Articles

About Authors:
*Anton Vinoth.T , Prof .K. Nagarajan , Mr. Manikandan
Department of Pharmacy practice, K.M College of Pharmacy,
Madurai, Tamilnadu
*vinoth.anton@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Mood disorders (affective disorders) are among the most common mental disorders encountered in clinical practice and divided into bipolar disorders and depressive disorders. The essential feature of these disorders is a major disturbance in mood. Depression is common, affecting about 121 million people world wide. At its worst depression can lead to suicide, a tragic fatality associated with the loss of about 85000 lives every year. By the year 2020, depression is projected to reach the second Major depression is among the most common mental disorders encountered in clinical practice. The problems associated with depression can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairment in an individual’s ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities. At its worst depression can lead to suicide, a tragic fatality associated with the loss of a large number of lives every year. Depression is the leading cause of disability as measured by YLDs and the leading contributor to the global burden of diseases (DALYs) in 2000.

The present study is done as it is the role of a clinical pharmacist to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drugs acting through specific antidepressant mechanisms and to assess the possibility of matching patient symptom profile with antidepressant mechanism to achieve more rapid response or greater efficacy.

The aim of the study is tocompare the efficacy of Citalopram and Escitalopram in the Major Depressive Disorder Patients during the first 8 weeks (acute phase) of treatment.

About Authors:
Ajay Kumar^*1, Dr. Bharat Prashar², Robin Sharma^1
1M. Pharm (Pharmacology)
²Head of Pharmacy Department
Manav Bharti University, Solan.
*ajaykumarsharma423@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, primarily manifesting as a loss of memory in old aged people. In this disease the destruction of neurons in the cortex and limbic structures of the CNS occurs, particularly in basal forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex.  These areas are associated with functions of higher learning, memory, reasoning, behaviour, identification, an emotional control in brain. Alzheimer's disease is a devastating disease whose recent increase in incidence rates has broad implications for rising health care costs. Clinically, patients initially present with short-term memory loss, subsequently followed by executive dysfunction, confusion, agitation, and behavioural disturbances. This review comprises aspects of the introduction, history, types, etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological pathways of Alzheimer’s disease and the drug treatments and their target site.

About Authors:
Swathi sree Karumuri^*, Venkata Naveen Kasagana
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Anaikuttam,
Sivakasi - 626 130, Tamilnadu, India
*swathi.karumuri2011@gmail.com

Abstract:
New drugs pursuing novel delivery technologies with the objective of improving drug safety, efficacy and site Targeting in a cost effective way has been a challenging area of work for researchers. Their eminent work in the field of Novel technology has introduced many drug delivery methods to fulfil the requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturers and customers. Multiunit particulate systems (MUPS) are novel MDDS techniques that have gained importance, not only because of their ability to control drug release, but also for the modified drug-release profiles they facilitate. Similarly Acoustic targeted drug delivery (ATDD) is a method that uses ultrasound energy to enhance the transport of molecules into and/or across specific tissues. P.L.E.A.S.E. (Painless Laser Epidermal System) is a transdermal delivery device that uses a special laser source to create micro pores in the skin through which high molecular weight drugs are delivered painlessly in a highly controlled and accurate fashion. Oral delivery of insulin with increased lipophilicity across the gastrointestinal epithelium by the application of Eligen technology. Development of nanorobots with biosensors for medical target identification and drug delivery plays a prominent role in the diagnosis and treatment of Diseases. Gene delivery technology that turn off or on gene responsible for causing diseases like cancer and diabetes. The present article describes how Novel Drug delivery fulfils the Patient Needs on a Global Level and forms a key technology in the field of pharmaceuticals.

About Authors:
Venkata Naveen Kasagana*, Swathi sree Karumuri
Department of Pharmaceutics
Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Anaikuttam,
Sivakasi - 626 130, Tamilnadu, India.
*naveen.kasagana@gmail.com

Abstract:
In the recent past global pharmaceutical markets has involved in developing the new Novel and Advanced drug delivery systems in a safe & cost effective manner. This resulted in the introduction of a variety of Controlled and Targeted drug delivery methods with ease of administration and patient compliance. The transition that took place by the introduction of nano technology in the field of pharmacy leads to the development of many intelligent drug delivery systems like Nano Beacon and Mini Beacons, Trojan horse Nano particles, MEMS & NEMS (Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems). Cochleate delivery vehicles “A novel lipid-based system” represent a unique technology platform for oral and systemic delivery of drugs. BEMA (Bio Erodible Muco Adhesive Disc) drug delivery technology for prolonged acting action has contribution to the novel approach. Also a much awaited Non-injected insulin formulation “Nasal Insulin spray”, as a vaccine and also in the treatment of Type-II diabetes, provided a shift in the development of drug delivery systems. Duocap (Capsule-in-a-capsule), Electro capsule, Light up delivery monitoring technology (LDMT) are some of the controlled & targeted oral drug delivery systems, which provides a new way of formulating poorly soluble compounds and monitor the release rate of the drug. Apart from briefly describing the above technologies, the article includes the upcoming system of using Air as a barrier for Controlled release and application of medical devices as drug and their contribution to the World of pharmacy.

About Authors:
Satyanand tyagi^*, Raghvendra¹
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer,
Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 45 Publications (37 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 45 publications, 10 are International Publications).
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Aligarh College of Pharmacy,
Aligarh, U.P, India-202001.
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT
Tak-875, a new treatment for type-2 diabetes, improves blood sugar control and is equally effective as glimepiride (Sulfonylurea, oral hypoglycaemic agent), but has a significantly lower risk of hypoglycaemia, according to a new study. It works by boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells when glucose and fatty acids rise in the blood, such as after a meal, which results in a fall in blood glucose levels. TAK-875 is a novel oral medication designed to enhance insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner, which means that it has no effect on insulin secretion when glucose levels are normal, and as such has the potential to improve the control of blood sugar levels without the risk of hypoglycaemia. The pill belongs to a new class of treatments called GPR40 agonists, which activate a receptor that stimulates and regulates insulin production. New treatments are needed because of “the expected increase in the number of cases of Type 2 diabetes during the next few decades” and because some current drugs have “insufficient effect,” the researchers, led by Charles Burant at the University of Michigan Medical School, wrote in the study. Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), plays a vital role in stimulating and regulating the production of insulin. It works by boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells when glucose and fatty acids rise in the blood, such as after a meal. The release of insulin results in a fall in blood glucose levels. Drugs that activate the FFAR1 receptor have the potential to help diabetics release more insulin and improve control of blood glucose levels. This article gives an overview about this newly introduced drug TAK-875 and its role in treatment for type-2 diabetes.

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About Authors:
Singh Deep Hussan*, Roychowdhury Santanu
Sri Sai college of pharmacy, badhani,
pathankot
*hussannijjar@gmail.com

Abstract:
Mucoadhesion is the prevalent interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesion can be defined as the state in which two materials, at least one of which is biological (mucosa) in nature, are held together for a prolonged time period by means of interfacial forces. This mucoadhesive system offers many advantages as it allows for reduction in daily administrations and daily drug dosage and is suitable for the treatment of irritation, pain, and discomfort associated with gingivitis, sore throats, laryngopharyngitis, cold, and periodontal surgery. Moreover, it adheres well to the gum and is very simple to apply, which means that patient compliance is improved. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system are designed to enable prolonged residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact of the dosage form with the underline absorption surface. The present review describes mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers and their classification, stages, mechanism and theories of mucoadhesion and factors affecting them along with its evaluation. However, the research on mucoadhesives, is still in its early stage and further advances need to be made for the successful translation of the concept into practical application in controlled drug delivery.

About Authors:
*SOUMYA G., SRINIVAS S., NAVEEN KUMAR M., KRISHNA MOHAN C.
Department of Pharmacology,
St. John College of Pharmacy, Warangal,
Andhra Pradesh, India-5067371.
*sre_varma123@yahoo.co.in

Introducion:
Kidney stone formation or urolithiasis is a complex process that is a consequence of an imbalance between promoters and inhibitors in the kidneys. Even though the technological developments in the present medical practice the formation and growth of renal calculi continues to afflict humankind. Though various kinds of stone have been identified, calcium stones are the most common in human as well as rats. The rat experimental models of Calcium oxalate urolithiasis, induced by ethylene glycol alone, or in combination with other drugs such as ammonium chloride are often used to study the pathogenesis of kidney crystal deposition. The urolithiasis was induced by administration of gentamycin and calculi producing diet (5% ammonium oxalate in standard rat pellet feed) for 28 days to rats’ results in hyperoxaluria, Calcium oxalate crystalluria, and occasional deposition of CaOx crystals in the kidney.

About Authors:
Ms.Pratibha Chohan*, Mr.Prashant Mutha
B.Pharmacy, G. D. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Jodhpur.
*pmuthabiotech@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Brain is tightly segregated from the circulating blood by a unique membranous barrier, the blood – brain barrier (BBB). Many pharmaceuticals cannot be efficiently delivered to, or sustained within the brain; hence they are ineffective in treating a plethora of cerebral diseases. Therefore, drug delivery methods that can provide drug delivery to brain or eventually preferential brain delivery (i.e. brain targeting) are of particular interest. One technique that holds promise for bypassing the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain and eliminating the surgical risk and the spillover effect of drug to normal tissue is the intranasal delivery.

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