Rajasthan

About Authors:
Bhupender Kumar*, Prof. Sudeep Bhardwaj, Monish Sharma, Ramchandra
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education (Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
And Drug Research), Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, 335001
*bhupendra.nimiwal@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
In a typical crossover design, each subject takes each of the treatments under investigation on different occasions. Comparative bioavailability or bioequivalence studies, in which two or more formulations of the same drug are compared, are usually designed as crossover studies. Perhaps the greatest appeal of the crossover design is that each patient acts as his or her own control. This feature allows for the direct comparison of treatments, and is particularly efficient in the presence of large inter individual variation. However, caution should be used when considering this design in studies where carryover effects or other interactions are anticipated. Under these circumstances, a parallel design may be more appropriate.

About Authors:
Bhupender Kumar*, Assit. Prof. Prasant Beniwal, Monish Sharma, Ramchandra
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education
(Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Drug Research),
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan
*bhupendra.nimiwal@gmail.com

Abstract:
Thermoanalytical methods essentially techniques that are based entirely on the concept of heating a sample followed by well-defined modified procedures, such as : gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis measured weight change, differential scanning calorimetry measured heats and temperature of transitions and reactions, differential thermal analysis (DTA) measured temperatures of transitions and reactions.

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About Authors:
Ravindra K. Kamble, Priyadarshani R. Kamble*
Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance,
Bhupal Nobles’ College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA.
*priya.s.bansode@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Recent studies reported approval of lipid vesicles as drug carriers for chemotherapeutic agents and bio-actives which have been revealed in a number of lipid vesicles based formulations, which are commercially available or are currently undergoing clinical trials. This review is mainly focused on effectiveness and permeation enhancing controversy of lipid vesicles as dermal and transdermal drug delivery with special emphasis on recent advances in this field, including the development of deformable vesicles, ethosomes and invasomes. Only specially designed lipid vesicles have been shown to be capable of achieving enhanced delivery. The incorporation of additives, such as anionic surfactants and ethanol, fluidize the phospholipid bilayers, thus can penetrate the intercellular pathways of the skin.

About Authors:
Roopesh Sachan*¹, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya¹, Patel Chirag J*³,Patel Pinkesh³, Rishikesh Gupta^4
1*Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
⁴Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India-284128.
*roopeshsachan@gmail.com, +91-9557469989, 9236167104

ABSTRACT:
Nanoparticle drug-delivery systems are the popular ones as are able to increase the selectivity and stability of therapeutic agents. However reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, drug leakage, immunogenicity, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity, hydrophobicity restrict the use of these nanostructures. These shortcomings are overcome by surface engineering the dendrimer such as Polyester dendrimer, Citric acid dendrimer, Arginine dendrimer, Glycodendrimers, PEGylated dendrimers, etc.The field of Dendrimers has recently emerged as the most commercially viable technology of this century because of its wide-ranging potential applications in many fields such as: healthcare, electronics, photonics, biotechnology, engineering products, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, catalysis, electronic devices, environmental issues and nanotechnologies. Dendrimer as a drug delivery agent is a promising, safe and selective drug delivery option.

About Authors:
Gaurav Singh^*1, Prof. Satyanand Tyagi², Patel Chirag J³, Patel Pinkesh³, Tarun Parashar¹, Soniya^1
1*Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-248007.
²President & Founder, Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA) & Scientific Writer (Pharmacy), Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
³Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharishi Arvind Institute of Pharmacy, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302020.
*gaurav.hipr@gmail.com, +91-8057832184/9236167104

ABSTRACT:
Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the body can manufacture it from other nutrients. Within the body, citrulline is converted to the amino acid L-arginine i.e. citrulline acts as a precursor of amino acid arginine.  Some of the proposed uses of citrulline supplements are based on raising levels of arginine. Citrulline also plays a role in a physiological process called “the urea cycle,” in which toxic ammonia is converted to urea. Citrulline boosts our energy levels by lowering blood lactate concentration. It also enhances the process of elimination of ammonia. Although citrulline is not coded for by DNA directly, several proteins are known to contain citrulline as a result of a posttranslational modification.

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About Authors:
Lila dhar^*1,Surender Jalandra
¹Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College Of Technical Education,
Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Gaganpath, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001
*ldbudania@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a powerful tool for investigating paramagnetic species, including organic radicals, inorganic radicals, and triplet states. The basic principles behind EPR are very similar to the more ubiquitous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), except that EPR focuses on the interaction of an external magnetic field with the unpaired electron(s) in a molecule, rather than the nuclei of individual atoms. EPR has been used to investigate kinetics, mechanisms, and structures of paramagnetic species and along with general chemistry and physics, has applications in biochemistry, polymer science, and geosciences. The use of cavity stabilised Impatt diode oscillators for ESR spectroscopy is discussed in different experimental conditions: i.e. as microwave sources in reflection cavity homodyne spectrometers, and as marginal oscillators in which the oscillator cavity (a TE₀₁₁ cylindrical cavity) is the observing cavity. The sensitivity of this second configuration has been theoretically evaluated for the case in which the Impatt itself is used as a detecting element and in which an external detector is used. For each situation the sensitivity has been measured with a DPPH sample at various power levels giving a sensitivity which is comparable with the best commercial units.