Articles

4 March 2013

PERMEATION ENHANCERS - FULL INTRODUCTION: A REVIEW

ABOUT AUTHORS:
DEVENDRA SINGH¹*, PANKAJ KUMAR SHARMA¹, ROOHI KESHARWANI², Dr. UDAI VIR SINGH SARA¹
¹Raj kumar goel institute of technology, Delhi-Meerut Road, Ghaziabad, India
²Chandra shekhar singh college of pharmacy, Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
* devendrasingh.pisces@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Oral administration still dominates drug therapy and more than 60 % of marketed drugs are oral products. This type of drug administration is preferred due to its convenience, high patient compliance, less stringent production conditions and lower costs. Unfortunately, this traditional drug delivery method has its limitations, due to gastrointestinal permeability, metabolism and elimination of drugs by the liver or gastrointestinal mucosa (first-pass effect). The main drawback of the oral route is that only those compounds that are stable in the gastrointestinal tract can be administered in this way. For this reason, the oral route has been used for mainly non-peptide drugs. Delivery of a drug by oral route is predominantly restricted by pre-systemic degradation and poor penetration across the gut wall. The major challenge in the oral drug delivery is the development of novel dosage forms to endorse absorption of poorly permeable drugs across the intestinal epithelium. In this article we reviewed the various permeation enhancers, histology of small intestine, barriers, application, advantages, some basic permeability enhancement techniques which are useful for enhancing the permeability of poorly permeable drugs

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3 March 2013

A REVIEW ON CHAGAS DISEASE

About Author:
B. Krishna
Vasavi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kadapa, JNTUA
krishna5432.b@gmail.com
3 March 2013

PHARMACOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MARINE SPECIES

About Authors:
¹Uma Nath, ²Nitha p. mohan, ³Revathy sivan
¹Assistant professor, department of pharmaceutical chemistry,
²Assistant professor, department of pharmacognosy,
³Department of pharmacology,
^1,2,3daleview college of pharmacy and research centre punalal trivandrum kerala.
1 March 2013

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF GLIMEPIRIDE, PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE BY DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD

About Authors:
Wagh Vinod. T.
Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
DCS’s. A.R.A. College of Pharmacy, Nagaon,
Dhule-424005 MH. India
wagh.vinod517@gmail.com
1 March 2013

PHARMACOVIGILANCE: THE PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN INDIA

About Authors:
Roohi Kesharwani^1*, Devendra Singh², Vishal Jacob¹
1-Institute Of Foreign Trade And Management Lodhipur Rajput,
Delhi Road, Moradabad, India
2-Raj Kumar Goel Institute Of Technology, Delhi-Meerut Road, Ghaziabad, India
*roohi4mail@gmail.com, devendrasingh.pisces@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Pharmacovigilance is now accepted to be a continuous process of evaluation accompanied by steps to improve safe use of medicines which involves pharmaceutical companies, regulatory authorities, health professionals and patients. The methodologies have broadened to encompass many different types of study, with spontaneous reporting remaining the cornerstone. The concern for ADRs in highly vulnerable populations is of even greater concern.Pharmacovigilance is especially important since most of the adverse effects are reversible by modifying the dosage or omitting the offending medicine. All medicines (pharmaceuticals and vaccines) haveside effects.In a vast country like India with a population of over 1.2 Billion with vast ethnic variability, different disease prevalence patterns, practice of different systems of medicines, different socioeconomic status, it is important to have a standardized and robust pharmacovigilance and drug safety monitoring programme for the nation. Collecting this information in a systematic manner and analyzing the data to reach a meaningful conclusion on the continued use of these medicines is the rationale to institute this program for India. In this review article various hospitals survey are done and the survey questionnaire was analyzed question wise and their percentage value was calculated. Our study strongly suggests that there is greater need to create awareness and to promote the reporting of ADR among healthcare professionals of the country. Only such approach can greatly influence in bringing reporting culture among healthcare professionals and may improve the reporting rates of ADR in our country. Pharmacists, as doctors opined that their involvement may increase the reporting rate, have a greater role to play in the area of pharmacovigilance.
28 February 2013

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LORNOXICAM TRANSDERMAL PATCHES

About Authors:
Rathod Garuji*, G. Ganesh Kumar
Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Velikatta, Kondapak, Siddipet,
Dist: Medak.A.P.
*rathodpharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Transdermal drug delivery is an alternative route for systemic drug delivery which minimizes the absorption and increases the bioavailability. Orally lornoxicam has a short elimination half-life (3-4 hrs.), low oral bioavailability undergoes extensive first pass metabolism and frequent high doses are required to maintain the therapeutic level as a result, dose development toxic effect. The purpose of this research work was to formulation and evaluation of lornoxicam transdermal patches using various polymers such as HPMC, Eudragit RL 100 and Eudragit RS 100 by solvent evaporation technique for improvement of bioavailability of drug and reducing toxic effects. The prepared formulations were evaluated for different physicochemical characteristics like thickness, folding endurance, drug content, percentage moisture absorption, percentage moisture loss and weight uniformity. Drug-excipient interaction studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique.The diffusion studies were performed by using modified Franz diffusion cells. The result of diffusion study shows that formulation, F2 showed maximum release of 94.19 % in 24 h, whereas F5 showed minimum release of 51.59 % in 24 h. Based on the drug release and physicochemical values obtained the formulation F2 is considered as an optimized formulation which shows higher percentage of drug release of 94.19 % in 24 h. The developed transdermal patches increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxic effect of lornoxicam.
27 February 2013

NOOTROPICS- THE MEMORY INHANCEMENT DRUGS- A REVIEW

About Author:
Rahul Singh
M.PHARMA (Pharmaceutics)
Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute Of Pharmacy
Kumhari, Distt-Durg , Chhatisgarh, India
rahulbaba92@yahoo.in
27 February 2013

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL ACETATE, METHANOL AND CHLOROFORM EXTRACTED BARKS OF XYLOCARPUS MEKONGENESIS (LAMK.)

About Authors:
Zubair Khalid labu^1*, Mir Md. Abdullah Al –Mamun¹, Abdul Kader Mohiuddin¹, Razia Sultana Sumi¹, Md. Abdul Bake²
¹Department of Pharmacy, World university of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
²Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh.
*zubairlabu@yahoo.com

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform extract of barks of Xylocarpus mekongenesis (Lamk.). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and nitric oxide scavenging were used for determining antioxidant activities. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC₅₀ value for methanol extract of Xylocarpus mekongenesis was found fairly significant 8.76±0.05 μg/ml when compared to the IC₅₀ values of the reference standards were ascorbic acid 3.41±0.07μg/ml and Butylated Hydroxyanisole 6.29±0.06μg/ml. The IC₅₀ values of the methanol extract and ascorbic acid were 55.88 ± 0.09 and 36.81 ±0.06 μg/ml, respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening of the bark extract indicated the presence of carbohydrate (reducing sugars), glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids.Therefore, the obtained results suggest the antioxidant activities of the barks of Xylocarpus mekongenesis and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for inflammations.
26 February 2013

ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF SEED EXTRACTS OF Gynocardia Odorata roxb. IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
About Authors:
Urmila moyal*, Ram garg
NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University,
Shobha Nagar, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
*urmilamoyal@gmail.com

Abstract:
The study was designed to evaluate antidiabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous seed extracts of Gynocardia Odorata in

Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats.

TAB vaccine-induced pyrexia in rabbits.

The seeds were collected, authenticated and shade dried. Shade dried seeds were then grinded into coarse powder and processed for further studies. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and the phytochemical screening was performed. Ethanolic and aqueous both extracts were evaluated for the antipyretic activity by Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats and TAB vaccine-induced pyrexia in rabbits. Both the extracts showed the significant antipyretic activity but the maximum antipyretic activity by aqueous extract of Gynocardia odorata roxb.seeds. From study we concluded that both ethanolic and aqueous, seed extracts of Gynocardia odorata have antipyretic activity, but the aqueous extract of Gynocardia odorata showed more significance then ethanolic extract.
26 February 2013

ORAL MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

About Authors:
Saumya Samanta¹, Ranabir Chanda², Jyotishman Bhattacharya³
Benagal School of Technology,
Chuchura, West Bengal, India
*samantasaumya7@gmail.com