Articles

21 October 2011

Preparation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets for an Selected Drug

About Author: Vipul Kumar Tyagi (B.Pharm)
Shri Gopichand College Of Pharmacy,
Ahera (Baghpat)

Introduction
Tablet is the most popular among all dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however hand tremors, dysphasia in case of geriatric patients, the underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems in young individuals and h case of uncooperative patients, the problem of swallowing is common phenomenon which leads to poor patient compliance. To overcome these drawbacks, mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) or orally disintegrating tablets; (ODT) has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. These are novel types; of tablets that disintegrate/dissolve/ disperse in saliva within few seconds. A fast dissolving tablet was prepared by using various super disintegrants taken in different concentration (10%, 12%, and 14%) and one control batch is prepared without disintegrants designated as four different groups of formulations(F-1,F-2,F-3 and F-4) . Chemical incompatibility studies confirmed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients used in the formulations. All the batches are prepared by direct compression method. Effect of disintegrants on the disintegration behaviour was evaluated, and all the tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, water absorption ratio, dissolution, and assay.Direct compression method involves the incorporation of superdisintegrants in to the formulation. Direct compression does not require water or heat during formulation procedure and it is well suited for moisture and heat sensitive drugs. Fast dissolving tablets have so many advantages over liquid dosage form and conventional tablets. Fast dissolving tablet is suited for tablets which are undergoing first pass effect, and it is increase their bioavailability. A fast-dissolving drug delivery system, in most cases, is a tablet that dissolves or disintrigrants in the oral cavity without the need of water or chewing. Most fast-dissolving delivery system films must include substances to mask the taste of the active ingredient. This masked active ingredient is then swallowed by the patient’s saliva along with the soluble and insoluble excipients. These are also called melt-in-mouth tablets, repimelts, porous tablets, oro-dispersible, quick dissolving or rapid disintegrating tablets.
21 October 2011

Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Sumatriptan and Naproxen by RP - HPLC

About Author: Rajesh Nuni
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
Vels School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vels University, Pallavaram,
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract
A reverse phase HPLC method is developed for the determination of Sumatriptan and naproxen in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out on a C8 column [4.6 x 150mm, 3.5mm, Make: XTerra] using a mixture of potassiumdi hydrogen ortho phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7ml/min. Detection was carried out at 285 nm. The retention time of the drug Naproxen and sumatriptan was 2.24 minand 5.871 min. The method produced linear responses in the concentration range of 60 to 100μg/ml of Sumatriptan and naproxen. The LOD values for HPLC method for naproxen and sumatriptan were found to be 3.20 and 3.36 ng/ml. The LOQ for Naproxn and Sumatriptan were foud to be 9.86 and 9.90 ng/ml respectively. The method was found to be applicable for determination of the drug in tablets.
20 October 2011

Correlation of Serum Magnesium Level with Increase in Parity and Comparision Among Rural and Urban Pregnant Women

About Author: Main author: Amar Nagesh Kumar,
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry,
SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius
Co-author: Robby Kumar,
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry,
SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius

Abstract
Objective: To correlate serum magnesium levels among pregnant women with increasing parity and comparison of magnesium levels in rural and urban areas of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 pregnant women with pregnancy duration of 24 weeks and more were enrolled for the study. Blood from the antecubital vein was drawn and serum magnesium levels were estimated by the colorimetric method.

Results: In all, 48% of the pregnant women had serum levels less than the normal level (1.80 mg/dl). There was a significant decrease in serum magnesium levels with the increase in parity. But no significant decrease of magnesium level in serum was found when compared among rural and urban pregnant women.
19 October 2011

A Comparative Study of Powder v/s Gel of Proniosomal Drug Delivery System of Flurbiprofen

About Author: Prajapati S. K., *Sunil Kumar, Singh K. Anup
Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University,
Jhansi - 284 128 (U. P.), India.

Abstract
In present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate a Comparative study of powder v/s gel of proniosomal drug delivery system of flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen, are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) is used for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. It will be also effected the transdermal system rate because of its size, nature and chemistry, these systems give better drug permeability from biological bioavailability membranes and helps in solubilization of some practically insoluble drugs and hence solve problems of many drug. In the present study we are using various surfactant like span 20, 40, 60, 80, and brij 35 and studided in various proniosomal powder and gel formulation and studie in both result in following formulation. In this result proniosomal gel of formulation brij 35 show better entrapment and highest in vitro drug release. The best result obtain in which formulation which having equimolar ratio(1:1) of brij 35 and cholesterol.The release mechanism was explained with zero order, first order, higuchi equations.
19 October 2011

Review on Ion Exchange Resin: An Approach towards Sustained / Controlled Release Delivery System

About Author: Mr. Mahesh W. Thube*, Dr. Sadhana R.Shahi, Mr. Abhay Padalkar
Mr. Mahesh W. Thube*: Department of Pharmaceutics,
Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad - 431 005, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Sadhana R. Shahi: Assisstant Professor, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Department of Pharmaceutics.

Abstract
Ion exchange resin (IER) is high molecular weight polyelectrolyte having charged functional site. IER are chemically vinyl, divinyl benzene and polystyrene copolymers. IER in past years have received extensive attention by pharmaceutical industry due to their versatile application. Previously IER were mainly used for water purification only but recently they have been studied for Novel Drug Delivery System. IER are mainly used for taste masking but, they also possess modifying release properties. The IER are complexed with drug to form resinates by batch process or column process. If necessary the resinates are coated with polymeric material by microencapsulation technique. Coated resinates acts as a controllable rate limiting factor for exchange of ions and also for exchange of drug, thus, modifying the release of drugs. The review article highlights the application of sustained and controlled release resinate for the development of various drug delivery system.
18 October 2011

Spectroflourimetric Method for the Estimation of Darifenacin in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations

About Author: P. Sai Praveen*, G. Devala Rao, B. Anupama, V. Jagathi
K. V. S. R Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vijayawada - 520 010.

Abstract:
A simple and sensitive spectroflourimetric method has been developed for the estimation of Darifenacin in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Beers law was obeyed in the range of 1 – 5 µg/ml in methanol at an excitation wavelength (λex) of 292nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 314nm with good correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ) for this method are 0.138 and 0.418 µg/ml respectively and the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision was 0.71% and inter-day precision was 1.07%. Stability studies with respect to time and temperature were also carried out. The results obtained were in good agreement with the labelled amounts of the marketed formulations. This method has been statistically evaluated and found to be accurate and precise.

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18 October 2011

To Study Hospital Formulary Management in Tertiary Care Hospital

About Author: Vinita Dagar, B. P. Srinivasan
Research scholar (M.Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Management)
Department of Pharmaceutical Management
Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research,
Delhi University,
Sec-3, Pushp vihar,
New Delhi-17, India.

Abstract
Access to all medicines that is required in a hospital is needed to be looked after by the hospital management. Formulary list contains those drugs. It is important that all the hospitals have their own formulary list so that these drugs are procured, purchased and used for the patients. Formulary list is a list of drugs selected based on the criteria of safety, efficacy and cost to meet the major requirement of hospital Formulary is a manual that describes each and every medicine or drug enlisted in formulary list i.e. formulary includes strength, dose, dosage form, adverse effects etc of drugs. Which drugs are to be selected, depends on many factors, such as the pattern of prevalent diseases, the treatment facilities, the training and experience of available personnel, the financial resources, and genetic, demographic and environmental factors and selection criteria A drug and therapeutics committee (DTC) can significantly improve drug use and reduce costs in hospitals and other health care facilities: inventory can be defined as an idle resource which has an economic value. It is however, commonly used to indicate various items of stores kept in stock in order to meet future demands.
16 October 2011

Screening and Isolation of Protease Producing Bacteria from Kitchen Exhaust

About Author: Debashish Satpathy
Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Berhampur
Odisha

Protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases.

Classification Proteases are currently classified into six groups:
Serine proteases
Threonine proteases
Cysteine proteases
Aspartic acid proteases
Metalloproteases
Glutamic acid proteases
15 October 2011

Skin Penetration Enhancement Techniques in Transdermal Drug Delivery System: Overcoming the Skin Barrier

About Author:
Vipra Adlakha, Sunita Nirban, Sunil Kumar
Lord Shiva College of Pharmacy,
Sirsa,
Haryana

Abstract
Transdermal drug technology specialists are continuing to search for new methods that can effectively and painlessly deliver larger molecules in therapeutic quantities to overcome the difficulties associated with the oral route, namely poor bioavailability due to hepatic metabolism (first pass) and the tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (both high and low). As all the drugs do not meet the physicochemical properties required for transdermal drug delivery. So, these techniques are required. Although addition of penetration enhancers increases permeation of drugs but that is not sufficient to ensure delivery of therapeutically effective concentration of drug therefore, several new active rate controlled TDDS technologies (drug and vehicle drug selection, vesicles and particles, Horney layer modified, Horney layer bypassed, Electrically driven and some other techniques) are being employed. This review article covers most of the new active transport technologies involved in enhancing the transdermal permeation into an effective DDS.
13 October 2011

Evaluating Cassia tora Linn. Seeds for their Antimicrobial Potential with Special Reference to Skin Infections

About Author: Saurabh Jain.*1, M.D.Kharya and Jain Aakansha2
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
2 Department of Microbiology
Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar (M.P.), India.470003

Abstract
Due to increasing resistance to existing synthetic antimicrobial agents, herbal drugs are being looked as importance source for treating various ailments related to skin infections and also for the discovery of new antimicrobial molecules for their synthesis. Cassia tora is a well known plant possessing wide range of pharmacological activities. It has been used in India as folk remedy in the form of decoctions and infusions to treat bacterial and fungal infections and also claimed to be effective against variety of skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, wounds etc. Although this plant, particularly its seeds have been reported to have antimicrobial activities, but no targeted and specific study has been reported. The present investigation was carried out to study this unexplored area of this drug. As the seeds of C. tora possess good antimicrobial activity, it was thought worked to scientifically explore its potential on microorganisms effecting human beings especially on skin, so that safe and effective herbal treatment can be developed for the same.