• PharmaTutor
    15 November 2013

    INDIAN PATENT AND INDIAN PATIENT, FRIEND OR RIVAL: A COMMUNICATION

    ABOUT AUTHORS:
    Prathima Patil*1, Tahseen Sameena1, S.P.Sethy, K.Shailaja1, P.Mishra2
    1Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sushrut Institute of Pharmacy
    Taddanpally (V), Pulkal (M), Medak-502293.
    2Department Of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy College Of Pharmacy
    Maisimaguda, Dhulapalli, Secundrabad-14
    pratima.patil0@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT:
    Though patents are effective tools for promoting innovation and protecting intellectual property in the pharmaceutical sciences, there has been a growing concern that the current scenario of patient and patent is not vivid in developing countries like India. A lot of complications arise when a pharmaceutical firm applies for patent for their product in developing countries. Innovation in global health care needs patent protection as a safeguard, so patent is a must requires item for health care industries. We can say Patent as a fuel for innovation simultaneously it can burn the pocket of economically backward patients in developing countries. But this thing should not happen as both patent and patient needs each other. A friendly relationship should exist between them. In this context we have discussed about various aspect of patent and patient related issue and also about sensible solution for the issue.

  • 14 November 2013
    REVIEW ON ANTI AGING

    ABOUT AUTHOR:
    Sayoni Sengupta
    M.Pharm 1st Sem.
    Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Rourkela, Orissa
    bonirini@hotmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Aging is the accumulation of changes in person overtime. Aging in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, physiological and social changes.
    Recent studies have revealed that certain medicinal herbs are effective in the intervention or prevention of aging and also in the eradication of age associated disorders. Herbs used in anti-aging programmes have medicinal properties which stimulate the vital organs in the body and restore their normal function. Many of them possess antioxidant properties.
    Ginseng derived from the Chinese term, belongs to the genus Panax, of the family Araliaceaeby the presence of ginsenoside.
    Recent studies explain the exotic role of Panax ginseng’s ginsenoside in promoting neurological health support and also state its beneficial effects in anti-aging and nerve related problems.

  • 14 November 2013
    ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: SHOCKING ERROR OF IMMUNE SYSTEM!

    About Author:
    Arvind Negi
    Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
    Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001
    arvindnegi2301@gmail.com
    { DOWNLOAD AS PDF }

    Abstract
    Activation of immune response is developed in respect to some xenobiotic sensitization, which is supposed to prevent and protect the body from sufferings induced by these xenobiotic. But unfortunately sometime body behaves in a paradoxical manner which misguides the immune system and ultimately turned into a bizarre situation of immune function. One of such response is anaphylactic shock, which is quite fatal if untreated. This review brings insights into the molecular physiology of anaphylactic shock and how some people elicit allergic response to certain substances but not the other. This major catastrophe of the body holds an error of immune system whereas this commentary based review disclosed the synchronization of the unfortunate lessons of the immune system, which makes it a cruel to cause DEATH!

  • 13 November 2013
    ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY; AN OVERVIEW

    ABOUT AUTHORS:
    Ramesh Babu Pedada1*, Eukondalu Vanka1, Dr.A.M.S.Sudhakar Babu1, Prasanna kumar Desu1, P.Ramaa Bharathi1, P.Venkateawara.rao2
    1Department of Pharmaceutics, 2Department of Pharmaceutical  Analysis,
    A.M.Reddy Memorial College of pharmacy, Narasaraopet, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India.
    Rameshbabu.pedada@gmail.com
    { DOWNLOAD AS PDF }

    ABSTRACT:
    Enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drug is a very challenging task in drug development, nearly 40% of the new chemical entities currently being discovered are poorly water soluble drugs. Aqueous solubility of any therapeutically active substance is a key property as it governs dissolution, absorption and thus the in vivo efficacy. Orally administered drugs completely absorb only when they show fair solubility in gastric medium and such drugs shows good bioavailability. The solubility and dissolution properties of drugs play an important role in the process of formulation development. Problem of solubility is a major challenge for formulation scientist which can be solved by different technological approaches during the pharmaceutical product development work. The present review deals in detail about the solubilisation by surfactants, cosolvents, complexation for the improvement of solubility of poorly water soluble drugs.

  • 12 November 2013
    A MINI REVIEW ON NANOSPONGE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

    ABOUT AUTHOR:
    Surya Prakash Singh*
    Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy,
    Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Warangal,
    pin:506001, Warangal, A.P, India
    surya.prakashsingh@yahoo.com

    ABSTRACT:
    Nanotechnology, a multi disciplinary science has received considerable attention in the recent times in the discovery of new chemical entities, diagnosis and treatment of several ailments[1]. It has created a remarkable impact on healthcare sector as an offshoot called nanomedicine. Many newer drugs show promising in vitro effect but lack in vivo effect due to decreased bioavailability. Nanomedicine has developed many drug delivering systems like nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanosponges etc., to overcome the problems of bioavailability out of which nanosponge is an advanced drug delivery system which offers diverse advantages than the other available systems. In this review, an attempt is made to summarize the methods of development, evaluation techniques and possible areas of applications and future of nanosponge drug delivery systems.

  • 11 November 2013
    COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROPHYLACTIC USE OF AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANIC ACID IN COMBINATION VS CEFTRIAXONE IN NEUROSURGERY WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL WITH ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE RATE IN NEUROSURGERY TO ANTIMICROBIALS

    ABOUT AUTHORS:
    Neehar Dixit, Arun Kumar, Prashant mathur, Preeti kothiyal
    Department of clinical pharmacy
    Division of Pharmaceutics
    SGRRITS, Patel Nagar
    Dehradun, 248001
    Uttarakhand, India
    neehar.dixit007@gmail.com

  • 10 November 2013
    PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACEUTICALS: A REVIEW

    ABOUT AUTHORS:
    S.P.Sethy*, Tahseen Sameena, Prathima Patil, K.Shailaja
    Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
    Sushrut Institute of Pharmacy
    Taddanpally (V), Pulkal (M), Medak-502293
    sarada9439504350@gmail.com

  • 8 November 2013
    FATAL FAMILIAL INSOMNIA

    ABOUT AUTHORS:
    Jyotirmoyee Patnaik
    Kanak Manjari Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences
    Rourkela, Orissa
    patnaik.jyotirmoyee@gmail.com

  • 8 November 2013
    THYROID DYSFUNCTIONS AND ITS MONITORING

    About Authors:
    Pathak Namita*, Kothiyal Preeti, Dr. Prashant Mathur
    Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
    Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Technology and Sciences,
    Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248001
    pathak_namita@ymail.com
    { DOWNLOAD AS PDF }

    Abstract
    The prevalence of hypothyroidism is three times higher among women than men. The prevalence in an unselect­ed community population of young, middle aged and elderly individuals is about 1.4 percent and the estimated annual incidence rate is one to two per 1,000 women. Surveys of geriatric populations have yielded estimated prevalence rates for overt hypothyroidism of 0.2 percent to 3 percent. The presentation of symptoms in the elderly may be atypical or absent. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is estimated to be between 4.0–8.5% of the adult US population without known thyroid disease, and the prevalence increases with age. Up to 20% of women over the age of 60 are estimated to have subclinical hypothyroidism. Caucasians are more likely to have subclinical hypothyroidism than non-Caucasians. The risk is highest in those with type I diabetes mellitus, a family history of thyroid disease or head/neck cancers treated with external beam radiation. Other risk factors include previous radioactive iodine treatment or thyroid surgery. Interestingly, about 20% of patients on thyroid medications are both over re­placed and under replaced. Because of the high incidence of thyroid disease, The American Thyroid Association recommends measuring thyroid function on all adults beginning at age 35 years and every 5 years thereafter noting that more frequent screening may be appropriate in high risk groups. The treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism has been controversial but more recent data suggest there are increased risks of ischemic heart disease in untreated patients and that a more aggressive approach to treat­ ment would be appropriate.7 In contrast, subclinical hyperthyroidism has more well understood risks of atrial fibrillation and flutter and so should be more ag­gressively treated.

  • 7 November 2013
    DRUG DESIGNING : A REVIEW

    ABOUT AUTHOR:
    Muhammed Mujahed
    Master’s of Science in Biotechnology.
    SRTM University.
    mujubiotech2011@rediffmail.com

    INTRODUCTION:
    Drug design is an integrated developing discipline which portends an era of ‘tailored drug’. It involves the study of effects of biologically active compounds on the basis of molecular interactions in terms of molecular structure or its physico-chemical properties involved. It studies the processes by which the drug produce their effects, how they react with the protoplasm to elicit a particular pharmacological effect or response how they are modified or detoxified, metabolized or eliminated by the organism.

    Disposition of drugs in individual region of biosystems is one of the main factors determining the place , mode and intensity of their action . The biological activity may be “positive” as in drug design or “negative” as in toxicology. Thus drug design involves either total innovation of lead  or an optimization of already available lead. These concepts are the building stones up on which the edifice of drug design is built up.

    The drug is most commonly an organicsmall  molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design.

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