Articles

19 August 2012

THROMBOPHILIA AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN PREGNANCY: DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT PARADIGM

About Authors:
Ritesh Shah*, Gaurav Chandawat, Rahul Jadav, Bhoomi Arora
Institute Of Clinical Research (India),
Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380013, India
*ritesh_shah99@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) complicates approximately 1 to 2 of 1,000 pregnancies, with pulmonary embolism (PE) being a leading cause of maternal mortality and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) an important cause of maternal morbidity. The main reason for the increased risk of thromboembolism in pregnancy is hypercoagulability, which has likely evolved to protect women from the bleeding challenges of miscarriage and childbirth. Women are at a 4- to 5-fold increased risk of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period compared with when they are not pregnant. Eighty percent of the thromboembolic events in pregnancy are venous, with an incidence of 0.61 to 1.72 per 1000 pregnancies.Includes a history of thrombosis, inherited and acquired thrombophilia, maternal age greater than 35, certain medical conditions, and various complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

Despite the increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum period, most women do not require anticoagulation. The intensity of the anticoagulation will depend on the indication and the monitoring will depend on the intensity. At the time of delivery, anticoagulation should be manipulated to reduce the risk of bleeding complications while minimizing the risk of thrombosis. There are no large trials of anticoagulants in pregnancy, and recommendations are based on case series, extrapolations from nonpregnant patients and the opinion of experts. Nonetheless, anticoagulants are believed to improve the outcome of pregnancy for women who have, or have had, VTE.
19 August 2012

ANTI ULCER ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF BOSWELLIA OVALIFOLIOLATA BAL&HENRY

About Authors:
M.Dhanalakshmi*, B. Maddilety
Department of pharmacology, Krishna Teja Pharmacy College,
Chadhalawada Nagar, Renigunta Road, Tirupathi-517 507,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
*Lakshmi.dhana17@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Boswellia ovalifoliolata bal&henry is an endemic plant that has been suggested as useful in the treatment of various diseases (anti diabetic, anti inflammatory, antimicrobial , antifungal, antibacterial).In the present study, anti ulcer activity of MELBO was studied by pylorus ligated,aspirin induced gastric ulceration in albino rats. Anti ulcer activity was evaluated by pylorus ligation, aspirin induced ulcer method by using standard ranitidine (27mg/kg).The anti ulcer activity was assessed by determining the ulcer index, pH and acidity. MELBO (400mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in the ulcer index, PH and acidity when compared with ulcer control group and standard group. MELBO reduces ulcer, there by the present study indicates that boswellia ovalifoliolata bal&henry showed protective activity on gastric ulcer.

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18 August 2012

NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF CLITORIA TERNATEA.L ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA

About Authors:
Sharmila Shaik*, K. Anitha
Department of pharmacology, Krishna Teja Pharmacy College,
Chadhalawada Nagar, Renigunta Road, Tirupathi-517 507,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
*cherry.sharmilask@gmail.com

ABSTRACT :
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative CNS disorder with slow onset with memory that leads to dementia. The drugs like barbiturates, alcohol, and diazepam will also impair learning and memory. Nootropic agents such as piracetam, pramiracetam, aniracetam, oxicetam and some of the herbal drugs are used to enhance cognitive function. The objective of the present study is to investigate the nootropic activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Clitoria ternatea.L (MELCT).Result showed that the MELCT improvement in the retention ability of normal and amnesic rats when compared to control and standard groups. It was suggested that in the MELCT could show beneficial improvement in cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and various neurogenerative disorders.
17 August 2012

A Review Biotechnological removal of color and dye from waste water

About Authors:
Alpesh J.Shiroya*, K.K.Vaghasiya, N.J.ghantala
Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Biotechnology ,
Surat
*alpeshshiroya45@yahoo.in

Abstract
Clean technology has become an important concern for every industry. Especially in textile dyeing factories, there is much use of water, energy, dyeing colours and chemicals. This can cause significant water and air pollution problems. The wastewater wear a lot of colour and having toxic odour, COD and BOD. wastewater contains the following reactive dyes: turquoise DG, black DN, red DB-8 and orange OGR. It has been shown that the efficiency of dye removal depends on the type of dye, coagulant dosage, and the sample pH.The performance of COD and colour removal in the single-stage ozonation- biological treatment was also compared with the multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment processes. Ozonation transforms the functional groups in azo dye to produce more biodegradable by products, which is easily removed by biological treatment. semiconductor photocatalysis process could be an appropriate tool for the treatment for textile dyeing and printing wastewater. Activated sludge treatment and the coagulation-flocculation method with ≥80% removal efficiency of waste water. Using the electrocoagulation process possible the reuse of dye wastewater by removing the colours. sequential batch reactor (SBR) technology as an alternative method for treating industrial effluents.In the present work we review existing processes as well as promising new technologies for texttile waste water decolorisation.
16 August 2012

Simultaneous Estimation of Tramadol HCl, Paracetamol and Domperidone in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Thin-Layer Chromatographic-Densitometric method

About Authors:
Keyur B.ahir, Emanual M. Patelia*, Falgun A.Mehta
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis,
Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy,
New Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388121, Gujarat, India
*ricky.emanual@gmail.com
16 August 2012

A REVIEW ON PLANT DERIVED NATURAL GUMS/POLYMERS IN MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING PATIENT COMPLIANCE

About Authors:
Nehal Lakum
MPharm, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical technology
nblakum@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Mucoadhesion can be defined as a state in which two components, of which one is of biological origin are held together for extended periods of time and sustain the effect of drug dosage forms at the site of action. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems is one of the most promising drug delivery systems with its various advantages and it has a lot of potential in formulating dosage forms for various chronic diseases in which sustained action is required. The current review provides a good insight on advantages of mucoadhesive drug delivary system, characteristics of an ideal mucoadhesive polymer, plant derived Natural mucoadhesive polymers in mucoadhesive drug delivery system for better patient compliance.
15 August 2012

A REVIEW ON MIMOSA PUDICA: A USEFUL WEED

About Authors:
Manu Arora^1*, Amanpreet Singh²
School of Pharmacy & Emerging Sciences,
Baddi University of Emerging Science & Technology,
Makhnumajra, Baddi, Distt. Solan,
Himachal Pradesh-173205, India.
*manu_cognosy@yahoo.co.in

ABSTARCT
Mimosa pudica is a weed which is commonly known as chuemue (touch me not) belongs to the family Leguminaceae. It is found in moist and waste places. Chuemue shows nyctynastic and seismonastic movement. All parts of this plant possess different medicinal properties like dysentery, leprosy, asthma, sedative, emetic and tonic. Its aerial parts contain different secondary plant metabolites like tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, Flavonoids and saponins. This review shows presence of secondary plant metabolites and its ethnopharmacological uses.

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14 August 2012

ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF METHANOL AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS (SOXHLET EXTRACTION) OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM)

About Author:
Tarika Priya
SLC's college of pharmacy. JNTUH
Hyderabad-500076
a4aryatarikapriya@gmail.com

1. Abstract
The aim of study was to screen the antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum). Crude extracts of the seeds with methanol and ethanol were screened for antibacterial activities against two gram positive pathogenic bacteria – Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and against two gram negative pathogenic bacteria – E.coli, klebsiella. The antibacterial activity was performed using cup-plate method. The extracts were prepared using soxhlet extraction method. Methanol extract showed activity against E.coli and Klebsiella were as ethanol extract showed activity against Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp.,

The anti fungal activity was also screened against Aspergillus niger. Both the extracts showed good activity against the fungi.
The results obtained in the present study suggest that the extracts revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulations.
14 August 2012

Nanotechnology, an emergent field in drug delivery with potential to alleviate life threatening disease – A REVIEW

About Authors:
Aadeshkumar*, Nishantkumar gupta, Dineshkumar gupta
Dept. of pharmacy
BIT meerut, UP
*adesh.adi.chaudhary@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
In recent years there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology in the fields of medicine and more specifically in targeted drug delivery. The proprietary powder processing techniques use by nanotherapeutics improves the delivery of drug that can not normally taken orally.
It improves
·         Safety and efficacy of low molecular weight drugs,
·         Stability and absorption of proteins that normally cannot be taken orally,
·         Extend the life cycle of existing drug formulation.

At present many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy, AIDS and potential to cross the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) has open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. Pharmaceutical sciences are also using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs. Nanoparticles are also have the potential as novel intravascular or cellular probes for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (drug/gene delivery) and nanosize allow access into cell and cell compartment including nucleus. . Discovery of nanomedicine has given rise to nanoparticles through which better target specific drug and gene delivery is possible. In conclusion nanoparticles for drug delivery and imaging have gradually been developed as new modalities for cancer therapy and diagnosis. This review illustrates the emerging role of nanotechnology in drug delivery.
13 August 2012

STEVIA: AN EMERGING NATURAL SWEETENER FOR FOOD INDUSTRY

About Authors:
Singh Asheesh^1*, Bajpai Dinesh¹, Singour P.K.²
¹Centre for Research & Development, Ipca Laboratories Ltd; Sejavta; Ratlam (MP) - 457002
²Faculty of pharmacy VNS Institute, Neelbud Bhopal (MP) - 462042
*asheesh_parihar@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Stevia rebaudiana is a well known medicinal herb contains antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-yeast, cardiotonic diuretic and hypoglycaemic properties. This herb has been used in Ayurveda in India since centuries. Stevia is a perennial herb belonging to the family Asteraceae, is one of the most valuable tropical medicinal plant. All over world there is increasing tendency towards consuming natural products and thus living a natural life and. At the same time our life styles have changed so much over the last 4-5 decades that sweeteners (either high calorie natural or proceeded sugars or high potency and low calorie sweeteners such as Aspartame) have become integral part of our natural daily diet. Stevia is a new crop in that is gaining very high popularity amongst all type of sweetener users as most ideal substitute for sugar. Sugar is basically a chemical that has grown in market over last many years. But in this age of changing life styles and people becoming more conscious of their health, the worldwide sugar consumption is going down and is getting replaced by low calorie sweeteners. Many of these Sweeteners are complex chemicals or many times naturals as well.