Articles

PHARMACO-ECONOMICS: THE COST OF HEALTH

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ABOUT AUTHOR
AK MOHIUDDIN
Faculty of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Pharmacoeconomics has been characterized as the depiction and examination of the cost of medication treatment to healthcare frameworks and society. All the more explicitly, pharmacoeconomic look into is the way toward recognizing, estimating, and contrasting the costs, dangers, and advantages of programs, services, or treatments and figuring out which elective delivers the best wellbeing result for the asset contributed. This data can help clinical chiefs in picking the most cost-effective treatment alternatives. Pharmacoeconomics is a division of results examine that can be utilized to measure the estimation of pharmaceutical care items and services. Pharmaceutical care has been characterized as the mindful arrangement of medication treatment for the reasons for accomplishing unequivocal results.

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Materials and Methods:
Research conducted a year-round comprehensive literature search, which included technical newsletters, newspapers journals, and many other sources. The present study was started from the beginning of 2018. PubMed, ALTAVISTA, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of was thoroughly searched. The keywords were used to search for different publishers’ journals like Elsevier, Springer, Willey Online Library, Wolters Kluwer were extensively followed. Medicine and technical experts, pharma company representatives, hospital nurses and chemists were given their valuable suggestions. Projections were based on estimates of drug and therapy related cost, cost of being ill and hospitalization and cost of well-being. Pharmacists role in allied areas of cost calculation and minimizing through ADR management, prevent disease and hospitalization and drug selection were given the highest priority.

VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DROTAVERIN.HCL & ACECLOFENAC IN BULK AND FORMULATION

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ABOUT AUTHORS
A. PADMA1*, D. GIRIJA2, A. THIRUPATHIREDDY3, B. VENKATESWARAREDDY4
1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M), Prakasam (Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M), Prakasam (Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M),Prakasam(Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India
4Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankar Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Salakalveedu(v), Bestavaripeta(M), Prakasam(Dist) Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
The present research work deals with the development  and validation of  stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac and Drotaverin.HCl in bulk and formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on ODS HG-5 RP   C18(250 X 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using the mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and1% triethylamine (TEA) in the ratio of 90:10 pH  2.16 adjusted with Ortho phosphoric acid. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection was observed  at 224 nm. The retention time was found to be 3.57 min for Aceclofenac and 6.15 min for Drotaverin.HCl. The linearity concentrations are obtained from in the range of 30-70 µg/ml for Aceclofenac and 24-56 µg/ml for Drotaverin.HCl respectively with correlation coefficient was 0.999 and 0.998. The proposed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and reproducible and developed method can be suggest to routine quality control analysis for simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac and Drotaverin.HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

CUCURBITACINS A VIBRANT TRITERPENOID: A REVIEW ON ITS ANTICANCER PROPERTY

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Mir Sahidul Ali*1, Souvik Mukherjee2, Subhajit Makar2, Gargi Pal3
*1Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering,
Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
2Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences &
Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences,
Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology,
NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, India.

ABSTRACT:
Cucurbitacins which are structurally unlike triterpenes found in the members of Cucurbitaceae and several other plant families possess immense pharmacological activity. This diverse group of compounds may substantiate to be important lead molecules for the treatment of cancer. Research focused on these unattended medicinal compound can prove the significance and explore the hidden potential to cure various diseases. These compounds shows their proposed mode of action, probable molecular targets and have future aspects of their use as a medicinal agent. This review is aimed to provide the chemical nature and medicinal property of cucurbitacins.

STUDY OF POST COMPRESSION PARAMETERS OF VARIOUS MARKETED PARACETAMOL TABLETS IN INDIA

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Rakshita A.S, Shashank Nayak N, Shwetha S Kamath K
Bapuji Pharmacy College,
Davanagere, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT
Paracetamol belongs to the class of antipyretic and analgesic. Various brands of some dosage forms are available in the market with a common claim that they are all bioequivalent. The main objective of the present experiment was to evaluate post compression parameters of various brands of paracetamol tablets containing 650 mg of drug and to determine whether all the formulations used were equivalent or significantly different. Paracetamol of 650 mg standard tablets from different manufacturers were selected in the studies. The post compression parameters like weight variation, friability, hardness, weight variation, disintegration, dissolution profiles were found to be varying but within the prescribed limit.

FRAMEWORK FOR PATIENT SAFETY

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ABOUT AUTHOR
AK MOHIUDDIN
Faculty of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Medication errors are basic all in all training and in healing facilities. The two errors in the demonstration of writing (prescription/administering/administration errors) and endorsing deficiencies because of imperfect medicinal choices can result in mischief to patients. Any progression in the endorsing procedure can ignite errors. Slips, passes, or missteps are wellsprings of errors, as in unintended oversights in the account of medications. Blames in portion determination, discarded transcription, and poor handwriting are normal. Lacking mindfulness or ability and deficient data about clinical qualities and past treatment of individual patients can bring about endorsing issues, including the utilization of possibly mistaken medications. A perilous workplace, intricate or indistinct techniques, and deficient correspondence among human services staff, especially among specialists and medical attendants, have been distinguished as huge basic factors that add to prescription errors and endorsing issues. Dynamic intercessions went for diminishing prescription and endorsing issues are emphatically prescribed. This ought to be committed on the instruction and preparing of prescribers and the utilization of on-line helps. The unpredictability of the endorsing methodology ought to be decreased by presenting mechanized frameworks or uniform recommending diagrams, so as to abstain from account and exclusion errors. Input control frameworks and quick audit of prescriptions, which can be performed with the help of a healing center drug specialist, are additionally useful. Reviews ought to be performed occasionally.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MURRAYA KOENIGII

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Patil N.B.*, Patil K.B., Wagh M.N., Patil A.A,
Department of Pharmacy, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy,
Dondaicha, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
The methanol extract of murraya koenigii (leaf) were investigated for their antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus using cup plate agar diffusion method and methanol extract produces best results. various investigation like physiochemical standard ,preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out and parameter were reported. The present paper deals with investigation of various phytochemical present in methanol extract and in vitro antibacterial activity against the s.aureus .the literature survey does not exist anti bacerial activity of murraya koenigii (leaf) in methanol extract against s.aureus.it is concluded that the plant studied may source of antibacterial plant.

SHORT COMMUNICATION ON - GENERIC VERSUS BRANDED DRUGS

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ABOUT AUTHOR
Patil Swapnil Shankar
Vasantidevi Patil Institute Of Pharmacy
Kodoli, Panhala, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT 
Our paper is focuses on how the generic drugs are beneficial to human use and what are the drawbacks of branded drug. Now government of India is giving permission to sell the generic drug in the market with prescription of physician. Or any pharmacist can open the generic medical drug store. Day by day the patients are aware about benefits and use of generic drugs. It is important that we consult our doctors before deciding if a generic is right for us. Many prescriptions medicines are available to treat depression and bipolar disorder the pharmacist might ask if you want your prescription filled with the brand name medicine or the generic medicine. Each option has prose and cons to consider. This brochure gives you the information you need to help you decide what's right for you in your treatment and recovery plan. The present article giving the information regarding generic drugs versus branded drugs.

ARTS AND SCIENCE OF PATIENT COMPLIANCE

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ABOUT AUTHOR
AK MOHIUDDIN
Faculty of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
The word ‘compliance’ comes from the Latin word complire, meaning to fill up and hence to complete an action, transaction, or process and to fulfil a promise. In the Oxford English Dictionary, the relevant definition is ‘The acting in accordance with, or the yielding to a desire, request, condition, direction, etc.; a consenting to act in conformity with; an acceding to; practical assent”. Compliance with therapy is simply patients understanding of medication, motivation toward having this medication is a prescribed manner with the belief that the prescriber and prescribed medicine will be beneficial for his well-being. Although this is often the case, in a number of situations, the physician and pharmacist have not provided the patient with adequate instructions or have not presented the instructions in such a manner that the patient understands them. Nothing should be taken for granted regarding the patient’s understanding of how to use medication, and appropriate steps must be taken to provide patients with the information and counseling necessary to use their medications as effectively and as safely as possible. 20% to 30% of new prescriptions are never filled at the pharmacy. Medication is not taken as prescribed 50% of the time. For patients prescribed medications for chronic diseases, after six months, the majority take less medication than prescribed or stop the medication altogether. There are both federal and state laws that make using or sharing prescription drugs illegal. If someone take a pill that was prescribed to someone else or give that pill to another person, not only is it against the law, it's extremely dangerous.

A CASE REPORT ON CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST

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ABOUT AUTHOR
Bharath kumar Dasari, Shyamsunder Anchuri, Manishkumar T,  Saikiran velpula, Nagaraju Vallepu, Pranitha Adepu
Department of pharmacy practice
Balaji  institute of pharmaceutical sciences, Narsampet, Warangal, Telangana

ABSTRACT.
Chronic kidney disease also  called chronic renal failure is most commonly seen in the patients of hypertension and diabetes
Case Report
A female patient of age 60 yrs was admitted in a multispecialty  hospital located in Warangal ,with the complaints of SOB, confusion, fever  Since 3dys ,she had a past medical history of HTN.
Discussion :
Patient’s data was collected in a profile form and the details were saved confidentially .the  patient was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease with HTN  and the treatment was  given.
Conclusion :
the patient was given a complete course and was given counselling for chronic kidney disease and the problem got resolved , hereby it shows the need of pharmacist in the area of patient care and quality treatment in the present scenario to expect quality of life.

THE MYSTERIOUS DOMINATION OF FOOD/DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS AND ADULTERANTS IN BANGLADESH

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ABOUT AUTHOR
AK MOHIUDDIN
Faculty of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT
Food adulteration and contamination are as old as the civilization itself. It is the consequence of the development of civilization, over utilization of nature, industrialization and in a price for the progression. It is highly prominent in Urban areas of Bangladesh. It is the consequence of commercialism of business people who are doing this knowingly to maximize profit. Higher degree of awareness shown by the people with higher educational background. Government regulatory agencies are less confident regarding food standard testing, as reported in the study. Educated people show higher degree of awareness of how the quality of food should be maintained. Regulatory authority is found to be in confidant in testing the food standard which also reflects their negligence. Safe food means, in general, there will be no danger from harmful elements that are deliberately added to food products in the country. The economic development of this country rarely reveals the basic literacy and consciousness of mass people. Necessary steps are to be taken to protect the environment for our own existence.

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