Articles

Crack GPAT — Prepare for GPAT Online 
  • PharmaTutor
    22 October 2011

    QSAR Study of N - Amino Imidazole as HIV Inhibitors

    About Author: Dhaval G. Shah*, Dr Manish J. Patel, Dr Laxman J. Patel
    Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
    Shree S. K. Patel College Of Pharmaceutical Education & Research,
    Ganpat University, Kherva. Dist: Mahesana, Gujarat

    Abatract
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the causative agent of Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a disease which has claimed twenty millions lives worldwide in the last two decades. Recently Imidazole derivatives, such as N-aminoimidazoles (NAIMS) have been discovered as novel anti- HIV agents. Herein, the results of 2D-QSAR analysis on these inhibitors have been reported. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship studies have been conducted on a series (25 compounds) of NAIMS with selective HIV inhibition activity using ChemOffice v.8.0 software. The best prediction have been obtained for anti-HIV activity (R2=0.82, Q2=0.73). The equation emphasized the importance of MORAN AUTOCORELATION (BY ATOMIC MASS), GAERY AUTOCORELATION (BY ATOMIC , SHAPE PROFILE(RANDIC MOLECULAR PROFILE), MAXIMAL  ELECTROTOPOLOGICAL EGATIVE VARIATION and Km parameters on biological activity. The equation is validated by test set (8 compounds). The information obtained from this 2D- QSAR may be utilized in the design of more potent NAIMS analogs and anti-HIV agents.

  • 22 October 2011
    Pharmacological Investigation of the Plant Prunus Amygdalus (Batsch) for its Anti-ulcer

    About Author: Devendra Kumar1*, Durga Prasad Dash1, Shushank Dixit2, Pragya Seth3
    Department of Pharmaceutical technology,
    1Sri Satya Sai collage of Pharmacy (Sehore),
    2NH-58, Bagpath road bypass, MIET, Meerut,
    3Laxmi Narayan College of Pharmacy, Bhopal

    Abstract
    This study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of almond nuts of Prunus amygdalus (batsch.) on pylorus ligation gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. Treatment with Prunus amygdalus extract of (200 mg/Kg bodyweight, 400 mg /Kg body weight) and ranitidine (50 mg/ Kg body weight) for 1 hr to the Ethanol and  rats Pylorus ligation were given and absorb the acid parameters. The present study provides a strong evidence of antiulcer activity of Prunus amygdalus extract against gastric lesions. The antiulcer activity is recognized by a reduction in acid-secretary parameters (i.e. total and free acid), gastric volume and ulcer score suggesting that acid inhibition accelerates ulcer healing, thereby strengthening of mucosal barrier. Administration of Prunus amygdalus (200 mg/kg & 400mg/kg p.o.) increased CAT, and GSH levels as compared to the negative control group, which suggests its efficacy in preventing free radical-induced damage. However, significant increase was observed all doses but in 400mg/kg were better results. In this present study was showed that there was present a significant protection for Hexosamine in all treated groups in compare to negative control group. The LPO results in showed that there was significance level difference present in negative control group and all other group that indicated that lipid peroxides enzyme was higher in vehicle treated group. Ulcer score is the counting of spots and severity of damage in gastric part by any moiety such as ethanol. Single drug treatment (200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of P.A.E.) was effective up to a significant level (P<0.05) in compare to negative control group. Volume of gastric juice indicate the secretions of gastric fluid and it is higher in negative control group and all drug treated group was effective in relation to negative control group (P <0.05).

    [adsense:336x280:8701650588]

  • 21 October 2011
    Preparation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets for an Selected Drug

    About Author: Vipul Kumar Tyagi (B.Pharm)
    Shri Gopichand College Of Pharmacy,
    Ahera (Baghpat)

    Introduction
    Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however hand tremors, dysphasia in case of geriatric patients, the underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems in young individuals and h case of uncooperative patients, the problem of swallowing is common phenomenon which leads to poor patient compliance. To overcome these drawbacks, mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) or orally disintegrating tablets; (ODT) has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. These are novel types; of tablets that disintegrate/dissolve/ disperse in saliva within few seconds. A fast dissolving tablet was prepared by using various super disintegrants taken in different concentration (10%, 12%, and 14%) and one control batch is prepared without disintegrants designated as four different groups of formulations(F-1,F-2,F-3 and F-4) . Chemical incompatibility studies confirmed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients used in the formulations. All the batches are prepared by direct compression method. Effect of disintegrants on the disintegration behaviour was evaluated, and all the tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, water absorption ratio, dissolution, and assay.Direct compression method involves the incorporation of superdisintegrants in to the formulation. Direct compression does not require water or heat during formulation procedure and it is well suited for moisture and heat sensitive drugs. Fast dissolving tablets have so many advantages over liquid dosage form and conventional tablets. Fast dissolving tablet is suited for tablets which are undergoing first pass effect, and it is increase their bioavailability. A fast-dissolving drug delivery system, in most cases, is a tablet that dissolves or disintrigrants in the oral cavity without the need of water or chewing. Most fast-dissolving delivery system films must include substances to mask the taste of the active ingredient. This masked active ingredient is then swallowed by the patient’s saliva along with the soluble and insoluble excipients. These are also called melt-in-mouth tablets, repimelts, porous tablets, oro-dispersible, quick dissolving or rapid disintegrating tablets.

  • 21 October 2011
    Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Sumatriptan and Naproxen by RP - HPLC

    About Author: Rajesh Nuni
    Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
    Vels School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
    Vels University, Pallavaram,
    Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

    Abstract
    A reverse phase HPLC method is developed for the determination of Sumatriptan and naproxen in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out on a C8 column [4.6 x 150mm, 3.5mm, Make: XTerra] using a mixture of potassiumdi hydrogen ortho phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7ml/min. Detection was carried out at 285 nm. The retention time of the drug Naproxen and sumatriptan was 2.24 minand 5.871 min. The method produced linear responses in the concentration range of 60 to 100μg/ml of Sumatriptan and naproxen. The LOD values for HPLC method for naproxen and sumatriptan were found to be 3.20 and 3.36 ng/ml. The LOQ for Naproxn and Sumatriptan were foud to be 9.86 and 9.90 ng/ml respectively. The method was found to be applicable for determination of the drug in tablets.

  • 20 October 2011
    Correlation of Serum Magnesium Level with Increase in Parity and Comparision Among Rural and Urban Pregnant Women

    About Author: Main author: Amar Nagesh Kumar,
    Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry,
    SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius
    Co-author: Robby Kumar,
    Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry,
    SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius

    Abstract
    Objective: To correlate serum magnesium levels among pregnant women with increasing parity and comparison of magnesium levels in rural and urban areas of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

    Materials and Methods: A total of 100 pregnant women with pregnancy duration of 24 weeks and more were enrolled for the study. Blood from the antecubital vein was drawn and serum magnesium levels were estimated by the colorimetric method.

    Results: In all, 48% of the pregnant women had serum levels less than the normal level (1.80 mg/dl). There was a significant decrease in serum magnesium levels with the increase in parity. But no significant decrease of magnesium level in serum was found when compared among rural and urban pregnant women.

  • 19 October 2011
    A Comparative Study of Powder v/s Gel of Proniosomal Drug Delivery System of Flurbiprofen

    About Author: Prajapati S. K., *Sunil Kumar, Singh K. Anup
    Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University,
    Jhansi - 284 128 (U. P.), India.

    Abstract
    In present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate a Comparative study of powder v/s gel of proniosomal drug delivery system of flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen, are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) is used for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. It will be also effected the transdermal system rate because of its size, nature and chemistry, these systems give better drug permeability from biological bioavailability membranes and helps in solubilization of some practically insoluble drugs and hence solve problems of many drug. In the present study we are using various surfactant like span 20, 40, 60, 80, and brij 35 and studided in various proniosomal powder and gel formulation and studie in both result in following formulation. In this result proniosomal gel of formulation brij 35 show better entrapment and highest in vitro drug release. The best result obtain in which formulation which having equimolar ratio(1:1) of brij 35 and cholesterol.The release mechanism was explained with zero order, first order, higuchi equations.

  • 19 October 2011
    Review on Ion Exchange Resin: An Approach towards Sustained / Controlled Release Delivery System

    About Author: Mr. Mahesh W. Thube*, Dr. Sadhana R.Shahi, Mr. Abhay Padalkar
    Mr. Mahesh W. Thube*: Department of Pharmaceutics,
    Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad - 431 005, Maharashtra, India
    Dr. Sadhana R. Shahi: Assisstant Professor, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Department of Pharmaceutics.

    Abstract
    Ion exchange resin (IER) is high molecular weight polyelectrolyte having charged functional site. IER are chemically vinyl, divinyl benzene and polystyrene copolymers. IER in past years have received extensive attention by pharmaceutical industry due to their versatile application. Previously IER were mainly used for water purification only but recently they have been studied for Novel Drug Delivery System. IER are mainly used for taste masking but, they also possess modifying release properties. The IER are complexed with drug to form resinates by batch process or column process. If necessary the resinates are coated with polymeric material by microencapsulation technique. Coated resinates acts as a controllable rate limiting factor for exchange of ions and also for exchange of drug, thus, modifying the release of drugs. The review article highlights the application of sustained and controlled release resinate for the development of various drug delivery system.

  • 18 October 2011
    Spectroflourimetric Method for the Estimation of Darifenacin in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations

    About Author: P. Sai Praveen*, G. Devala Rao, B. Anupama, V. Jagathi
    K. V. S. R Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
    Vijayawada - 520 010.

    Abstract:
    A simple and sensitive spectroflourimetric method has been developed for the estimation of Darifenacin in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Beers law was obeyed in the range of 1 – 5 µg/ml in methanol at an excitation wavelength (λex) of 292nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 314nm with good correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ) for this method are 0.138 and 0.418 µg/ml respectively and the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision was 0.71% and inter-day precision was 1.07%. Stability studies with respect to time and temperature were also carried out. The results obtained were in good agreement with the labelled amounts of the marketed formulations. This method has been statistically evaluated and found to be accurate and precise.

    [adsense:336x280:8701650588]

  • 18 October 2011
    To Study Hospital Formulary Management in Tertiary Care Hospital

    About Author: Vinita Dagar, B. P. Srinivasan
    Research scholar (M.Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Management)
    Department of Pharmaceutical Management
    Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research,
    Delhi University,
    Sec-3, Pushp vihar,
    New Delhi-17, India.

    Abstract
    Access to all medicines that is required in a hospital is needed to be looked after by the hospital management. Formulary list contains those drugs. It is important that all the hospitals have their own formulary list so that these drugs are procured, purchased and used for the patients. Formulary list is a list of drugs selected based on the criteria of safety, efficacy and cost to meet the major requirement of hospital Formulary is a manual that describes each and every medicine or drug enlisted in formulary list i.e. formulary includes strength, dose, dosage form, adverse effects etc of   drugs. Which drugs are to be selected, depends on many factors, such as the pattern of prevalent diseases, the treatment facilities, the training and experience of available personnel, the financial resources, and genetic, demographic and environmental factors and selection criteria A drug and therapeutics committee (DTC) can significantly improve drug use and reduce costs in hospitals and other health care facilities:   inventory can be defined as an idle resource which has an economic value. It is however, commonly used to indicate various items of stores kept in stock in order to meet future demands.

  • 16 October 2011
    Screening and Isolation of Protease Producing Bacteria from Kitchen Exhaust

    About Author: Debashish Satpathy
    Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Berhampur
    Odisha

    Protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases.

    Classification Proteases are currently classified into six groups:
    Serine proteases
    Threonine proteases
    Cysteine proteases
    Aspartic acid proteases
    Metalloproteases
    Glutamic acid proteases

Subscribe to Articles