Articles

About Author:
Rajesh Mujoriya
Sardar patel college of technology,
Balaghat, dis. Balaghat,
MP–481001,INDIA

Abstract
Microspheres offer an excellent solution to creating precise pore sizes in ceramics at reasonable prices.  Polyethylene microspheres offer the added benefit of minimal residue after firing, and the availability in wide size ranges from a few micron up to 1000um (1mm).    Highly spherical microspheres have the added benefit of creating strong pores without any stress risers. Biodegradable microspheres are used to control drug release rates thereby decreasing toxic side effects, and eliminating the inconvenience of repeated injections. Microparticulate carrier system can be administered through different routes such as i.v,ocular,i.m,oral,intra arterial.etc.Each routes has it’s own biological significance, limitation & pharmaceutical feasibility.

About Authors:
Manoj,
Shekhawati College of Pharmacy,
Dundlod

1) Introduction:
Packaging can be defined as an economical means of providing presentation, protection, identification information, containment, convenience and compliance for a product during storage, carriage, display and until the product is consumed. Packaging must provide protection against climatic conditions biological, physical and chemical hazards and must be economical. The package must ensure adequate stability of the product throughout the shelf life.¹

About Author:
Rajesh Mujoriya
Sardar patel college of technology,
Balaghat, dis. Balaghat,
MP–481001,INDIA

Abstract
Ischaemic Heart Disease is a condition that affects the supply of blood to the heart. The blood vessels are blocked due to the deposition of cholesterol plaques on their walls. This reduces the supply of oxygen  and  nutrients  to the  heart musculature, which is essential for proper functioning of the heart. This may eventually result in a portion of the heart being suddenly deprived of its blood supply leading to the death of that area of heart tissue, resulting in heart attack.  
 In 1963 the Ministry of Railways carried out a survey with a view to ascertaining the number of deaths due to ischimic heart disease among railway populations in different parts of the country. The method employed was to obtain data from all the railway zones on a proforma based on W.H.O. classification 420, for arteriosclerotic, including coronary heart disease.
The epidemiology studies have provided several key points of information related to the risk of developing IHD. First, several specific risk factors for IHD have been identified. Second, evidence that these factors are closely related to environmental and life-style changes implies that risk factors are potentially alterable. Third, these studies have stimulated further consideration and investigation of the basic mechanism of atherosclerosis. Angiographic studies have indicated a direct relationship between the risk factors and the severity of coronary disease.

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About Authors:
Namdeo K.P. Dr.¹, Bodhake S. H.¹,  Dwedi J. Dr.², S. Shamim Dr.³ , Saifi Alimuddin³*
¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, CG.
²Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Rajasthan.
³Translam Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Meerut.

Abstract
Ficus bengalensisis an indigenous plant belonging to family Moraceae possessing varied medicinal properties like antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiseptic and also tender ends of hanging roots are prescribed to stop vomiting. Standardization is a method of assuring a minimum level of active ingredients in the extract and is becoming increasingly important as a means of ensuring a consistent supply of high quality phytopharmaceutical products. The World health Organization (WHO) emphasized the need to ensure quality control of medicinal plants products by using modern techniques and applying suitable standards. The following protocols for standardization of raw materials have been developedas authentication, foreign matter, macroscopic and microscopic examination, ash valueand extractive value, loss on drying, moisture content, Total flavonoid, total phenolic and total tannin contents determination of heavy metals, microbial contaminationand chromatographic profile(TLC &HPTLC).

About Authors:
Tarun Garg, Ajay Bilandi,
Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.college of technical education,
Sri Ganganagar

ABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to improve the solubilization and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by using various approaches like physical, chemical and others modifications or techniques. The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Drug efficacy can be severely limited by poor aqueous solubility and some drugs also show side effects due to their poor solubility. There are many techniques which are used to enhance the aqueous solubility. The ability to increase aqueous solubility can thus be a valuable aid to increasing efficiency and/or reducing side effects for certain drugs. This is true for parenterally, topically and orally administered solutions. Physical modifications techniques like media milling/ nanocrystal technology, cryogenic technology, supercritical fluid process, modification of the crystal habit,complexation, micellar technologies, chemical modifications, other techniques like co-crystallization, cosolvency, hydrotrophy are used for increase the solubility of very soluble drugs like dolargin, loperamide, tubocurarine, doxorubicin, ibuprofen, griseofulvin, diazepam, naproxen, carbamazepine, nifedipine, phytosterol etc.

About Authors:
Ratnadeep V. Ghadage (M. Pharmacy)
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy,
South Shivaji Nagar, Sangli-416416,
Maharashtra

ABSTRACT:
Quinoxaline derivatives have emerged as an important class of benzoheterocycles because of their diverse pharmacological and biological properties, which make them privileged structures in combinatorial drug discovery libraries. Also Quinoxaline derivatives constitute useful intermediates in organic synthesis. The pharmaco-logical importance of quinoxalines and their utility as building blocks in organic synthesis have directed considerable research activities toward the synthesis of suitably substituted quinoxaline rings. Extensive researches have generated numerous synthetic approaches for the construction of the skeleton of such heterocycles. Quinoxalines are, in general, comparatively easy to prepare, and numerous derivatives have been designed and prepared for potential use as biologically active materials. Oxidation of both nitrogen of the quinoxaline ring dramatically increases the diversity of certain biological properties.
Quinoxalines, including their fused-ring derivatives, display diverse pharmacological activities.A number of synthetic strategies have been developed for the preparation of substituted quinoxalines. The classical synthesis of quinoxalines involves the condensation of an aromatic 1, 2-diamine with a 1, 2-dicarbonyl compound. The reaction is facile and is the most widely used synthetic method for both quinoxaline itself and its derivatives. Despite remarkable efforts,the development of an effective method for the synthesis of quinoxalines is still an important challenge.

About Author:
Rajesh Mujoriya
Sardar patel college of technology,
Balaghat, dis. Balaghat,
MP–481001,INDIA

Abstract
A neoplasm or tumor is a abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissue and continues in the same manner after cessation of the stimuli which have initiated it.
A malignant tumor grows rapidly and continuously, and even when it has impoverished its host and source of nutrition, still retains the potentiality for further proliferation. Besides, malignanat tumors invade and destroys neighbouring tissues and possess no effective capsule, a malignant tumors readily ulcerate and tend sooner or later dessiminate and form metastases.

About Authors:
Rajkumar Bolledula*, Priyanka.Mare¹, Sunanda.Mare²
*Department of pharmaceutical analysis, Assistant professor in MITS college of pharmacy, H.No.41-64-s, saibabanagar, Kurnool-518004, A.P, India.
1.Department of pharmaceutics, Assistant professor, Mits college of pharmacy, Block .no.mc2/2, singareni colony, tekulapally,yellandu,khammam-507123,A.P,India
2.Department of pharmacology, J.K.K.Natarajan college of pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu

ABSTRACT
This article describes the quantitative determination of percentage of drug concentration in pure and in formulated pharmaceutical dosage forms by using RP-HPLC. Procedure does not require prior separation of components from the sample.The mobile phase consists of methanol-water (80:20 v/v) for RP-HPLC with injection volume of 20μl.The RP-HPLC method was developed on a C-8 (150x4.6mm) column with detection carried out by variable wavelength detector at 209nm and 220 nm for ramipril, cardace, odopril respectively…Thus the Rt values obtained for different dosage forms are 1.59,1.44,1.34,1.35…..respectively with the concentration of 100% for pure drug and 97.54%,91.03%,65.76%.......respectively.

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About Authors:
Jatin Sharma*, Dharmendra kumar{Sr. Lecturer}, Amarjeet Singh
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shobhit University,
Meerut

Abstract
Objective: Clerodendrum serratum.(L)belong to family Verbenaceae a have long history as source of potential chemotherapeutic agents in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicine.Clerodendrum serratum (L), Ban-Bakri is commonly known as Bharangi in Hindi and Bhargavi in Sanskrit. It is found from 1000 to 1800 meters above mean sea level. It is distributed in warmer regions of Deccan and Carnatic, West Coast districts of Tamil Nadu, Kumaon, Sikkim, and Assam.Clerodendrum serratumis one of the important plants from traditional system of medicine found all over the world.

Keyfinding: This review is intended to provide the currently available information on traditional and local knowledge, ethnobotanical and ethnomedical issues, identification of pharmacologically important molecules, and biochemical and pharmacological studies of this useful plant.

Summary: Clerodendrum serratum has been cited in many indigenous systems of health care for the treatment of variety of disorders. An extensively used as folk medicines for years have been investigated for their chemical constituents and biological activity to confirm these traditional claims.