Articles

About Authors: NIDHI KARIA^1*, RAKHI CHANDAK¹, ARATI  RATHI²
1. P.WADHWANI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,YAVATMAL
2. ASST PROFFESER AT SUMANDEEP DEPARMENT OF PHARMACY, VADODARA

Abstract:
Bioadhesion can be defined as the process by which a natural or a synthetic polymer can adhere to a biological substrate. When the biological substrate is a mucosal layer then the phenomena is known as mucoadhesion. The substrate possessing bioadhesive property can help in devising a delivery system capable of delivering a bioactive agent for a prolonged period of time at a specific delivery site. The current review  provides  a good insight on mucoadhesive polymers, the phenomenon of mucoadhesion and the factors which have the ability to affect the mucoadhesive properties of a polymer.

About Authors: NIDHI KARIA¹, RAKHI CHANDAK¹, ARATI  RATHI²
1. P.WADHWANI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,YAVATMAL
2. ASST PROFFESER AT SUMANDEEP DEPARMENT OF PHARMACY, VADODARA

INTRODUCTION:
The advent of the new drug delivery systems (oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, needle-free, etc.) and the development of new biochemical compounds have resulted in a need not only for enhanced protection against such factors as moisture, light, oxygen, or mechanical forces, but also for packaging forms to play a more integral role in drug delivery. A large number of lyophilized or freeze-dried drugs, for example, are currently available, and the list is growing. Biotech drugs by their very nature are much less stable than conventional compounds and demand a different mode of delivery. In this article, we will describe in more detail several examples of delivery systems to show how packaging, with an emphasis on blister and flexible materials, is being put to the test today.

About Authors:
Sudhir Ghawade,
Vidyabharati college of pharmacy,
Amravati

Abstract:
In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world.Caesalpinia crista (Caesalpiniaceae)plant is well known for its medicinal and therapeutic values in Indian Ayurveda.The Indian traditional scriptures as well as the Ayurvedic texts have various references to the use of this plant. The bitter principles Bonducin and Natin are the primary constituent of Caesalpinia crista apart from linolic acid, fatty acid, setasitosterol and different diterpenes  which mainly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic action. The plant has been recommended for the treatment of various diseases and disorders such as Antispasmodic, Malarial fever, leucorrhea, abdominal pain , rheumatoid, arthritis, diabetes,cystic fibrosis,  amenorrhoea. The herb is used both, internally as well as externally. The present review attempts to provide comphrensive information on pharmacology, phytochemical study,toxicity, traditional uses and current research prospects of the herb.

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About Authors:
Singh khushboo, Sharma monica,
Ram gopal college of pharmacy,
Gurgaon

ABSTRACT
Approximately 40% of new drug candidate have poor water solubility and oral delivery of such drug is frequently associated with implications of low bioavailabilty,high inter and intra subject variability, lack of dose proportionality. Bioavalibilty of lipophilic drug can be solved by formation of self emulsifying drug delivery system.SEDDS are belongs to lipid formulation and size range is from 100nm[SEDDS] less than 50nm[SMEDDS] and contain a isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant and co surfactant which are emulsified in aqueous media under condition of gentle agitation. The theory behind dissolution rate improvement by means of SEDDS is the spontaneous development of emulsion in GIT with mild agitation provide by gastric motility, which present the drug in solubilized form,small size of formed droplet provided a large inter facial area for absorption,due to small globule size thAT can be easily absorb through lymphatic pathway, thereby passing hepatic pathway.

About Authors:
Prashant L. Pingale, Anjali P. Pingale  
Department of Pharmaceutics & Quality Assurance,
School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS Shirpur Campus
Shirpur Dist: Dhule Maharashtra
INDIA 425405.

ABSTRACT:
Tablets or capsules taken orally remain one of the most effective means of treatment available. The effectiveness of such dosage forms relies on the drug dissolving in the fluids of the gastrointestinal tract prior to absorption into the systemic circulation. The rate of dissolution of the tablet or capsule is therefore crucial.
Drug release in the human body can be measured ‘in-vivo’ by measuring the plasma or urine concentrations in the subject concerned. However, there are certain obvious impracticalities involved in employing such techniques on a routine basis. These difficulties have led to the introduction of official ‘in-vitro’ tests which are now rigorously and comprehensively defined in the respective Pharmacopoeia.
Although initially developed for oral dosage forms, the role of the dissolution test has now been extended to ‘drug release’ studies on various other forms such as topical and transdermal systems and suppositories.

About Authors:
Kataria Sahil,Middha Akanksha, Sandhu Premjeet
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA

ABSTRACT
Method validation is the process used to confirm that the analytical procedure employed for a specific test is suitable for its intended use. Results from method validation can be used to judge the quality, reliability, and consistency of analytical results; it is an integral part of any good analytical practice. When extended to an analytical procedure, depending upon the application, it means that a method works reproducibly, when carried out by same or different persons, in same or different laboratories, using different  reagents,  different  equipment etc.  In  this  review  article  we  discussed  about  the  strategy  and  importance  of  validation  of  analytical  methods.

About Authors:
D.Ramadevi and S.Ganapaty*
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam -530 003, India

Abstract
The fusidic acid(ent-16α-acetoxy-3β-dihydroxy-4β,8β,14α-trimethyl-18-nor-5β,10α-cholesta-(17z)-17(20),24-dien-21-oic acid) together with known compounds β-sitosterol, 2-methylanthraquinone, scopoletin, betulinic acid, corchoroside –A and cannogenol  from  the root extract of Corchorus olitorius. Out of these compounds, 2 - methyl anthraquinone and fusidic acids were new to the genus Corchorus and reported for the first time from C.olitorius. The triterpenoid antibiotic fusidic acid was  obtained earlier from a fungi (Fusidium coccineum) , is now reported from the plant C.olitorius.  Occurance  of coumarins in Corchorus genus are rare, but the author could isolate scopoletin, a coumarin from this species.

About Authors:
Dr. A. K. Pathak, Parul Sengar, Kamlesh Kumar*
Department of Pharmacy, Barkatullah University
Bhopal, M. P.

Abstract
A Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship study on a Series of 40 molecules of (4-Quinolylhydrazone compounds) with anti-tubercular activity analogues was made using combination of various physicochemical descriptors (Thermodynamic, electronic and spatial). Several statistical expressions for 2D QSAR & 3D QSAR were developed using stepwise partial least square (PLS) regression analysis and K-Nearest neighboring molecular field analysis (K-NNMFA) respectively. The studies on 2D-QSAR, suggested the four descriptors T_C_C_2, T_C_N_4, Surface area excluding P & S, SsCH3E-index, and H donor count were common and highly contributed the activity. 2DQSAR model developed using partial least square regression approach. Negative logarithmic value of (MIC) was taken as dependent variable and selected discriptors were taken as independent varable. The analysis resulted in the following 2D-equation suggest that, MIC50 = [+0.1587 T_C_C_2- 0.0593 SsCH3E-index- 0.1395 T_C_N_4+ 0.3888 H-Donor Count -3.1556], n =26; Degree of freedom = 22; r² = 0.75; q² = 0.67; F test = 22.63;  r² se = 0.20 ; q² se = 0.23; pred_r² = 0.46 ; pred_r² se = 0.24, a H-donor group at Ar, is important for guiding the design of a new molecule. 3DQSAR model developed using K-nearest neighbour method (training set =33 and test set = 7). The best model derived by the method have q2 = 0.51, q2_se = 0.25, Predr2 = 0.71, pred_r2se = 0.16, n=33, k Nearest Neighbor is 2, Degree of freedom =28. The steric and electrostatic descriptors at the grid points, E_916 (0.1865, 0.3006); S_591 (-0.2851, -0.2580); S_1027 (-0.3273, -0.3090); S926 (30.000, 30.000) plays important role for design of new molecule. 3DQSAR analysis of series of 4-Quinolylhydrazone compounds informed that electropositive and less bulky group increases the biological activity.

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About Authors:
Dr.Vivek Srivastav (Ph.D)
Maxcure drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
B-7, Laxmi Tower-II, Block-C, L.S.C.
Saraswati Vihar, Delhi-110034

Gout is a kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in the joints. Acute gout is a painful condition that typically affects one joint. Chronic gout is repeated episodes of pain and inflammation, which may involve more than one joint. Gout is a medical condition usually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis—a red, tender, hot, swollen joint. The metatarsal-phalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is affected most often (condition also known as podagra¹), accounting for half of cases. Other joints, such as the heels, knees, wrists and fingers, may also be affected. Joint pain usually begins over 2–4 hours and during the night. The reason for onset at night is due to the lower body temperature then. Other symptoms that may occur along with the joint pain include fatigue and a high fever