Articles

12 March 2012

A COMPARATIVE RELEASE STUDY OF ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE FROM DIFFERENT VEHICLES BY USING DIFFERENT CHEMICAL ENHANCERS

ABOUT AUTHORS:
RANI SHALU^1*, SAROHA KAMAL¹, NANDA SANJU²
¹Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
MDU, Rohtak 124001,
Haryana, India.

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro release properties of Ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate from different topical vehicles. By the unique advantages over the traditional drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery is becoming increasingly important and has got a vital interest in pharmaceutical industries. An in vitro release experiment was designed to reveal the rate of release of ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate from four different topical vehicles: (i) cream; (ii) a gel; (iii) an ointment (iv) pronoisomal gel. In vitro release of ziprasidone hydrochloride monohydrate from the four bases was monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 318 nm. In vitro release study results showed that the release of drug from vehicles ranks according to the following order: gel> proniosomal gel> cream> ointment. Gel base showed considerably higher drug release than other vehicles. Five types of chemical enhancers was used in the study and among them tulsi oil was the best enhancer. As we increase the concentration of chemical enhancer the release of drug also increases. By monitoring and attempting to explain the many possible reasons for the different rates of drug release from the vehicles, it was hope that the experiment would confer essential information concerning factors affecting the release of drugs from topical formulations.
11 March 2012

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROCESS IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN OVERVIEW

About Authors:
YASWANTH ALLAMNENI^*, P DAYANANDA CHARY, S CHAITANYA KUMAR, VENKATA BALAKRISHNA RAO N
Research and Development Department,
Natco Pharma Limited,
Kothur, Mahaboobnagar,
Andhra Pradesh – 509228.

Abstract:
The main objective of this study is to provide the clear procedure for technology transfer process in pharmaceutical industry. Technology transfer is a process to transfer information and technologies necessary to manufacture quality drug product consistently or technology transfer is the process of taking an invention from its inception in a laboratory to a commercialized product. Investment in R&D is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for economic growth. Productivity gains only result from the natural diffusion of innovation to the marketplace (technology transfer). Responsible departments for successful technology transfer of a product in pharmaceutical industry are R&D, Production, Engineering, QC and QA.
11 March 2012

VARIOUS DETECTORS USED IN THE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH COMPARISON OF THEIR SENSITIVITY

About Authors:
Patel Amit, Hala Arshad, Beniwal Prashant
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA

ABSTRACT:
The HPLC detectors are used to detect the solute present in the eluent comes from the HPLC column. There are various types of detectors available, but Detector selection in HPLC system is most valuable part in the solute detection. After comparison of all detector, find out which is the best detector for our solute analysis? Then Detector selection was carried out. Comparisons of all detectors are done on the basis of the sensitivity of the detector for that particular solute.
9 March 2012

THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM: THE ROLE OF VALSARTAN AS ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBS)

About Authors:
Richa Sood
CTIPS,Jalandhar,
India.

Abstract:
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and worsening of heart failure(HF). Recently developed class of drug, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) block the RAS at the receptor level, and may therefore provide more complete blockade. Angiotensin II Receptor type 1 antagonists have been widely used in treatment of diseases like hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and diabetic nephropathy. Their beneficial effects are related to inhibition of Angiotensin II by blockade of AT1 receptor. Valsartan is an orally active Angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist which causes reduction in blood pressure and is used in treatment of hypertension. It was first developed by Novartis and has wide market in the developed and the developing countries.

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6 March 2012

ELECTRONIC TRANSITION IN UV VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

About Authors:
Tarun Patel , Prof. Dr. Vipin Kukkar, Nilesh Sovasia
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA

INTRODUCTION
When we speak of a molecule as being raised to a higher electronic level we mean that an electron has been changed from one orbital to another orbital of higher energy. This electron can be of any kinds we have encountered –a σelectron, a π electron or an n electron. In Ultraviolet region we are confined only to the excitation of the comparatively loosely held n and πelectrons.²
5 March 2012

A PRIMER ON QUALITY AND SAFETY OF COSMETICS

About Author:
Tarun Patel, Prof. Dr. Vipin Kukkar, Amit Patel
Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, INDIA

ABSTRACT:
It is a product which is used for improvement of appearance of human body by applying it externally on human body. For better results and minimizing risk of adverse reaction of cosmetic products on human body we have to check out and maintain quality of cosmetic products during its manufacturing. And also required some safety parameters for manufacturing of cosmetic products. In this review article we discussed briefly about quality and safety parameters during manufacturing of cosmetic products.
29 February 2012

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ITRACONAZOLE TRANSDERMAL PATCHES

About Authors:
Sreedhar Reddy C
M.Pharm, Department of Pharmaceutics,
Vasavi Insitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vasavi Nagar, Peddapalli (V), Kadapa (dist),
A.P, India

Abstract:
In this study, transdermal patches containing Itraconazole were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) by solvent evaporation technique using 10%w/w of dibutyl phthalate incorporated as plasticizer. The drug matrix film of PVP and HPMC was casted on a polyvinylalcohol backing membrane that was previously dried at 60⁰C for 6 hrs. All the prepared formulations were subjected to physical studies (moisture content, moisture uptake, Tensile strength, flatness and Drug content determination), in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeation studies. The physiochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by IR spectroscopy have absence of any incompatibility. In vitro permeation studies were performed across skin using a Franz diffusion cell. Variations in drug release profiles among the formulations studied were observed. Based on a physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation study, formulation F1 (PVP/HPMC, 5:1) and F5 (PVP/HPMC, 1:5) were chosen for further in vivo experiments. The anti inflammatory effect and a sustaining action of Itraconazole from the two transdermal patches selected were studied by inducing paw edema in rats with 1% w/v carrageenan solution. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that Itraconazole can be formulated into the transdermal matrix type patches to sustain its release characteristics.
28 February 2012

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND PROCESS VALIDATION OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET

About Authors:
Mr. Davender. S. Bhandari
Department Of Pharmaceutical Science
Kumarhatti, Solan (H.P)

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
“Technology Transfer involves transferring technique & responsibility from development phase to regular production group .Whether transfer takes place between two sites, two companies, a company & third party manufacturer, or from R&D to a pilot plant or commercial facility.”
27 February 2012

Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation in Alloxan induced Diabetic Rats

ABOUT AUTHORS:
S Hamza*, Dr D. K. Suresh, R. Hasan, Md S. Khalid, R. Mistry
Department of Pharmacology,
Luqman College of Pharmacy,
Gulbarga - 585 102,
Karnataka, India.

ABSTRACT:
The study was to assess the antidiabetic activity ofa polyherbal formulation in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic activity of a polyherbal formulation in alloxan induced diabetic rats was assessed using Alloxan β-cytotoxin induced chemical diabetes in a wide variety of wistar albinorats. The polyherbal formulation contains thefollowing plants leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, Ginkgo biloba and plant seeds of Mucuna prurience.The extracts were prepared by continues hot soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether and water. Three different formulations were prepared for the study. The study reveals that the polyherbal formulations of plants leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, Ginkgo biloba and plant seeds of Mucuna prurience have antidiabetic activity and theactionmay be due to the restoration or regeneration of β-cells of pancreas.

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24 February 2012

Simple spectroscopic Methods for estimating Brain Neurotransmitters, Antioxidant Enzymes of Laboratory animals like Mice: A review

About Authors:
Habibur Rahman¹, M.C Eswaraiah²
¹Department of Pharmacology,
²Dept. of Pharmacognosy,
Anurag Pharmacy College,
Ananthagiri (V), Kodad (M),
Nalgonda (Dt.), A.P-508206, India

ABSTRACT
Brain neurotransmitters like Dopamine, serotonin, Adrenaline, Glutamate and enzymes like Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), Mono amino-oxidase (MAO-A & MAO-B) levels and antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase etc play important roles in different complex neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease(AD), Parkinsonism, depression etc. But biochemical estimation of these parameters is very difficult to conduct in simple laboratory. This review is a collection of simple spectroscopic methods to determine the common brain neurotransmitters and antioxidant enzymes.