Articles

ABOUT AUTHORS:
MHG Dehgan, Satapathy Asis Amitav*
Y.B.Chavan College of Pharmacy,
Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus,
Auranagbad-431001 (MS),
*asish.apharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Nasal route for the administration of drugs is used as an alternative route for the systemic availability of drugs restricted to intravenous administration. This is due to the large surface area, porous endothelial membrane, high total blood flow, the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and ready accessibility. The nasal administration of drugs, including many biotechnological compounds like hormones, vaccines, peptide and protein drugs to give enhanced bioavailability. Many drug delivery methods for nasal availability of liquid, semisolid and solid formulation are investigated to avail the drugs to treat most CNS diseases (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Migraine attack) because it requires rapid and/or specific targeted delivery of drugs to the brain.
In this review we discuss some factors affecting nasal absorption, bio-availability barriers, and strategies to improve nasal absorption, new developments in nasal dosage form design and applications of nasal drug delivery system and the effects of microspheres, liposomes and other bioadhesive drug delivery systems on nasal drug absorption.

About Authors:
KALPESH PATEL, JAYACHANDRAN E.*, SREENIVASA G.M.
* P.G. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
S.C.S. College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli-583131,
Karanataka, India.
*drjc_2006@rediffmail.com, kalpesh.m.pharm@gmail.com

Abstract
Various substituted 3-amino-1-(2,4-dinitro phenyl)-5-[(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]-1-H-pyrazole-4-carboxyamide and (5E)-5-[4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene]-3-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-3,5-di hydro-4H-imidazol-4-one have been synthesised and evaluated for antiinflammatory activity. Structure of these products has been established by IR, ¹H NMR data. Significant activity were observed for some members of the series.

About Authors:
S.Kameshwaran^1*, V.Suresh¹, M.Mohanraj^2
1Department of pharmacology,
JKK munirajah medical research foundation and College of Pharmacy,
B.Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu - 638183
²Marineboitoxinology labs, CAS in marine biology, Annamalai university,
Chidambaram, Tamilnadu-608502
*kamesh.pharm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Tecoma stans flowers have been traditionally used for many ailments including cancer. In the present study, anti cancer activity of methanolic flower extract of T.stans (METS) was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo methods. METS was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigations by using standard procedures. In vitro antitumor activity of METS was evaluated by the MTT assay methodusing Vero and HEP-2 cell lines. Then the extract subjected to in vivo anti cancer activity using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor model. The activity was assessed Increase in life span, average increase in body weight, changes in food intake, tumor volume, tumor weight, viable cell count, non viable cell count, PCV, Total cell count and hematological studies. The potency of the extract was compared with standard 5-flurouracil (20 mg/kg i.p.).In in vitro anti cancer activity METS exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both cell lines even at different concentrations. Oral administration of METS at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/Kg, significantly (p < 0.001) increased the survival time, non viable cell count and decreased the average body weight and food intake, viable cell count of the tumor bearing mice. After 14 days of inoculation, METS was able to reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, protein and PCV consequent to tumor inoculation.The results indicate that METS possess significant antitumor activity on dose dependent manner.

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About Authors:
Megana.H.S*, A.Satish Kumar Shetty, Anil Kumar S.M
*Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
National College of Pharmacy, Balraj Urs road,
Shimoga-577201,
Karnataka, India.
megana.leo@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A novel, accurate, precise, sensitive, economic and rapid spectrophotometric methods has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Triamterene and Benzthiazide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Triamterene and Benzthiazide showed absorption maxima at 363 nm and 283 nm in ethanol, which is used as solvent. In the present study, Area Under Curve method (Method A) developed, employedthe measurement of area at selected analytical wavelength ranges. Two analytical wavelength ranges selected were 358nm to 368nm nm (lmax of Triamterene is 363nm) and 278nm to 288nm (lmax of Benzthiazide is 283nm) for the estimation of Triamterene and Benzthiazide respectively.  Ratio derivative method (Method B) employed the measurement of amplitudes of Triamterene and Benzthiazide at their respective selected wavelengths. Two wavelengths selected were 359.2 nm and 300.4 nmfor the estimation of Triamterene and Benzthiazide respectivelybased upon divisor method.  Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 6-30 μg/ml and 3-15 μg/ml for Triamterene and Benzthiazide respectively. The recovery studies ascertained the accuracy of the proposed method and the results were validated as per ICH guidelines.

About Authors:
YASWANTH ALLAMNENI^1*, PAVAN POTTURI¹, RAJKUMAR NULU², RAVADA RAMESH³, P DAYANANDA CHARY¹, ARUN KALEKAR¹.
¹Research and Development Department, Natco Pharma Limited, Kothur, Mahaboobnagar,Andhra Pradesh, India-509228.
²Research and Development Department, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd., Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
³HOD, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Dr. H.L.T. College of pharmacy, Kengal, Channapatna, Banglore(R).
*yaswanthallamneni@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of superdisintegrants on the dissolution properties of a poorly water-soluble drug from complexes prepared by kneading method. Ketoprofen was employed as a model drug. Solid dispersions prepared by kneading method exhibited higher dissolution rate and DE30 values in each case. Ketoprofen tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using microcrystalline cellulose as a directly compressible vehicle. The formulated tablets were evaluated by different In Process Quality Control tests, content uniformity and in vitro drug release study. The FTIR spectra’s study revealed that there were no interaction between polymers and drug. All the tablets formulated employing solid dispersions in superdisintegrants gave rapid and higher dissolution of Ketoprofen when compared to that of Ketoprofen plain tablets. Ketoprofen dissolution from all the tablets followed first order kinetic with correlation coefficient ‘r’ above 0.9470. All dissolution parameters (k₁, DE₃₀ and T₃₀) indicated rapid and higher dissolution of Ketoprofen from tablets formulated employing its solid dispersions in superdisintegrants when compared to plain tablets.

About Author:
K. Sravan Kumar*
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Seshachala College of Pharmacy,
Puttur-517 583, 
Chittoor (dist), A.P., India
*sravank681@gmail.com

Abstract:
In this study, transdermal patches containing Nimesulide were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) by solvent evaporation technique using 10%w/w of dibutyl phthalate incorporated as plasticizer. The drug matrix film of PVP and HPMC was casted on a polyvinylalcohol backing membrane that was previously dried at 60⁰C for 6 hrs. All the prepared formulations were subjected to physical studies (moisture content, moisture uptake, Tensile strength, flatness and Drug content determination), in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeation studies. The physiochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by IR spectroscopy have absence of any incompatibility. In vitro permeation studies were performed across  skin using a Franz diffusion cell. Variations in drug release profiles among the formulations studied were observed. Based on a physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation study, formulation F1 (PVP/HPMC, 5:1) and F5 (PVP/HPMC, 1:5) were chosen for further in vivo experiments. The anti inflammatory effect and a sustaining action of Nimesulide from the two transdermal patches selected were studied by inducing paw edema in rats with 1% w/v carrageenan solution. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that Nimesulide can be formulated into the transdermal matrix type patches to sustain its release characteristics.

About Authors:
Dinesh Kumar Jain*, Gajanan Darwhekar, Kapil Mahesh Dutt Swami
College of Pharmacy,
IPS Academy, Rajendra Nagar,
AB Road, Indore.
M.P. India.
*swamikpl@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are the common clinical conditions caused by increased growth of fungi and bacteria on the scalp which results in abnormal proliferation, scaling and flaking of scalp epidermis. In present study an attempt was made to develop hair styling gel of Fluconazole, zinc pyrithione and their combination using different concentration of carbopol 940. The formulations were evaluated and compare for rheology, pH, active content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug release, in vitro antidandruff activity and in vivo antidandruff activity. All the formulation are homogenous, transparent and stable but formulation HG1, HG7 and HG11 shows high clarity, optimum rheology, high drug content and  drug release, so these three formulations were evaluated for in vitro antidandruff activity. HG11 shows higher zone of inhibition then HG1 and HG7 therefore HG11 was selected for skin irritation test, in vivo study and stability study. HG11 does not show any skin irritation hence it could be an effective formulation for treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis as compare to other.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma*, Priyanka sharma**
*Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd,India
**M.sc. Student, Rajasthan, India
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
The mammalian intestinal tract contains a complex and diverse society of both pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria. Most research to date has focused on the mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria achieve their detrimental effect. However, more recent research has unveiled a glimpse into the mechanism of action and potential therapeutic role of indigenious non pathtogenic microorganisms (probiotic).
Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic are moving from snake oil into the mainstream of medical therapy. This evolution has been facilitated by our ever increasing understanding of the mechanism of action of these agents and by the development of molecular method for analyzing and identifying complex bacterial community within the mammalian intestine.^{1, 2}

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