Articles

4 May 2011

THE ROLE OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN COPD

Abour Author: Kesinath Kotha*1, Varun Raj Vemula2, Rupesh Kotte3
1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Peters institute of pharmaceutical sciences, Warangal, A.P
2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vikas College of Pharmacy, Warangal, A.P.
3. SRR college of pharmaceutical sciences, Karimnagar, A.P.

ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airways and out of the lungs, and the obstruction generally is permanent and may be progressive over time. According to WHO in India, a study collecting data without spirometry assessment suggested that 12 million people were affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies show a prevalence of respiratory symptoms in 6%–7% of non-smokers and up to 14% of smokers. In a recent study in southern India, the prevalence rate of COPD in adults was around 7%. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S. and the economic burden of COPD in the U.S. in 2007 was $42.6 billion in health care costs and lost productivity.
In view of its importance, the use of corticosteroids in treatment & management of COPD in acute & chronic conditions has been discussed along with emphasis on recent research trends. Use of corticosteroids & different combination products in the treatment of COPD along with their uses and side effects are presented.
3 May 2011

NATURAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT COIL

About Author: Naresh Sharma,
M.pharma (Pharmacognosy)
Department of Pharmacognosy, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology,
Jodhpur, India.

ABSTRACT
Due to Lack of knowledge regarding the toxic effects of synthetic compound in mosquito repellents,synthetic mosquito repellents are widely used. The prolong use of synthetic mosquito repellents shows many side effects like neurotoxic hazards, immunotoxic hazards, skin allergy, seizures, eye irritation, insomnia, impaired congnitive function, cough, sneezing, headache, asthma, bronchial irritation, itching,ear, nose and throat pain, dermatitis, reproductive dysfunction, development impairment and cancer, death. Synthetic mosquito repellents contains very toxic compounds such as DEET, picaridin, permethrin, P?Menthane?3, 8?diol (PMD) etc. These draw backs created a pathway for herbal mosquito repellents coil. Large numbers of herbal drugs are used in these mosquito repellents like Neem, Vekhand, Tulsi, Ajowan, Raal, etc along with other natural ingredients. The efforts are made to study the traditional beliefs from scientific approach. The main aim of this product development is to provide employment to the rural youth and to promote the use of herbal mosquito repellent coil as complete safe alternate of chemical repellents.
3 May 2011

POTENTIATION OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA LATEX WITH EPINEPHRINE AND pH IN GUINEA PIG.

Abour Author: RJ Pathyusha B
M.Pharm,
T.K.R.C.O.P, JNTU

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1043

ABSTRACT
The present work describes the local anesthetic activity of milky latex obtained from Calotropis procera and its potentiation with epinephrine and pH. The milky latex at a dilution of 1:10, exhibited significant local anesthetic activity. Both epinephrine (5µg/ml) and pH of 7.2 prolonged the duration of local anesthetic activity. The method used is infiltration anesthesia in Guinea pig. In conclusion, the duration of the effect produced by combination of Calotropis procera latex and epinephrine was longer than that by latex alone.
2 May 2011

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPTLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM

About Authors: MALLIKARJUNA RAO N.
1. Research scholar of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1042

ABSTRACT
Objective:This present study reports for the first time simultaneous quantitation of Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calciumby HPTLC from a combined dosage form.
Methods: Chromatographic separation of the drugs were performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ used as stationary phase and the chromatogram was developed using Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (7.5 : 2 : 0.5 %v/v/v) as mobile phase. Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium showed Rf values 0.50 ±0.02 and 0.26 ±0.02 respectively. Densiometric analysis of both the drugs was carried out in the absorbance mode at 365 nm. The method has been successfully applied to tablets and was validated according to ICH Harmonized Tripartite guidelines.
Results: The linearity regression analysis for calibration showed 0.9983 (r²) and 0.9994 (r²) for amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium with respect to peak area and height in the concentration range of 100-500ng/spot and 200-600ng/spot respectively. The percentage recovery for amlodipine besylate was found to be 101.82 (at 50%), 99.12 (at 100%) and 101.41 (at 50%), 101.71 (at 100%) for atorvastatin calcium. The limit of detection was 30 ng/spot and 60 ng/spot for amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium respectively. The limit of quantification was found to be 100 ng/spot and 200 ng/spot for amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium respectively.
Conclusion: The developed TLC technique is precise, specific and accurate. It was concluded that the developed method offered several advantages such as rapid, cost effective, simple mobile phase and sample preparation steps and improved sensitivity made it specific, reliable and easily reproducible in any quality control set-up providing all the parameters are followed accurately for its intended use.
2 May 2011

Study of Effect of pH on Pioglitazone by UV Spectroscopy and Its Estimation in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

About Authors: Arun Kumar Dash*, Suchismita Jena, Sudhir Kumar Sahoo
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance
Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Andhapasara Road Berhampur, Odisha

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1040

ABSTRACT
A simple method for the estimation of Pioglitazone in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. 0.1N HCl was chosen as the solvent system. The λmax was found to be 270nm and all absorbance values were carried out at 270nm. The responses were linear in the range of 5-100µg/ml. The regression equation of the calibration graph and correlation coefficient were found to be y = 0.026x - 0.020 and 0.999 respectively. The %RSD values for both intraday and interday precision were less than 1%. The recovery of the drug from the sample was ranged between 99.36 and 100.49%. The proposed method was validated for precision, accuracy, intraday, interday assay, robustness and ruggedness. Commercial tablets containing 20mg and 40mg of Pioglitazone were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were well within the claimed limits. Furthermore the effect of pH on Pioglitazone was studied.
2 May 2011

PRODUCTION,EXTRACTION AND ASSAY OF ANTIBIOTICS FROM BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL ISOLATES

About Author: D. Gopi Krishna
M.Phil
Tirumala Engineering College
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

ABSTRACT:
Antibiotics are one of the most important commercially exploited secondary metabolites produced by the bacteria and employed in a wide range. Most of the antibiotic producers used today are the soil microbes. Fungal strains and streptomyces members are extensively used in industrial antibiotic production. Bacteria are easy to isolate, culture, maintain and to improve their strains. Microbes are omni present and exist in a competitive environment. Bacillus species being the predominant soil bacteria because of their resistant endospore formation and production of vital antibiotics like bacitracin etc. are always found inhibiting the growth of the other organisms. In the present project a soil bacterium with the antibiotic activity is screened studied for morphological characters which can provide valuable information about the strain. The inhibitory activity of the organism is checked against some of the important opportunistic microbial flora and inoculated into an appropriate designed media depending on the bacterial requirements, and incubated for 48 hrs at 370C. The produced compound is extracted by solvent extraction and assayed for its activity. Enhancement in the antibiotic production is studied under various parameters like temperature, pH, carbon source concentration, and Sodium nitrate concentration, which may help in the industrial production. The extracted substance was found effective against the gram positive endospore forming bacilli and gram positive coci. Though a large list of antibiotics are commercially available, the search for the most potential one is still on, and this work may provide some potential information on the antibiotic production and the control of microbial strains.

Objective: The objective of the present study is production extraction and assay of antibiotics from bacterial and fungal isolates using soil as source.
2 May 2011

Study of Antimicrobial Property of Some hypoglycemic Drugs

About Authors: Amitesh Kumar Palo*¹, Birendra Kumar Pattanaik², Arun Kumar Dash³.

¹College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur, Odisha
²Gaytri Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gunupur, Odisha.
³Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Andhapasara Road, Berhampur.

ABSTRACT
In the present work, a comparative antimicrobial study of different hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin, Phenformin, Rosiglitazone Pioglitazone)was carried out. The antimicrobial assay was carried out against bacteria and fungi namely Bacillus liceniformis, Escheriaceae coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aurous subsp, Staphylococcus epidermidis by using disc diffusion method. Dilution and Diffusion dilutionmethod were used as standard disk with Ciprofloxacin as the standard drug. The entire procedure can be carried out by inoculation of bacterial strain to the agar media in which the drug solution is added. From this the antimicrobial activity of drug was determined.
2 May 2011

CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY (PAT) – A REVIEW

About Author: Amit Surani,
Dept. of Quality Assurance,
M.Pharm, Maliba College of Pharmacy, Surat
Gujarat Technical University

ABSTRACT
According to FDA, Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling manufacturing process through timely measurements of critical quality and performance attributes of raw materials, in-process materials and processes with the goal of ensuring final product quality.
PAT involves the use of different technologies and tools to build quality into the products. Effective PAT implementation is based on detailed, science-based understanding of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of all elements of the proposed drug product.
Pharmaceutical companies face many challenges while implementing PAT into their new and pre-existing manufacturing processes. This article discusses the challenges encountered by manufacturers and the benefits they can reap by successful implementation of PAT.
2 May 2011

Click chemistry - A New Approach for Drug Discovery

About Author: Shekh Yunus1, Nirmal Das Adhikary2 and Partha Chattopadhyay*
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
at IICB, Jadavpur, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India

Source of Support: NIPER Kolkata and IICB

ABSTRACT:
Click chemistry is a modular approach that uses only the most practical and reliable chemical transformations. Its applications are increasingly found in all aspects of drug discovery, ranging from lead finding through combinatorial chemistry and target-templated in situ chemistry, to proteomics and DNA research, using bioconjugation reactions. The copper-(I)-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole formation from azides and terminal acetylenes is a particularly powerful linking reaction, due to its high degree of dependability, complete specificity, and the bio-compatibility of the reactants. The triazole products are more than just passive linkers; they readily associate with biological targets, through hydrogen bonding and dipole interactions.
2 May 2011

PESTICIDES: A SLOW POISON

About Authors: Shanker Swaroop Sharma
B.Pharm
Sagar Institute of Tech. & Management, Barabanki

ABSTRACT:
With enormous increase in the population the demand of pesticides gradually increases throughout the world. the question arises that where the fault begins, whether farmers are spraying overdose of pesticides either to earn money or to save their crop. Movement of pesticides into surface or ground water affected human & wildlife beyond acceptable safety levels where 20000 deaths reported annually.