Review Articles

3 October 2012

NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY- ADAPTIVE NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGY

About Authors:
Venkata Naveen Kasagana*, Swathi sree Karumuri
Department of Pharmaceutics
Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Anaikuttam,
Sivakasi - 626 130, Tamilnadu, India.
*naveen.kasagana@gmail.com

Abstract:
In the recent past global pharmaceutical markets has involved in developing the new Novel and Advanced drug delivery systems in a safe & cost effective manner. This resulted in the introduction of a variety of Controlled and Targeted drug delivery methods with ease of administration and patient compliance. The transition that took place by the introduction of nano technology in the field of pharmacy leads to the development of many intelligent drug delivery systems like Nano Beacon and Mini Beacons, Trojan horse Nano particles, MEMS & NEMS (Micro and Nano Electromechanical Systems). Cochleate delivery vehicles “A novel lipid-based system” represent a unique technology platform for oral and systemic delivery of drugs. BEMA (Bio Erodible Muco Adhesive Disc) drug delivery technology for prolonged acting action has contribution to the novel approach. Also a much awaited Non-injected insulin formulation “Nasal Insulin spray”, as a vaccine and also in the treatment of Type-II diabetes, provided a shift in the development of drug delivery systems. Duocap (Capsule-in-a-capsule), Electro capsule, Light up delivery monitoring technology (LDMT) are some of the controlled & targeted oral drug delivery systems, which provides a new way of formulating poorly soluble compounds and monitor the release rate of the drug. Apart from briefly describing the above technologies, the article includes the upcoming system of using Air as a barrier for Controlled release and application of medical devices as drug and their contribution to the World of pharmacy.
2 October 2012

TAK-875- A NEWER NOVEL ORAL TREATMENT FOR TYPE-2 DIABETES: A REVIEW

About Authors:
Satyanand tyagi^*, Raghvendra¹
*President, Tyagi Pharmacy Association & Scientific Writer,
Chattarpur, New Delhi, India-110074.
Prof. Satyanand Tyagi is a life time member of various pharmacy professional bodies like IPA, APTI and IPGA. He has published various research papers and review articles. His academic works include 45 Publications (37 Review Articles and 08 Research Articles of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Clinical Importance, published in standard and reputed National and International Pharmacy journals; Out of 45 publications, 10 are International Publications).
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Aligarh College of Pharmacy,
Aligarh, U.P, India-202001.
*sntyagi9@yahoo.com, +91-9871111375 / 9582025220

ABSTRACT
Tak-875, a new treatment for type-2 diabetes, improves blood sugar control and is equally effective as glimepiride (Sulfonylurea, oral hypoglycaemic agent), but has a significantly lower risk of hypoglycaemia, according to a new study. It works by boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells when glucose and fatty acids rise in the blood, such as after a meal, which results in a fall in blood glucose levels. TAK-875 is a novel oral medication designed to enhance insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner, which means that it has no effect on insulin secretion when glucose levels are normal, and as such has the potential to improve the control of blood sugar levels without the risk of hypoglycaemia. The pill belongs to a new class of treatments called GPR40 agonists, which activate a receptor that stimulates and regulates insulin production. New treatments are needed because of “the expected increase in the number of cases of Type 2 diabetes during the next few decades” and because some current drugs have “insufficient effect,” the researchers, led by Charles Burant at the University of Michigan Medical School, wrote in the study. Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), plays a vital role in stimulating and regulating the production of insulin. It works by boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells when glucose and fatty acids rise in the blood, such as after a meal. The release of insulin results in a fall in blood glucose levels. Drugs that activate the FFAR1 receptor have the potential to help diabetics release more insulin and improve control of blood glucose levels. This article gives an overview about this newly introduced drug TAK-875 and its role in treatment for type-2 diabetes.

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1 October 2012

VARIOUS PREPARATION TECHNIQUE OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE

About Authors:
*Avanish kumar dubey, Amit singh
R.V. Northland Institute dadri,
G.B. Nagar UP
*avpharma001@gmail.com

Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles have attracted the interest of researcher and have been utilized the increasing number of field. Generally two main strategies are employed for the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles. either polymerization of monomers or the dispersion of pre-form polymers. Various techniques can be used to produce polymeric nanoparticles such as salting out method, double desolvation method, ionic gelation method, cross linked nanoparticles, nanoparticle by super critical fluid, emulsification and solvent evaporation method. The choice of method depends on a number of factor such as particle size, particle size distribution, area of application, nature of polymer etc. This review cover the general description on various methods of the preparation of polymeric nanoparticle.
30 September 2012

STEM CELLS AND PEPTIDES TO BRAIN VIA INTRASNASAL ROUTE

About Authors:
Ms.Pratibha Chohan*, Mr.Prashant Mutha
B.Pharmacy, G. D. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Jodhpur.
*pmuthabiotech@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Brain is tightly segregated from the circulating blood by a unique membranous barrier, the blood – brain barrier (BBB). Many pharmaceuticals cannot be efficiently delivered to, or sustained within the brain; hence they are ineffective in treating a plethora of cerebral diseases. Therefore, drug delivery methods that can provide drug delivery to brain or eventually preferential brain delivery (i.e. brain targeting) are of particular interest. One technique that holds promise for bypassing the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain and eliminating the surgical risk and the spillover effect of drug to normal tissue is the intranasal delivery.

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28 September 2012

ARTIFICIAL VIRAL ENVELOPES: EMERGING VEHICLE FOR GENE DELIVERY

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE²
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College,
Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
²Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited,
Kalina, Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstract
The several evolutions in the field of medicine develop different cellular mechanisms for striking along with entering the target cells with efficiency. The utilization of recombinenet adenovirus as carriers for cDNA induces dose along with therapy limiting of defense mechanisms. Artificial viral envelopes (AVE) are lipid vesicles which mimic with fusogenic envelop of retrovirus to utilize as target selectivity along with efficiency of delivery of viruses. The major component of AVE includes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyiserine along with sphingomyelins. The negative charge is present on AVE’s help them for targeting the moieties such as viral binding proteins. The artificial viral envelopes show potential applications in plasmid delivery.
28 September 2012

COLLOIDOSOMES: A POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

About Authors:
AMOL D.GHOLAP^*1, DATTATRAY TUPE²
¹ Department of Pharmaceutics, Vamanrao Ithape D. Pharmacy College, Velhale, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, MS-422605, India.
² Department of Regulatory Affairs, Lupin Limited, Kalina,
Santakruz (E), Mumbai, MS, India-400098.
*amolgholap16@yahoo.com

Abstracts
There are several newer lipid based systems are evoked and utilized now a days as dryg delivery systems like liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes etc which provides effective solutions for problem regarding insolubility, instability, rapid degradation along with has wide application in the specialized area consisting protein delivery, targeting to the brain, and tumor targeting. This lipid based systems also utilized in for gene delivery with efficient performance while in this field the colloidosomes evoked as potential tool based on the vascular drug delivery system. There are several applications of vascular systems are present including reduction in the cost of therapy via improved bioavailability of medication generally in the case of poorly soluble drugs. The colloidosomes have several beneficial advantages like greater encapsulation efficiency with wide control on the size along with permeability and compatibility. The colloidosomes also have effective mechanical strength.
27 September 2012

ANALYSIS BY INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL METHODS

About Authors:
Kapil Sharma^*1, Subhash Gupta²
¹Yaresun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,India.
²Oasis test house ltd.jaipur-302006,rajasthan,india.
*pharma_kapil@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION
Most of the manufacturing industries rely upon both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw material used meet certain specification, and also to check quality of the final product. The unwanted compound may be harmful to manufacturing process or may appear as a harmful impurity in the final product.¹

A quantitative analysis is performed to establish the proportion of the essential component in the raw material. The final manufactured product is analyzed to ensure that its essential component is present within a predetermined range of composition and impurities do not exceed certain specified limit.
27 September 2012

FORMULATION DESIGN, MANUFACTURE CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF TABLET

About Authors:
¹Sahu Deepak*, ²Ketawat Santosh
¹Ass.Professor, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
²Lecturer, Geetanjali Institute of Pharmacy,
Dabok, Udaipur [Rajasthan] – 313022
*deepak.sahu.bhl@gmail.com

Abstract
Tablet is the most preferred oral dosage form, due to many advantages it offers to formulators as well as physicians and patients. However, the process of manufacturing tablets is complex. Hence, careful consideration has to be given to select right process, and right excipients to ultimately give a robust, high productivity and regulatory compliant product of good quality.
26 September 2012

INCIDENCE AND PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE ADHESIONS

About Authors:
¹Robin Sharma*, ¹Ajay Kumar, ²Dr. Bharat Prashar
¹M.Pharm (Pharmacology)
²Head of Pharmacy Department
Manav Bharti University, Solan.
*sharmarobin@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT
Postoperative adhesions are a significant health problem with major implications on quality of life, health care and expenses on treatment. The purpose of this review was to investigate the incidence of post operative adhesions and the treatment measures such as efficacy of preventative techniques and adhesion barriers. The National Library of Medicine, Medline and A-Z databases were used to identify articles related to postoperative adhesions. Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, open colectomy, and open gynecologic procedures are associated with the highest risk of adhesive small-bowel obstruction (class I evidence). Based on expert opinion (class III evidence) intraoperative preventative principles, such as meticulous haemostasis, avoiding excessive tissue dissection and ischemia, and reducing remaining surgical material such as powdered gloves have been published. Laparoscopic techniques, result in fewer adhesions than laparotomy techniques (class I evidence). Available bioabsorbable barriers, such as hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose, have been shown to reduce adhesions (class I evidence). Postoperative adhesions are a significant health problem after the surgery. General intraoperative preventative techniques, laparoscopic techniques, and the use of bioabsorbable mechanical barriers in the appropriate cases reduce the incidence and severity of peritoneal adhesions and post operative adhesions.

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26 September 2012

Nanoparticles: An Overview

About Authors:
Mahek Goel
Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research
Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana (124001)
mahekgoel10@gmail.com

Abstract:
Nanoparticles are the preparations having size in nanometers. Particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. They have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, restrict access of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action. Various polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drug delivery research to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects. Here, we review various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics, drug loading, in vitro release profile and their applications in delivery of drug molecules and therapeutic genes.