Articles

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Chetana Ribadiya*¹, Hemang Ribadia², Nimish Talaviya³, Chandani Joshi³, Ashok Parmar^3
1M.Pharm, Smt. R. B. Patel Mahila Pharmacy College, Atkot
²M.Pharm, Drug Regulatory Affairs Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Saurashtra University
³M.Pharm, Smt. R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Rajkot
*chetana.ribadiya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A simple, precise, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Cefixime Trihydrate (CEF) and Linezolid (LNZ) by employing first order derivative zero crossing method in Methanol. The first order derivative absorption at 290 nm (zero cross point of CEF) was used for quantification of Linezolid and 228 nm (zero cross point of LNZ) for quantification of Cefixime Trihydrate. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 2-18 µg/ml and 7-15 µg/ml for Cefixime and Linezolid with correlation coefficient r² 0.9970 and 0.9982, respectively. The mean % recoveries were found to be in the range of 98.36 % – 99.45 % and 100.10 % – 101.66 % for Cefixime and Linezolid, respectively. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guideline and successfully applied to the estimation of Cefixime and Linezolid in bulk and in market formulation.

About Author:
Pooja Dhiman
Lecturer
Chitkara University, Solan [H.P]
Pooja.dhiman@chitkarauniversity.edu.in

The WHO defines drug abuse as “persistent or sporadic excessive drug use inconsistent with or unrelated to acceptable medical practice.” Barbiturates are the drugs which act on the central nervous system and produce depression.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Krishna J. Kathawala¹*, Gaurav L. Ninama¹, Ankitkumar Y. Parikh¹, Krupali V. Upadhyay^2
1A. R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy B/H. B & B Polytechnic College, Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388 120, Gujarat, India.
²Shree Satsangi Saketdham “Ram Ashram” group of Institution, At. & Post. Vadasma, Tal. & Dist. Mehsana, Gujarat – 382708, India.
*krishna.kathawala@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Nitric oxide (NO) and Carbon monoxide (CO) are the reputed neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of vascular tone. H₂S, which synthesized from L-cysteine, can play more vital role as Gasotransmitters compare to NO and CO. H₂S have a role as a stimulator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP-channels) in the vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β-cells. H₂S also minimize the toxic effect by reacting with reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species and attenuating their physiological functions. H₂S have a unique feature of not to stimulate soluble guanylate-cyclase like other Gasotransmitters. H₂S plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, insulin secretion, and myocardial contractility. Recent studies showed that, in various animal models of arterial and pulmonary hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, gastric mucosal injury and liver cirrhosis had H₂S deficiency which defines the significance of H₂S. Exogenous H₂S alleviates myocardial dysfunction associated with the ischemia/reperfusion injury with reducing the damage of gastric mucosa generated by anti-inflammatory drugs. H₂S had also some drawbacks like every coin has two sides. Excessive production of H₂S may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, septic shock, cerebral stroke and mental retardation in patients with Down syndrome, and reduction of its production may be of potential therapeutic value in these states. Preclinical evidence is provided to show that H₂S releasing derivatives of several NSAIDs, including Diclofenac and Indomethacin indeed represent excellent gastrointestinal safety and are more potent than the parent drugs as anti inflammatory agents. Derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs other than NSAIDs (e.g. mesalamine) have also been shown to be significantly improved over the parent drug in many respects. So, H₂S can be Revolutionary scientific miracle as a gasotransmitters  at maximum potential if the drawbacks are minimize by cutting edge solution.

About Authors:
Arsh Chanana*, Mahesh Kumar Kataria, Ajay Bilandi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Seth. G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Sri Ganganagar (Rajasthan) INDIA
*arshchanana806@gmail.com

Abstract-
Microcapsule is a tiny sphere including core material/internal phase or fill, coated with/surrounded by wall know as shell, coating or membrane. The usual size range of the microcapsule lies between 1 to 1000 μm. The technique is usually applied for targeted drug delivery, protection of the molecule and stability if the core material. Microencapsulation system offers potential advantages over conventional drug delivery systems and also established as unique carrier systems for many pharmaceuticals. This article contains the traditional and the recent techniques, including their patents, for the preparation of microcapsules. Solvent exchange method, coacervation, polymerization, hot melts etc are several recent techniques are used for the preparation of the microcapsules. The microencapsulation technique, as Novel drug Delivery System (NDDS), is widely applied for delivery of probiotics, drugs, pesticide, food etc. Although significant advances have been made in the field of microencapsulation, still many challenges need to be rectified during the appropriate selection of core materials, coating materials and process techniques.

About Authors:
Vivek P. Chavda
Department of Pharmaceutics, B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College,
Rajkot – 360003, Gujarat (India)
vivek7chavda@gmail.com

Introduction
Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. Ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal uses for plants as early as 3,000 BC. Indigenous cultures (such as African and Native American) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems (such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) in which herbal therapies were used. Researchers found that people in different parts of the world tended to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes. In the early 19th century, when chemical analysis first became available, scientists began to extract and modify the active ingredients from plants. Later, chemists began making their own version of plant compounds and, over time, the use of herbal medicines declined in favor of drugs. Almost one fourth of pharmaceutical drugs are derived from botanicals. Recently, the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. In Germany, about 600 - 700 plant based medicines are available and are prescribed by some 70% of German physicians. In the past 20 years in the United States, public dissatisfaction with the cost of prescription medications, combined with an interest in returning to natural or organic remedies, has led to an increase in herbal medicine use.[1] There are many herbal products proved to be having good antidiabetic potential. Coccinia indica (Bimba, kanduri, Cucurbitaceae) is famous for its hypoglycemic and antidiabetic properties in Ayurvedic system of medicine. (See Fig. 1) Coccinia indica, the ivy gourd, also known as baby watermelon, little gourd, gentleman's toes, tindora or gherkin(inaccurately) is a tropical vine. It is also known as Cephalandra indica.[2] It is indigenous to Bengal and other parts of India. C. indicagrows abundantly all over India, Tropical Africa, Australia, Fiji and throughout the oriental countries. The plant has also been used extensively in Ayurvedic and Unani practice in the Indian subcontinent.[3] Seeds or fragments of the vine can be relocated and lead to viable offspring. This can occur when humans transport organic debris or equipment containing C. grandis. Once the ivy gourd is established, it is presumably spread by birds, rats, and other mammals. In Hawaii, it has been suggested that the fruit may be dispersed by pigs.[4]Long-distance dispersal is most commonly carried out by humans due to its culinary uses or by mistake. In certain parts of the U.S., the ivy gourd is known as Rashmato (singular) or Rashmati (plural). Some people have begun using the plural term Rashmatoes, since it is sounds more like potatoes or tomatoes. In parts of the Caribbean it is known as lizard food.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
S.Shanmugam¹, J. Srikanth Reddy*¹, T. Vetrichelvan²
Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy,
Melmaruvathur, 603 319, Tamilnadu, India.
*srikanthjeedipelly@gmail.com

ABSTRCT:
The present study in formulation and evaluation of 5-fluorouracil microcapsules. 5-fluorouracil which is used as a anti cancer drug to treat cancer. The capsules were prepared by coacervation phase separation and emulsion solvent evaporation by using gelatin, sodium alginate and ethyl cellulose. The prepared microcapsules were evaluated with various evaluation methods such as drug content, in-vitro drug release studies, kinetic studies and stability studies as per ICH guidelines were performed. The formulated extended release microcapsules were prepared by powder layering technique. In these formulations containing 150mg of 5-fluorouracil was loaded in it. The particle size and dissolution study of  F9 formulation was concluded as the best formulation among other formulations, which showing the most desired drug release. It will be considered as optimized formulation. No significant change was observed in the drug content physical properties and dissolution rate of these micro pellets after the storage period of three months at 40±2ºc and 75±5%RH.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Jain Deepika*, Rathore Kamal Singh
BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Udaipur-Raj.313002 INDIA
*dpka88jain@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Pharmacovigilance is particularly concerned with adverse drug reactions, or ADRs, which are officially described as: “A response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological function”. The mission of Pharmacovigilance is to contribute to the protection of public health in the regulation of the safety; quality and efficacy of medicines for human use and to ensure the healthcare professionals and patients have access to information about the safe and effective use of medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adverse drug reaction (ADR) as “Any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for modification of the physiological function”.

The discipline of pharmacovigilance has developed considerably since the 1972 WHO technical report, and it remains a dynamic clinical and scientific discipline. It has been essential to meet the challenges of the increasing range and potency of medicines (including vaccines), which carry with them an inevitable and sometimes unpredictable potential for harm. The following is a summary of some of the serious challenges facing pharmacovigilance programmes in the next ten years & the major challenges are:Globalization, Web-based sales and information, Broader safety concerns, Public health versus pharmaceutical industry economic growth , Monitoring of established products, Developing and emerging countries, Attitudes and perceptions to benefit and harm, Outcomes and Impact.

ABOUT AUTHORS:
R.B.Desireddy, *Sure.Lakshmi Sindhuri, A. Charitha, G.Naga sowjanya
Nalanda institute of pharmaceutical sciences,
kantepudi, Sattenapalli.
*suresindhuri@gmail.com

ABOUT AUTHOR:
Raj Kishor
Avigna Clinical Research Institute
Bangalore
raryan859@gmail.com