 hrs), it requires frequent administration to maintain plasma concentration. This causes inconvenience to the patient and also leads fluctuations in plasma drug concentration that may cause inferior therapeutic effects or toxic effects. There-fore, development of controlled release dosage forms would clearly be beneficial in terms of decreased dosage requirements, thus increase patient compliance. The formulations were evaluated for particle size distribution analysis, flow properties like Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s Ratio, Carr’s index, Encapsulation efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy,optical electron microscopy and invitro release studies. The optimized formulation showed good invitro sustained  release activity of the drug ibuprofen.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing
²Department of Community Health Nursing,
KLE University Institute of Nursing Sciences,
Nehru Nagar, Belgaum
angadi.shweta@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
When pregnant mother consumes drugs it reaches the fetus through the placenta, in the same way that oxygen & nutrients are delivered to the baby in the mother’s uterus. Depending upon the drug taken, the amount, duration & stage of pregnancy, it can produce varying effects on growing baby. Drugs can damage the fetus &cause developmental abnormalities (producing birth defects) & result in still birth. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding teratogenic effect of drugs among staff nurse working in maternity and pediatric wards. Structured Knowledge Questionnaire on teratogenic effects of drugs was used to evaluate the knowledge of Staff Nurses. The results revealed that out of 30 staff nurses selected for the study, majority 19 (63.3%) possessed average knowledge regarding teratogenic effect of drugs.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
R.Meera¹*, N.Swathylakshmi², M.Sundarapandian², P.Raja Soundara Pandian¹, Madhavanmallayasamy^1
1Researcher, Radianz Health Care Pvt Ltd, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
²Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.M.College of pharmacy, Uthangudi, Madurai, India
meeraharsa23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Objective: A simple and precise RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Nitaoxanide in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Materials and Methods: Chromatography was carried out using waters RP –C₁₈ 150×4.6 mm, 3.5 µ, pH 6.8, buffer: acetonitrile (50:50) as the mobile phase at a flow rate 1.2 ml/min. The analyze was monitored using PDA detector at 254 nm. The proposed method was found to have linearity in the concentration range of 25-150µg/ml with correlation co efficient of r² =0.9999.
Results:The developed method has been statistically validated and found simple and accurate. The mean recoveries obtained for Nitaoxanide were in the range 100.06-101.9%.
Conclusion:Due to its simplicity, rapidness, high precision and accuracy of the proposed method it may be used for determining Nitaoxanide in bulk and dosage forms.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
R.Meera¹*, N.Swathylakshmi², M.Sundarapandian², P.Raja Soundara Pandian¹, Madhavanmallayasamy^1
1Researcher, Radianz Health Care Pvt Ltd, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
²Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, K.M.College of pharmacy, Uthangudi, Madurai, India
meeraharsa23@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Objectives:
A simple spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of Nitaoxanide in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Two visible spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of Nitaoxanide bulk form or dosage forms.
Methods: Method A is based on the formation of Schiff’s base and it was condensed with 4 hydroxybenzaldehyde. Method B is based on diazotization and coupling method with phluroglucinol. The methods are done in UV Visible spectrophotometric method having maximum absorbance at 460 nm.
Results: Regression analysis of Beers law plots showed good concentration range of 10-50µg/ml for method A and B and gives reproducible results.
Conclusion: Due to its simplicity of the method it may be used for determining Nitaoxanide in bulk and dosage forms.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Goundla Uday Bhasker Goud¹*, Jakkampudi Sri Venu Prakash¹, Avadhanam Pranav Kumar², Gangi Reddy Sreenivas Reddy², Manikanta Sai Krishna².
¹Department of Industrial Pharmacy
²Department of Pharmaceutics
Bharat Institute Of Technology, Mangalpally, Hyd, Telangana, India.
gouds.uday04@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Aim: The current paper was an attempt to design a extended release dosage form of Metformin hydrochloride using various grades of hydrophilic polymers, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M and HPMC K200M) and MCC.
Materials and Methods: Laboratory scale batches of 4 tablet formulations were prepared by wet granulation technique. Precompression parameters of the granules were evaluated prior to compression. Tablets were characterized as crushing strength, friability, weight variation, thickness, drug content or assay and evaluated for in-vitro release pattern for 12 hr using Phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 at 37 ± 0.5°C.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that HPMC K100M in formulation (F3) was able to sustain the drug release for 12 h and followed the Higuchi pattern quasi-Fickian diffusion. and charged for stability testing, parameters were within the limit of acceptance. There was no chemical interaction found between the drug and excipients during Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that formulation F3 containing HPMC K100M is suitable for development of extended release tablets of Metformin Hydrochloride.