Articles

6 November 2011

ROUTES OF QUINOXALINE NUCLEUS SYNTHESIS: A REVIEW

About Authors:
Ratnadeep V. Ghadage (M. Pharmacy)
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy,
South Shivaji Nagar, Sangli-416416,
Maharashtra

ABSTRACT:
Quinoxaline derivatives have emerged as an important class of benzoheterocycles because of their diverse pharmacological and biological properties, which make them privileged structures in combinatorial drug discovery libraries. Also Quinoxaline derivatives constitute useful intermediates in organic synthesis. The pharmaco-logical importance of quinoxalines and their utility as building blocks in organic synthesis have directed considerable research activities toward the synthesis of suitably substituted quinoxaline rings. Extensive researches have generated numerous synthetic approaches for the construction of the skeleton of such heterocycles. Quinoxalines are, in general, comparatively easy to prepare, and numerous derivatives have been designed and prepared for potential use as biologically active materials. Oxidation of both nitrogen of the quinoxaline ring dramatically increases the diversity of certain biological properties.
Quinoxalines, including their fused-ring derivatives, display diverse pharmacological activities.A number of synthetic strategies have been developed for the preparation of substituted quinoxalines. The classical synthesis of quinoxalines involves the condensation of an aromatic 1, 2-diamine with a 1, 2-dicarbonyl compound. The reaction is facile and is the most widely used synthetic method for both quinoxaline itself and its derivatives. Despite remarkable efforts,the development of an effective method for the synthesis of quinoxalines is still an important challenge.
4 November 2011

Antineoplastic Agent: Chemotherapeutic Treatment to Fight against Cancer

About Author:
Rajesh Mujoriya
Sardar patel college of technology,
Balaghat, dis. Balaghat,
MP–481001,INDIA

Abstract
A neoplasm or tumor is a abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissue and continues in the same manner after cessation of the stimuli which have initiated it.
A malignant tumor grows rapidly and continuously, and even when it has impoverished its host and source of nutrition, still retains the potentiality for further proliferation. Besides, malignanat tumors invade and destroys neighbouring tissues and possess no effective capsule, a malignant tumors readily ulcerate and tend sooner or later dessiminate and form metastases.
3 November 2011

QUANTITATIVE DERTERMINATION IN COMPARISION OF RAMIPRIL IN PURE FORM WITH OTHER PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP – HPLC

About Authors:
Rajkumar Bolledula*, Priyanka.Mare¹, Sunanda.Mare²
*Department of pharmaceutical analysis, Assistant professor in MITS college of pharmacy, H.No.41-64-s, saibabanagar, Kurnool-518004, A.P, India.
1.Department of pharmaceutics, Assistant professor, Mits college of pharmacy, Block .no.mc2/2, singareni colony, tekulapally,yellandu,khammam-507123,A.P,India
2.Department of pharmacology, J.K.K.Natarajan college of pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu

ABSTRACT
This article describes the quantitative determination of percentage of drug concentration in pure and in formulated pharmaceutical dosage forms by using RP-HPLC. Procedure does not require prior separation of components from the sample.The mobile phase consists of methanol-water (80:20 v/v) for RP-HPLC with injection volume of 20μl.The RP-HPLC method was developed on a C-8 (150x4.6mm) column with detection carried out by variable wavelength detector at 209nm and 220 nm for ramipril, cardace, odopril respectively…Thus the Rt values obtained for different dosage forms are 1.59,1.44,1.34,1.35…..respectively with the concentration of 100% for pure drug and 97.54%,91.03%,65.76%.......respectively.

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3 November 2011

Clerodendrum Serratum.(L) : Traditional Uses And Recent Findings

About Authors:
Jatin Sharma*, Dharmendra kumar{Sr. Lecturer}, Amarjeet Singh
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shobhit University,
Meerut

Abstract
Objective: Clerodendrum serratum.(L)belong to family Verbenaceae a have long history as source of potential chemotherapeutic agents in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicine.Clerodendrum serratum (L), Ban-Bakri is commonly known as Bharangi in Hindi and Bhargavi in Sanskrit. It is found from 1000 to 1800 meters above mean sea level. It is distributed in warmer regions of Deccan and Carnatic, West Coast districts of Tamil Nadu, Kumaon, Sikkim, and Assam.Clerodendrum serratumis one of the important plants from traditional system of medicine found all over the world.

Keyfinding: This review is intended to provide the currently available information on traditional and local knowledge, ethnobotanical and ethnomedical issues, identification of pharmacologically important molecules, and biochemical and pharmacological studies of this useful plant.

Summary: Clerodendrum serratum has been cited in many indigenous systems of health care for the treatment of variety of disorders. An extensively used as folk medicines for years have been investigated for their chemical constituents and biological activity to confirm these traditional claims.
2 November 2011

To find out penetration of transdermal preparation of boots ibuprofen gel (10%) at different frequencies on cellulose membrane using ultrasound device

About Author:
Mr. RAJU A. MODHAVADIYA
School of Life Sciences
University of Hertfordshire, UK

Abstract:
The main concept of the study was to find out the penetration of boots ibuprofen gel at different frequencies such as 20 kHz and 40 kHz through cellulose membrane exposed to ultrasound. Different sonicator bath were used for different frequencies. Ultrasound has been used to enhance penetration of ibuprofen from transdermal preparation. Boots ibuprofen gel was used in the experiment. Ibuprofen is a NSAIDs drug which is used to enhance healing effect against inflammation, pain and analgesics.
Frequency, intensities, duty cycle are the important factor. In this experiment frequency variable was used. 20 kHz and 40 kHz frequencies were used in this experiment.Boots ibuprofen gel max (10%) was used to measure the penetration of ibuprofen through the cellulose membrane exposed to ultrasound. By using the Franz diffusion cell penetration of ibuprofen was found out. An amount of ibuprofen permeated through cellulose membrane was found out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Penetration of ibuprofen was found out more lower frequency. However the penetration ibuprofen also increase compare to control in first hour. The ANOVA result: sample assuming equal variances were performed to find out significance difference (P<0.05) between control and different ultrasound frequencies and also the rate gradients were measured. The P value got for the control and 40 kHz frequency was 0.123, which indicate that there is no significance difference observed for permeation of ibuprofen from gel . P value of control and 20 kHz frequency applying for 2 min was 0.05 which was similar P value, which shows that nearly significance observed between two value. The P value of control and 20 kHz for 5 minute was 0.002 which indicate that there was a significance observed between this two value. From the result it shows that lower frequency with more time give good penetration result.
1 November 2011

BRIEF REVIEW ON CLINICAL TRIALS

About Author:Ratnadeep V. Ghadage.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli,
Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT:
Any investigation in human subjects intended to discover or verify the clinical, pharmacological and/or other pharmacodynamic effects of an investigational product(s), and/or to identify any adverse reactions to an investigational product(s), and/or to study absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of an investigational product(s) with the object of ascertaining its safety and/or efficacy. The terms clinical trial and clinical study are synonymous. Clinical trials examine the safety and efficacy of interventions, or treatments, in human subjects. This manuscript focuses on pharmaceutical clinical trials. The word subject is used deliberately here, since all participants in clinical trials are subjects, even if they are under the care of a personal physician, and therefore patients in that context, at the time of the trial. The pharmaceutical industry is now a more significant investor in clinical trials, but in addition to these opportunities, it is being challenged by the financial impact of managed care and medicaid regulations on academic medical-center revenues. Besides that, there is growing public concern about our systems for protection of human subjects, along with some conflicts. There are public expectations that clinical research will yield substantial advances in the health of the public. Once clinical research studies are completed and a drug has been approved for marketing by a regulatory agency, reports of the drug’s safety and efficacy will be published in the clinical literature. This dissemination of the results provides clinicians and research scientists with evidence of the beneficial administration of the drug.
1 November 2011

BUSINESS ETHICS: MANAGEMENT AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE

About Authors:
PANKAJ MUSYUNI*, PROF. (Dr.) B.P. NAGORI¹, Mr. AKASH MIDHA²
*M. Pharm. (Pharma Management & Regulatory Affairs)
1 Director, Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology
2. Lecturer, Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology
Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology
‘Pharmacy Wing’, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
INDIA

ABSTRACT
Ethics can be explained as branch of philosophy related with the implication of all aspects of human behavior and nature. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview and relevance of business ethics in management and pharmaceutical industry scenario. The rationale of business can not be only illustrated by profit maximization but also by the social concern of the organization. This paper demonstrates the concept of business ethics with various attributes, factors and impact on society and also emphasize on code of ethics and its importance. Present paper also discusses common ethical problems within a pharmaceutical organization. A practical approach as case studies related to pharmaceutical industries will identify the issues and implications for ethical development, advancement and globalization of business ethics. Concept of paper focuses attention on the development of an attitude which should be adopted to understand various terms of ethics and development for social and business concern.
31 October 2011

SHORT INFORMATIVE REVIEW ON SINGLE SHOT INSULIN FOR DIABETICS

About Author:
Vijay M. Waghulkar^1* (M.Pharm, D.B.M.), Dr. Supriya S. Deshpande² (M.Pharm, Ph.D), Pooja A. Kohle³(M.Sc)
*Corresponding author
1. Lecturer, Dept of Quality Assurance
Vidyabharati, College of Pharmacy, Camp, Amravati – 444601,
Maharastra, India.

2.Professor and HOD
Punjabrao Memorial Medical College of Pharmacy,
Panchvati, , Amravati – 444602,
Maharastra, India

3. Lecturer,Dept. Cosmectic Technology
Vidyabharati Mahavidyala, Camp, Amravati – 444601,
Maharastra, India.

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin producD.Diabetes mellitus often referred to as diabetes—is a condition in which the body either does not produce enough, or does not properly respond to, insulin, a hormoneproduced in the pancreas. Insulin enables cells to absorb glucose in order to turn it into energy. This causes glucose to accumulate in the blood, leading to various potential complications.

To overcome such complication Indian scientist have develop new techniques for diabetics i.e. single shot insulin which , is very essentials, blessful, create new ray of hope to the patients of diabetics ,give relief upto 120 days.
31 October 2011

AN INSIGHT OF GENOMICS: MEDICAL PROSPECTIVE

About Author:
Robby Kumar*, Amar Nagesh Kumar*
*Department of Biochemistry,
SSR Medical College, Mauritius

ABSTRACT
Genomics is the study of an organism's genome and the use of the genes. It deals with the systematic use of genome information, associated with other data, to provide answers in biology, medicine, and industry.

Genomics has the potential of offering new therapeutic methods for the treatment of some diseases, as well as new diagnostic methods. Other applications are in the food and agriculture sectors. The major tools and methods related to genomics are bioinformatics, genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, and determination of gene function.

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31 October 2011

Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Tablet Dosage Form

About Author:
D. J. Kalena^*, C. N. Patel
Department of Quality Assurance,
Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College,
Near arvind baug, Mehsana - 384 001, Gujarat, India

A simple, precise, accurate and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin calcium and olmesartan medoxomil in combined dosage forms. The stationary phase used was TLC aluminium plate precoated with silica gel 60F₂₅₄. The mobile phase used was a mixture of acetonitrile: chloroform: methanol: 10% glacial acetic acid (7: 2: 1.5: 0.1 v/v/v/v). The system was found to give compact spot for both atorvastatin and olmesartan (R_f value 0.5±0.01 and 0.76±0.02 respectively). The densitometric analysis of spot was carried out in reflectance mode at 253 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, precision, robustness and accuracy. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 200 to 800 ng/spot for atorvastatin and 400 to 1600 ng/spot for olmesartan. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for the atorvastatin were found to be 178.239 and 540.11 ng/spot and for olmesartan 40.10 and 121.51 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method can be successfully used to determine the drug content of marketed tablet formulation.