Articles

19 July 2012

A REVIEW ON ROLE OF MOLECULAR DESCRIPTORS IN QSAR: A COMPUTATIONAL METHODS APPROACH

About Authors:
Rakesh Bhatia*
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Jaipur National University,
Jaipur-302025 (Rajasthan), India
*rakesh.mpharm1304@yahoo.com

Abstract
Chemical synthesis data and their biological screening have provided a vast amount of experimental data. As a result of that, availability of large amount of biological data information through molecular biology has made drug discovery and development a more complex method. To combat these problems, Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) emerged as a very useful tool in drug design. QSAR has been applied extensively and successfully over several decades to find predictive models for activity of bioactive agents. QSAR have brought revolution in drug discovery process by thedevelopment of mathematicalrelationships linking chemical structures and pharmacological activity in quantitative manner of series of compounds. Description of the molecular structure, electronic orbital reactivity and the role of structural and steric components has been the subject of mathematical and statistical analysis. Computational drug design method in QSAR is a rapidly growing field which is now a very important component in the discipline of medicinal chemistry. Virtual filtering and screening of combinatorial libraries have recently gained attention as methods complimenting the high-throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry. These chemoinformatic techniques rely heavily on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analysis, a field with established methodology and successful history.By characterize a specific aspect of a molecule that is numbers containing structural information derived from the structural representation used for molecules under study called “Molecular descriptors” to find appropriate representations of the molecular structure of drug compoundsto obtain the structure-activity relationships in which these theoretical and computational methods are based, the ability to predict physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of these leads are becoming increasingly important in reducing the number of expensive methods and late development failures. Thus thereby, QSAR certainly decreases the number of compounds to be synthesized by easing the selection of the most promising candidates. This review seeks to provide a review on role of molecular descriptors in the drug design in QSAR.

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18 July 2012

BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID

About Authors:
Patel Punita s*, Patel Brilina M, Arora Bhoomi
Institute of clinical research India
ahmedabad, Gujarat
*punitapatel_icri@ymail.com

Abstract:
Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease appearing predominantly in the elderly. Bullous Pemphigoidcharacterized by an autoimmune response to 2 hemidesmosomal proteins within the dermal–epidermal junction, These proteins, called BP antigen 1 (BPAG1 or AgBP230), and BPAG2 (or AgBP180 or collagen XVII) have respective molecular masses of 230 and 180. While BP180 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain BP230 localizes intracellularly and associates with the hemidesmosomal plaque. The disease is characterized clinically by tight bullae, with clear content, often large, developing primarily on the edge of erythematous plaques. Intense itching is common. The disease is primarily treated with systemic corticosteroids. Now,The increased knowledge of the development of noveltherapeutic strategies for Bullous Pemphigoids.
17 July 2012

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE.

About Authors:
H.S.Sawwalakhe*, J.M.Maidankar, M.A.Channawar, Dr.A.V. Chandewar
P. W. College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal,
Amravati university
*hemant_11sep@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The demand for mouth dissolving tablets has been growing during the last decade especially for elderly and children who have swallowing difficulties. Chlorpheniramine maleate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) histamine H1 antagonist with antihistamine drug it is commonly used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. The main criteria for mouth dissolving tablets are to disintegrate or dissolve rapidly in oral cavity with saliva in 15sec to 60sec with need of water. The disintegrants used should fulfill the criteria by disintegrating the tablets in specified time limit.in the present investigation variety of super disintegrants Crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate,kyron t-314 , were selected and tablets were prepared by direct compression method in different concentration like 3%,6% and 8%. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, in vitro dissolution study, etc.formulation f-9 shows the lowest disintegration time (29sec) and wetting time (37sec). In vitro dissolutionstudies revealed that formulation F-9 containning 9% t-314 showed 98% drug release at the end of 10 min.
16 July 2012

SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS: ANTIBREAST CANCER AGENTS

About Authors:
Rawat Pinki^1*, Rawat Preeti², Kumar Piyush³ Kanoujia Jovita³, Singh Sangeeta ¹
1. Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Unnao, U.P., India.
2. L.T.R. College Of Technology, Meerut, U.P., India.
3. Curadev Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Kanpur, U.P., India.
*pnkrawat@gmail.com

Abstract:
Selective estrogen receptor modulators, called SERMs for short, blocks the naturally circulating estrogen in breast tissues and other estrogen-sensitive tissues in the body. Each estrogen receptor has a slightly different structure, depending on the kind of cell it is in. If a SERM binds to a estrogen receptor, there is no site available for estrogen to bind and it can't attach to the cell. SERMs are called "selective" because they bind to particular estrogen receptors. This selective binding action is sometimes called estrogen inhibition, or estrogen suppression.
15 July 2012

A REVIEW ON: BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUILANCE

ABOUT AUTHORS:
¹ Shashi Kant^*,Satinder Kumar, Rajender Kumar,
Research scholar department of pharmacy.
² Dr. Bharat Prashar
HOD & Associate professor Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P)
* shashi_ranaute@yahoo.in

ABSTRACT:-
In this review article, we discussed about Bioavailability and bioequilance study, bioavailability means rate and extent to which active ingredients absorbed from a drug product and become available at site of action. This article provides the information about important aspect involved in bioequivalence and regulatory requirement for bioequivalence study. The rate or rapidity at which drug is absorbed is important consideration in treatment of acute conditions such as asthma attack in pain. Extent of absorption is of special significance in treatment of chronic conditions like hypertension, epilepsy. In this review we discussed all the factors affecting bioavailability from its dosage form, objective/purpose of bioavailability study, design and evaluation of bioequilance study, methods of assessing of bioavailability and bioequilance etc.
12 July 2012

REVIEW ARTICLE: Solid Dispersions

ABOUT AUTHORS:
D.PRAVEEN KUMAR*, Vandana Arora
M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
Lloyd Institute of Management & Technology,
Greater Noida,
U.P., India
^* praveen_73a@yahoo.co.in

ABSTRACT
The solubility behaviour of drugs remains one of the most challenging aspects in formulation development. Currently only 8% of the new drug molecules have high solubility and permeability. The solubility behaviour of a drug is key determinant to its oral bioavailability and it is the rate limiting step to absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract. This results in important products not reaching the market or not achieving their full potential. Solid dispersions have attracted considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of a range of hydrophobic drugs. This article reviews the various preparation techniques for solid dispersion, types of solid dispersions based on molecular arrangement and other aspects such as selection of carriers and methods of characterization and their applications have been discussed.

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11 July 2012

Anti-inflammatory activity oflic extract of R Methanooot of Cissampelos pareira on Carragenin induced rat paw edema

About authors:
Gourab Saha^*1, Pankaja Senapati¹, Narahari Sahu², Dr. Sambit Parida³
1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur – 2, Orissa, India.
2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur – 2, Orissa, India.
3. Department of Pharma analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur–2, Orissa, India.
*gourab.pharma2012@gmail.com

Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (Abuta) in male albino rats after intramuscular administration. This was done using the carragenin-induced paw edema method. Methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira showed significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to ibuprofen and indomethacin.
10 July 2012

TRANSFERRAL OF MICRO AND MACRO MOLECULES VIA NASAL PATHWAY

About Authors:
Chauhan M.K., Kawadkar J., Kishore R.^*, Pathak A.M.
Department of Pharmaceutics
DIPSAR, New Delhi
*rajkishor.aryan@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This paper discussed the problems associated with nasal drug delivery and how it is possible, sometimes by means of quite simple concepts, to improve transport across the nasal membrane. It also described the advantages, barriers, physicochemical factors, and formulation related parameters that affecting the nasal drug delivery and the applications of nasal route for delivery of peptides, proteins, non-peptide drugs, and vaccines. In this way it is feasible to deliver efficiently challenging drugs such as small polar molecules, peptides and proteins and even the large proteins and polysaccharides used in vaccines or DNA plasmids exploited for DNA vaccines. The transport of drugs from the nasal cavity directly to the brain is also described. Nasal vaccines offer several benefits, such as low enzymatic degradation compared to oral vaccines, and greater acceptability to patients. Nasal vaccines, however, have to overcome several limitations, including mucociliary clearance. Therefore, nasal vaccines require potent adjuvants and delivery systems to enhance their immunogenicity and to protect their antigens.
9 July 2012

READ ONCE | POWER CORRUPTS : ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY

About Author:
Mr. Jagmohan Rai Agarwal,
M.Pharm (1968), Industrial experience SSI sector, nearly 37 years,
retired from own Industry (2004),
Founder President of M.P.Pharmacy Graduates’ Association (MPGA),
Ex President: M.P.Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Organisation (MPPMO),
Founder President : M.P. Small Scale Drug Manufacturers’ Association (MPSDMA),
Ex President Indian Pharmaceutical Association, M.P. State Branch, Indore (IPA),
Ex Vice Chairman Confederation of Indian Pharmaceutical Industries (SSI) (CIPI)
Recently submitted thesis for award of Ph.D. on title “Enforcement of Drug Laws-Globalization vis-à-vis Indian Drug Laws”
(Email: sharda_jollo@yahoo.co.in)
6 July 2012

PRONIOSOMAL POWDERED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FLURBIPROFEN :FORMULATION AND EVALUATION

About Authors:
^*Sunil kumar, Amit kumar shahi, Ravi shanker, R. singh, Dr. R. ParthSarthy, Dr S.K. Prajapati
Kamla Nehru institute of technology and management, Sultanpur.
Bundelkhand university, Department of pharmacy, Jhansi
*sunil.sunilpharma.kumar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to design proniosomal powder drug delivery system of flurbiprofen in a trial to overcome the adverse effects associated with oral administration of the drug. Conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of intracellular infection is no more effective due to limited permeation of drug into cell. This can be overcome by the use of vesicular drug delivery system. Encapsulation of a drug in vesicular structure can be predicted to prolong the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation and thus enhance penetration into target tissue and reduce toxicity.Proniosomal powder are generally present in transparent, translucent or white texture, which makes them physically stable during storage and transport. Due to the limited solvent system present, the proniosomes formed were the mixture of many phases of liquid crystal, viz. lamellar, hexagonal and cubic phase liquid crystals.The potential of proniosomes as a transdermal drug delivery system for flurbiprofenwas investigated by encapsulating the drug in various formulations of proniosomal powder composed of various ratios of sorbitan fatty acid esters, cholesterol, prepared by slurry method. The formulated systems were characterized in vitro for size, vesicle count, drug entrapment, drug release profiles and vesicular stability at different storage conditions. Stability studies for proniosomal powder were carried out for 4 weeks. The method of proniosome loading resulted in an encapsulation yield of 30.6 – 75.4%. Proniosomes were characterised by transmission electron microscopy. In vitro studies showed prolonged release of entrapped flurbiprofen. At refrigerated conditions, higher drug retention was observed. It is evident from this study that proniosomes are a promising prolonged delivery system for captopril and have reasonably good stability characteristics.