Articles

  • PharmaTutor
    3 July 2016

    EVALUATION OF DOOR TO NEEDLE TIME AND PREDISPOSING FACTOR TO IT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHIDAMBARAM

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    ALEEM SARWAR*1, ADHIN ANTONY XAVIER1, K RAGACHANDANA1, C K DHANAPAL1, S SUDARSHAN2
    Department of Pharmacy1, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
    Department of Medicine2, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
    aleempharma30@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    OBJECTIVE
    The aim of our study is to evaluate the door to needle time for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and to identify factors associated with a prolonged door to needle time. STEMI most commonly occurs when thrombus formation results in complete occlusion of major epicardial coronary vessels. Percutaneous coronary intervention and Thrombolytics are the two choice of treatment available for STEMI. Where door to needle time have a significant role in determining the efficacy of thrombolytics.

    METHODOLOGY
    This is a prospective observational study conducted at RMMCH hospital, during the period of Nov 2014 to March 2015, all patient admitted with STEMI, who were thrombolysed were included in the study. Door to needle time is measured and reason for prolongation is identified. Patients who were diagnosed as NSTEMI or unstable angina and who were diagnosed as STEMI and not thrombolysed were excluded from the study.

    RESULT
    100 patients were included in the study. Which comprises of 72 males and 28 females .door to needle time of < 30 minute was achieved in 27% of study population as per ACC/AHA guidelines were 73% failed to achieve. Highest number of population was observed in the age group of 61-70 which consist of 21 males and 6 females. Mean door to needle time was found to be 44 minutes. Majority of the patients were thrombolysed in between 31 – 45 minutes

    CONCLUSION
    less than a third of patients with STEMI received thrombolytics within the prescribed time interval of 30 minutes. Delay in decision making and lack of senior medical officers was found to be predisposing factor for the prolongation of door to needle time ,which requires special attention.

  • 1 July 2016
    EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Deepak Ku. Birla*
    Shri Bherulal Pharmacy Institute
    Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
    deepakbirla7@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Momordica Charantia is the widely consumed fruit in India. The seeds, fruit, leaves, and root of the plant have been used in traditional medicine for microbial infections, sluggish digestion and intestinal gas, menstrual stimulation, wound healing, inflammation, fever reduction, hypertension and have many significant other medicinal effects. Various phytochemicals present in leaves are extracted using soxhelt apparatus with different solvents. The aim of the study is to assess the antibacterial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts on some bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity was checked against different human pathogens. The antibacterial activity was determined in the extracts using Disc diffusion method. The present study discusses antibacterial activity of Momordica Charantia extracts. Antibacterial activity was tested against (Pseudomonas aureogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Shigella flexineri, Bacillus substilis & E.Coli.). The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth was shown against the tested organisms.

  • 29 June 2016
    QUALITY BY DESIGN (QbD) IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: TOOLS, PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Arijit Gandhi*1, Chandrani Roy2
    1 Production cum Quality Manager, Kras Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Fatwah, India.
    2 Department of pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, West Bengal
    arijit.babugandhi.gandhi@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Recently the concept of “Quality by Design” (QbD) gaining much attention among pharmaceutical industries for maintaining Quality. It serves as a bridge between industry and drug regulatory authorities to move towards a scientific, risk based, holistic and proactive approach for development of pharmaceutical product. It mainly covers designing and developing formulations and manufacturing processes to ensure predefined product quality. Some of the QbD elements include defining target product quality profile, designing product and manufacturing processes, identifying critical quality attributes, process parameters, and sources of variability & controlling manufacturing processes to produce consistent quality over time The purpose of this article is to discuss the concept of pharmaceutical Quality by Design and describe how it can be help to ensure pharmaceutical quality & drug development.

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  • 28 June 2016
    EFFECTIVE PRECEPTING TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF PHARMACY STUDENTS

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Srinivasa Babu Puttagunta, Sowjanya Pulipati, Sai Koushik Oruganti
    Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
    kaushikoruganti555@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Introduction: Clinical pharmacists work directly with doctors, health professionals and patients to ensure that the medications prescribed for patients contribute to the best possible health outcomes. Therefore, pharmacy students should be given opportunities to learn and practice interpersonal communication skills.

    Objectives: This observes opinions the position of the pharmacist preceptor in facilitating improvement of conversation capabilities for students participating in community in community advanced pharmacy practice experiences.

    Material and methods: Preceptors need to set a stage to comprise precepting into the workflow and to offer green and effective teaching opportunities. College students ought to go through practical activities like affected person counseling  and participating in collaborative work with health care professionals. Preceptors should incorporate the teaching in a lively and demonstrative way for a better impact on their students.
    Results and discussion: By following a strategic approach in the methods of teaching the preceptors can effectively and likely enhance the communication skills of the students.

    Conclusion: The incorporation of communication skills to pharmacy practice can positively impact the pharmacy site, preceptor, student and more importantly patient.

  • 23 June 2016
    ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII LEAF EXTRACTS

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    JA Sathwara1*, AM Bhandari2
    1Department of Pharmacology,
    A.R.College of Pharmacy & G.H.Patel Institute of Pharmacy, V.V. Nagar, Anand, Gujarat.
    2Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
    A.R.College of Pharmacy & G.H.Patel Institute of Pharmacy, V.V. Nagar, Anand, Gujarat.
    *jignasa.sathwara@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    The aim of the present study was to investigate antiepileptic effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii L. Spreng (AEMK) on electrically and chemically induced seizures. The aqueous extract of the leaves of M. koenigii (200 and 300 mg/kg) were studied for its antiepileptic effect on maximal electroshock induced seizures and pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in mice. AEMK (200 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) as well as protected animals from pentylenetetrazole induced tonic seizures. The results suggest that the aqeous extract of the leaves of M. koenigii may produce its antiepileptic effects via non-specific mechanisms since it reduced the duration of seizures produced by maximal electroshock as well as delayed the latency of seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole.

  • 21 June 2016
    SPECIFICATIONS FOR STARTING MATERIALS, INTERMEDIATES AND FINISHED PRODUCTS

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Nirav R.Soni, M.Pharm
    A-one Pharmacy college,Enasan
    Dept.of Qualtiy Assurance (QA)
    nirav_sonic@yahoo.com

    ABSTRACT
    The specifications are to assure that each unit has the value of drug claimed on the label, that all the drug in each unit is out there for whole use ,that the drug steady  within the formula in its certain final container for their expected shelf life and it’s having no toxic overseas substance. It’s greatly utilized in pharmaceutical enterprise and utilized by using wellness sector and support best which is finished via GMP, GLP and GCP and other organization including Pharmaceutical Quality System (PQS) , Quality Risk Management (QRM)  and Quality by Design (QbD).

  • 7 June 2016
    A Review on chemistry and Pharmacological activity of Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate combine dosage form

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Suleman S. khoja, Parthkumar H. Chauhan, Maulik N. Patel, Harsha D. Jani
    Department of Quality Assurance,
    Shivam Pharmaceutical Studies and Research Centre, Anand, Gujarat.
    premukhoja@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate combination are active contain and approved by CDSCO The two substances belong to different groups of medicines. Cinnarizine  is a part of a group called calcium antagonists.  Dimenhydrinate belongs to a group called antihistamines Also used in Treatment of vertigo symptoms of various origins. exhibits  anti-emetic and antivertiginous  effects through  influencing the chemoreceptor trigger zone in  the  region of the  4th  ventricle.  Dimenhydrinate thus  acts  predominantly on the central vestibular system.  Due to  its calcium  antagonistic properties, cinnarizine acts  mainly  as a vestibular sedative  through inhibition  of  the calcium  influx  into  the vestibular  sensory cells. Cinnarizine thus acts predominantly on the peripheral vestibular system. Both  cinnarizine and  dimenhydrinate  are  known  to  be effective in  the treatment  of  vertigo.  The combination product is more effective than the individual compounds in the population studied.  The product has not been evaluated in motion sickness. Maximum plasma  concentrations  (Cmax)  of  cinnarizine  and diphenhydramine are reached in  humans  within  2  - 4 hours. metabolised  in  the liver. Cinnarizine is  mainly eliminated  via the  faeces (40-60%) and to a lower extent also in  urine, mainly in the form  of  metabolites conjugated  with  glucuronic acid.  The major route  of  elimination  of diphenhydramine is in  the urine

  • 29 May 2016
    A COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF DIURETIC DRUGS

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Bharat Lal Naik, Chaitanya Prasad Meher
    Department of Pharmacology
    The Pharmaceutical College (TPC), Tingipali, Barpali, Odisha
    chaitanyameher84@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Diuretic are the drugs that promote the output of urine excreted by kidney. The increased excretion of water & electrolytes by the kidney is dependent on 3 different process viz. glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption & tubular secretion. Diuretic are very effective in the treatment of cardiac oedema, specifically the one related  with congestive heart failure(C.H.F). They are extensively used in various type of disorders for ex. Cirrhosis of liver, Hypertension,Nephritic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, nutritional oedema, oedema of pregnancy & also to lower intraocular & cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The presented article is based on comprehensive idea about the pharmacology of various diuretic drugs.

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  • 23 May 2016
    A comparative evaluation of the quality & price of generic medicine with their branded counterparts

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Bhupender Singh, Arun Nanda, Vikaas Budhwar, Rakesh K. Marwaha
    Department of Pharmacy,
    M. D. University, Rohatak
    Haryana, India
    * pharma.bsingh@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Generic drugs are as effective as their branded counterparts in terms of safety and efficacy. Although their exists several myths about quality of generic medicines because of its less price as compared to branded counterparts. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the quality of generic medicine with their branded counterparts as per Indian Pharmacopoeial standards and other validated methods on a commonly used type 2 diabetes drug (Metformin). The qualitative as well as quantitative studies were performed as per IP 2010. The official test performed includes uniformity of weight, disintegration, dissolution, assay and friability. Non official test includes hardness test and assay by HPLC using validated methods. The study revealed that branded as well as generic metformin tablets comply with the standards provided in IP 2010 and generic metformin was found to be 111.52% lesser in cost per tablet as compared to costliest branded version of metformin.

  • 19 May 2016
    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF CURCUMA LONGA LEAVES AND RHIZOMES

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    ABOUT AUTHORS
    Seema*, Parminderjit Kaur
    Department of Pharmacy,
    Rayat Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India
    *seemakumar2125@gmail.com

    ABSTRACT
    Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a perennial herb, belonging to family Zingiberaceae. The rhizomes and leaves of turmeric were extracted separately with ethanol by Soxhlet extraction and the percentage yield of rhizomes and leaves of Turmeric was 12% and 17% yield respectively. The extract of turmeric rhizomes and leaves can increase the bile flow, offer protection of the gall bladder and also the leaf extract possess anticancer properties. The present study was focused on the isolation of curcuminoids by thin layer chromatography using chloroform: ethanol: glacial acetic acid in a ratio of 95: 5: 1. From TLC the better resolution of Rf value was observed in rhizomes at 0.8, 0.66, 0.51 as Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin respectively whereas Rf value of leaves was 0.42 as Bisdemethoxycurcumin, when visualized under 366nm under bright yellow fluorescent. The phytochemical screening of leaf extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenols. The ash value of turmeric rhizomes and leaves was 3.33% and 6.67%, acid insoluble value was 1.3% and 2% and water insoluble value was 13.3% 1nd 16.67% respectively. The moisture content of rhizomes and leaves of turmeric in IR- Moisture balance was found to be 0.93 and 0.30 whereas in Tray Drier the moisture balance was 0.46 and 0.27 respectively while the melting point was observed as 160-1630C and 116-1200C respectively which resembles the report of literature (IP, 2007).

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