• PharmaTutor
    29 October 2012

    AMMENDMENTS IN PATENT ACT- 1999,2002 AND 2005- OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON

    About Authors:
    Krunal Parikh1*, Mr. Maheshkumar Kataria2
    (assistant professor, Department of pharmaceutics)
    Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
    Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
    *Krunal_2922@yahoo.in

    ABSTARCT :
    The word Patent originated from the Latin Word "Patene" which means 'to open'. A patent  is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention.

    Under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, patents should be available in WTO member states for any inventions, in all fields of technology, and the term of protection available should be the minimum twenty years. Different types of patents may have varying patent terms(i.e., durations).After 1972  The Act remained in force for about 24 years without any change till December 1994. An ordinance effecting certain changes in the Act was issued on 31 st December 1994, which ceased to operate after six months. Subsequently, another ordinance was issued in 1999. This ordinance was subsequently replaced by the Patents (Amendment) Act, 1999 that was brought into force retrospectively from 1st January, 1995. The amended Act provided for filing of applications for product patents in the areas of drugs, pharmaceuticals and agro chemicals though such patents were not allowed. However, such applications were to be examined only after 31-12-2004. Meanwhile, the applicants could be allowed Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR) to sell or distribute these products in India, subject to full filment of certain conditions.

  • 21 October 2012
    NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANOCRYSTALS

    About Authors:
    Patel Chirag J*, Asija Rajesh, Asija Sangeeta
    Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur.
    *chirag.bangalore@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Oral delivery of drugs with poor aqueous solubility and poor enzymatic and/or metabolic stability is very challenging. However, the advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of oral drug delivery. Development of poorly soluble and/or permeable drug molecules using nanocrystal formulations has proven to be highly successful due to the greater surface/volume ratio, resulting in improvements in dissolution and bioavailability as well as enhanced permeability.The industrially relevant bottom up (precipitation) and top down production technologies (pearl milling, high pressure homogenization, and combination technologies) are presented. This review discusses drug loading among various nanoparticles, method of preparation, evaluation and success of nanocrystals compared to other nanotechnologies.

  • 19 October 2012
    SCREENING OF DIURETIC AGENTS-AN OVERVIEW

    About Authors:
    *Nilesh Sovasia, Prof.Sanjeev Thacker, Arshad Hala
    Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.College Of Technical Education,
    Institute Of Pharmaceutical Science & Drug Research,
    Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan,India
    *nilesh.sovasia@yahoo.com

    ABSTRACT
    Diuretic agents are very useful for several critical conditions like hypertension, heart failure, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis.The various methods for screening of Diuretic agents provides useful tool to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the drugs.It is also useful for determining the dose lavel of particular class of diuretic agents.

  • 17 October 2012
    PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN PATENT IN INDIA

    About Authors:
    Arshad Hala*1, Prof. Rajesh Dholpuria1, Nilesh sovasia1
    1 Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
    Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
    Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
    *Arshad_hala@yahoo.com

    ABSTRACT:
    A patent is one of the forms of intellectual property. The object of patent law is to encourage scientific research, new technology and industrial progress. The grant of exclusive privilege to own, use or sell the method or product patented for a limited period, stimulates new inventions of commercial utility. The price of the grant of the monopoly is the disclosure of the invention at the patent office, which after the expiry of the period of monopoly, passes into public domain. An invention which must be new and useful. It must have novelty and utility. The patents are granted to encourage inventions and to secure that the inventions are worked in India on a commercial scale and to the fullest extent that is reasonable practicable without undue delay. So true inventor required to know how to get patent in india and other countries through his self or legal representative. Without patent no one use, sell, and research on invention.This review looks into procedure to obtain patent in india.

  • 10 October 2012
    GOOD DISTRIBUTION PRACTICES-EXPECTATIONS FOR COMING DECADE

    About Authors:
    Middha Akanksha*, Kataria Sahil, Kukkar Vipin
    Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
    Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
    *Akankshamddh@gmail.com

    Abstract
    Good Distribution Practice     (GDP) deals with the guidelines for the proper distribution of medicinal products for human use. GDP is a quality warranty system, which includes requirements for purchase, receiving, storage and export of drugs intended for human consumption.

    GDP regulates the division and movement of pharmaceutical products from the premises of the manufacturer of medicinal products, or another central point, to the end user thereof, or to an intermediate point by means of various transport methods, via various storage and/or health establishments.

  • 9 October 2012
    VALIDATION AND SECURITY MEASURES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL DATA PROCESSING

    About Authors:
    Krunal Parikh1*, Maheshkumar Kataria2
    1 M.Pharm, Quality Assurance,
    2    Assistant professor, Department of pharmaceutics,
    Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
    Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
    Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA
    *Krunal_2922@yahoo.in

    ABSTRACT
    The Quality System regulation requires that “when computers or automated data processing systems are used as part of production or the quality system, the manufacturer shall validate computer software for its intended use according to an established protocol.” This has been a regulatory requirement for GMP since 1978. In addition to the above validation requirement, computer systems that implement part of a regulated manufacturer’s production processes or quality system (or that are used to create and maintain records required by any other FDA regulation) are subject to the Electronic Records, Electronic Signatures regulation. This regulation establishes additional security, data integrity, and validation requirements when records are created or maintained electronically. These additional Part 11 requirements should be carefully considered and included in system requirements and software requirements for any automated record keeping systems.

  • 30 September 2012
    STEM CELLS AND PEPTIDES TO BRAIN VIA INTRASNASAL ROUTE

    About Authors:
    Ms.Pratibha Chohan*, Mr.Prashant Mutha
    B.Pharmacy, G. D. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Jodhpur.
    *pmuthabiotech@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT:
    Brain is tightly segregated from the circulating blood by a unique membranous barrier, the blood – brain barrier (BBB). Many pharmaceuticals cannot be efficiently delivered to, or sustained within the brain; hence they are ineffective in treating a plethora of cerebral diseases. Therefore, drug delivery methods that can provide drug delivery to brain or eventually preferential brain delivery (i.e. brain targeting) are of particular interest. One technique that holds promise for bypassing the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain and eliminating the surgical risk and the spillover effect of drug to normal tissue is the intranasal delivery.

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  • 28 September 2012
    Applications are invited for the positions of Hired contract based Researchers in G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development

    G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development (GBPIHED) was established in 1988-89, during the birth centenary year of Bharat Ratna Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, as an autonomous Institute of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt.

  • 27 September 2012
    ANALYSIS BY INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL METHODS

    About Authors:
    Kapil Sharma*1, Subhash Gupta2
    1Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,India.
    2Oasis test house ltd.jaipur-302006,rajasthan,india.
    *pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

    INTRODUCTION
    Most of the manufacturing industries rely upon both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw material used meet certain specification, and also to check quality of the final product. The unwanted compound may be harmful to manufacturing process or may appear as a harmful impurity in the final product.1

    A quantitative analysis is performed to establish the proportion of the essential component in the raw material. The final manufactured product is analyzed to ensure that its essential component is present within a predetermined range of composition and impurities do not exceed certain specified limit.

  • 27 September 2012
    FORMULATION DESIGN, MANUFACTURE CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TABLET

    About Authors:
    1Sahu Deepak*, 2Ketawat Santosh
    1Ass.Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
    2Lecturer, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
    Dabok, Udaipur [Rajasthan] – 313022
    *deepak.sahu.bhl@gmail.com

    Abstract
    Tablet is the most preferred oral dosage form, due to many advantages it offers to formulators as well as physicians and patients. However, the process of manufacturing tablets is complex. Hence, careful consideration has to be given to select right process, and right excipients to ultimately give a robust, high productivity and regulatory compliant product of good quality.

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