Pharmacology Articles

About Authors:
S.Kameshwaran^1*, V.Suresh¹, M.Mohanraj^2
1Department of pharmacology,
JKK munirajah medical research foundation and College of Pharmacy,
B.Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu - 638183
²Marineboitoxinology labs, CAS in marine biology, Annamalai university,
Chidambaram, Tamilnadu-608502
*kamesh.pharm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Tecoma stans flowers have been traditionally used for many ailments including cancer. In the present study, anti cancer activity of methanolic flower extract of T.stans (METS) was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo methods. METS was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigations by using standard procedures. In vitro antitumor activity of METS was evaluated by the MTT assay methodusing Vero and HEP-2 cell lines. Then the extract subjected to in vivo anti cancer activity using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor model. The activity was assessed Increase in life span, average increase in body weight, changes in food intake, tumor volume, tumor weight, viable cell count, non viable cell count, PCV, Total cell count and hematological studies. The potency of the extract was compared with standard 5-flurouracil (20 mg/kg i.p.).In in vitro anti cancer activity METS exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both cell lines even at different concentrations. Oral administration of METS at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/Kg, significantly (p < 0.001) increased the survival time, non viable cell count and decreased the average body weight and food intake, viable cell count of the tumor bearing mice. After 14 days of inoculation, METS was able to reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, protein and PCV consequent to tumor inoculation.The results indicate that METS possess significant antitumor activity on dose dependent manner.

About Authors:
Dinesh Kumar Jain*, Gajanan Darwhekar, Kapil Mahesh Dutt Swami
College of Pharmacy,
IPS Academy, Rajendra Nagar,
AB Road, Indore.
M.P. India.
*swamikpl@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are the common clinical conditions caused by increased growth of fungi and bacteria on the scalp which results in abnormal proliferation, scaling and flaking of scalp epidermis. In present study an attempt was made to develop hair styling gel of Fluconazole, zinc pyrithione and their combination using different concentration of carbopol 940. The formulations were evaluated and compare for rheology, pH, active content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug release, in vitro antidandruff activity and in vivo antidandruff activity. All the formulation are homogenous, transparent and stable but formulation HG1, HG7 and HG11 shows high clarity, optimum rheology, high drug content and  drug release, so these three formulations were evaluated for in vitro antidandruff activity. HG11 shows higher zone of inhibition then HG1 and HG7 therefore HG11 was selected for skin irritation test, in vivo study and stability study. HG11 does not show any skin irritation hence it could be an effective formulation for treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis as compare to other.

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma*, Priyanka sharma**
*Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd,India
**M.sc. Student, Rajasthan, India
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
The mammalian intestinal tract contains a complex and diverse society of both pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria. Most research to date has focused on the mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria achieve their detrimental effect. However, more recent research has unveiled a glimpse into the mechanism of action and potential therapeutic role of indigenious non pathtogenic microorganisms (probiotic).
Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic are moving from snake oil into the mainstream of medical therapy. This evolution has been facilitated by our ever increasing understanding of the mechanism of action of these agents and by the development of molecular method for analyzing and identifying complex bacterial community within the mammalian intestine.^{1, 2}

About Author:
Brijesh Borad,
The University of London Metropolitan University,
London, UK
borad_brijesh@yahoo.com

Abstract :-
Breast cancer is widely spreaded type of cancer in women and responsible for high number of cancer death in women. Taxol has been already approved to be used for breast cancer by FDA. There have been several studies on the anti tumor activities of Vitamin E Succinate (VES) as complementary and alternative medicine. In present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of taxol-VES combination on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in comparison with taxol alone. MCF-7 cells are preffered because of higher sensitivity to estogens. MCF-7 cells were sub cultured in according to specifications of aseptic conditions by incubating at 37^οC and 5%CO2. Cells were seeded in 24 well plate with culture medium and different concentration of different drug regimen ( taxol alone, VES alone, taxol-VES combination) for 72hrs. Cell viability can be checked by MTT cell viability assay. MTT assay uses a MTT dye which acts as a substrate for viable cell reductase enzyme. This enzyme reduces MTT yellow dye to purple colour formazan which is in proportional to viable cell eventually. The intensity of purple colour was measured by measuring absorbances at 570nM using spectrophotometer. The results of the study were plotted as %cell viability Vs concentration for each of three drug regimen. IC50 values for each drugs were calculated. Graphical and statistical analysis of results concluded that taxol-MCF combination has more inhibitory effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines when treated for 72hrs in comparison with taxol alone and statistical analysis had concluded that results were significant enough to accept clinically to use in stratagic breast cancer therapy management.

About Authors:
AMRUTHA R.E.*, G.RAJESHWARI, A.SRILAKSHMI, C.RAJARAM
Department of Pharmacology
P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy,
Andhra Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT
Objective - The objective of the present work was to study the antipyretic activity of rhizome Curcuma amada Linn. belonging to family Zingiberaceae, known as “Amargandha” in Sanskrit & “Mamidiallam” in Telugu Materials & Methods: The ethanolic extract was taken for the study and evaluated for antipyretic activity using Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in Wister strain albino rats. The ethanolic extract at a dose of 100mg/kg & 200mg/kg were evaluated for antipyretic activity. Result - The extract of Curcuma amada plant showed a significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent antipyretic effect in yeast induced elevation of body temperature in experimental rats. Conclusion - The ethanolic extract of Curcuma amada Linn. plant have significant antipyretic activity when compared with the standard drug. So. It can be recommended for further studies.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
AMRUTHA R.E.*, G.RAJESHWARI,  A.SRILAKSHMI,  G. JYOTHI REDDY, N.KRISHNA SREE,  SK. AFSAR.
Department of Pharmacology
P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy,
Andhra Pradesh ,India.

ABSTRACT
Ethanolic extract of the roots of Zizyphus oenoplia were screened for its anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. The parameters like the time of paralysis and the time of death were determined by using the extract at the concentrations of 10, 20and 50 mg/ml. The extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 50 mg/ml. Albendazole (20mg/ml) was used as standard reference and distilled water as control.

About Authors:
Richa Sood
CTIPS,Jalandhar,
India.

Abstract:
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and worsening of heart failure(HF). Recently developed class of drug, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) block the RAS at the receptor level, and may therefore provide more complete blockade. Angiotensin II Receptor type 1 antagonists have been widely used in treatment of diseases like hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and diabetic nephropathy. Their beneficial effects are related to inhibition of Angiotensin II by blockade of AT1 receptor. Valsartan is an orally active Angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist which causes reduction in blood pressure and is used in treatment of hypertension. It was first developed by Novartis and has wide market in the developed and the developing countries.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
S Hamza*, Dr D. K. Suresh, R. Hasan, Md S. Khalid, R. Mistry
Department of Pharmacology,
Luqman College of Pharmacy,
Gulbarga - 585 102,
Karnataka, India.

ABSTRACT:
The study was to assess the antidiabetic activity ofa polyherbal formulation in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic activity of a polyherbal formulation in alloxan induced diabetic rats was assessed using Alloxan β-cytotoxin induced chemical diabetes in a wide variety of wistar albinorats. The polyherbal formulation contains thefollowing plants leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, Ginkgo biloba and plant seeds of Mucuna prurience.The extracts were prepared by continues hot soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether and water. Three different formulations were prepared for the study. The study reveals that the polyherbal formulations of plants leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, Ginkgo biloba and plant seeds of Mucuna prurience have antidiabetic activity and theactionmay be due to the restoration or regeneration of β-cells of pancreas.

About Authors:
Habibur Rahman¹, M.C Eswaraiah^2
1Department of Pharmacology,
²Dept. of Pharmacognosy,
Anurag Pharmacy College,
Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M),
Nalgonda (Dt.), A.P-508206, India

ABSTRACT
Brain neurotransmitters like Dopamine, serotonin, Adrenaline, Glutamate and enzymes like Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), Mono amino-oxidase (MAO-A & MAO-B) levels and antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase etc play important roles in different complex neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease(AD), Parkinsonism, depression etc. But biochemical estimation of these parameters is very difficult to conduct in simple laboratory. This review is a collection of simple spectroscopic methods to determine the common brain neurotransmitters and antioxidant enzymes.