The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common group of viruses with more than 200 types, some of which are responsible for causing cervical cancer, a serious disease affecting women worldwide. Scientific research shows that HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for nearly 70% of cervical cancer cases. The virus spreads mainly through skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual contact. In many cases the infection clears naturally, but if high-risk HPV types remain in the body for a long time, they can cause abnormal changes in cervical cells that may eventually lead to cancer. Because cervical cancer often develops slowly and may not show symptoms in early stages, prevention through vaccination is considered one of the most effective strategies.

To reduce the burden of cervical cancer, the Government of India has launched a nationwide HPV vaccination program targeting adolescent girls. The program primarily focuses on girls around 14 years of age, as vaccination at this age provides protection before possible exposure to the virus. Under this initiative, the vaccine is provided free of cost at government healthcare facilities, including Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Community Health Centres (CHCs), district hospitals, government medical colleges, and Ayushman Arogya Mandir centres. The government aims to vaccinate millions of girls every year, which is expected to significantly reduce cervical cancer cases in the coming decades.

The vaccine used in the program is generally a quadrivalent HPV vaccine, which protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Among these, types 16 and 18 are the most strongly associated with cervical cancer. According to recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO), even a single dose of HPV vaccine can provide strong protection, which is why India’s campaign is adopting a single-dose strategy to increase coverage. The HPV vaccine has been widely used in more than 160 countries and millions of doses have been administered globally, confirming its safety and effectiveness. Common side effects are usually mild, such as temporary pain at the injection site or mild fever, while serious side effects are extremely rare.