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  • PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. FOR ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY

    About Authors:Kamal Sachdeva*2, Preeti Garg1, Manmohan Singhal2, Birendra Srivastava2
    1. School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan vihar University, Jaipur
    2. School of Pharmaceutical sciences,
    Jaipur National University,
    Jaipur, India

    Abstract: The extracts of the stem bark of Jatropha curcas (Family-Euphorbiaceae) were tested for anti-diabetic activity, using blood glucose level in normal fasted rats, glucose tolerance test. Methanol: acetone: water (70:20:10) crude extract of Jatropha curcas at the dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg had shown significant protection and lowered the blood glucose levels to normal in glucose tolerance test. The extract showed a significant anti- diabetic activity comparable with that of glibenclamide. These results indicate that the Jatropha curcas stem bark possess significant anti – diabetic activity.

  • A retrospective study of Nosocomial infections in patients admitted in M.I.C.U

    About Authors: Pratham Rathore *[1], Dhaval Patel [1], Vipin Rastogi [2]
    1.  School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
    Jaipur National University, Jaipur -302025, (Rajasthan.), India
    2.  Nariender Mohan hospital and heart center,
    Ghaziabad, (Uttar Pradesh), India

    ABSTRACT: Inpresent study,the current status of nosocomial infection, rate of infection and distribution of infectionwas analysed in patients admitted in MICU of a multispecialty hospital.Clinical data were collected from patients that presented with symptoms of nosocomial infection in MICU. We examined of 128 patients who were admitted in Nariender mohan hospital, Ghaziabad from August 2010 to May 2011. The research approach adopted in the study was a retrospective method. Incidence of nosocomial infections in M.I.C.U patients was 10.93% (14/128 patients). Urinary tract infection (42.85%) was the most frequent; followed by Lower respiratory infection (14.28%), surgical site infection (14.28%), Gastroenteritis (14.28%), Blood stream infection and Meningitis (7.14%). The nosocomial infection was seen more in the 40 to 60 year of age. The male was more prone to nosocomial infections than the female. Nosocomial infections are common in geriatric patients in the MICU setting. More studies are needed to be carried out in Indian population to plan long term strategies for prevention and management of nosocomial infections.

  • Review on Risk management techniques involved in curbing Arsenic Menace

    About Authors:
    Priya Pathak, Dr.H.H.Siddiqui*, Mr T.Mehmood
    Faculty of pharmacy
    Integral University,Lucknow

    ABSTRACT
    The article is a review on all the methods which have been evolved in recent times for curbing the menace caused by arsenic to our environment and humans. Arsenic poisoning is the most spread problem these days in India,as the main reasons of arsenic poisoning include the wastes being dumped by industries which in turn helps in increasing the amount of arsenic in groundwater. Mostly used method for removal of arsenic is oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and its subsequent removal through adsorption and/or precipitation.Generally alumina is used for adsorption purpose.Many methods have also been evolved for managing the increase of arsenic amount through wastes like Cement Solidification, Dolocrete Encapsulation Technology etc.which have been discussed later in the article. Many low cost technologies are also present like Arsenic removal plant fitted directly with hand pump, Co-precipitation-Sedimentation-Filtration under continuous flow system and use of Domestic filters.These techniques are used in case when large amount of water has to be treated as rest other technologies will become quite costly in this case.Although they cannot help in removing arsenic at large level but can be used in our daily life so that we could control arsenic pollution to some extent.

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  • VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM AND OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

    About Author:
    D. J. Kalena*, C. N. Patel
    Department of Quality Assurance,
    Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College,

    Near arvind baug, Mehsana - 384 001, Gujarat, India

    ABSTRACT
    Combination therapy of Atorvastatin calcium (AT) and Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is used for the treatment of coexisting essential hypertension and hyperlipidemia in adult persons. In the present study a simple, precise, rapid, efficient and reproducible reversed?phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP?HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of AT and OLM present in its tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separations were carried out isocratically at 30°C ± 0.5°C on a Kromasil C18 Column (5 μm, 250mm x 4.60mm) with a mobile phase composed of Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water (pH 3.65) in the ratio of 50:27:23 % v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection is carried out using a UV detector at 260 nm. The retention times for AT and OLM were 5.3 ± 0.5 min and 3.4 ± 0.5 min respectively. The linearity range for AT and OLM were found to be 10?60 μg/ml and 20?120μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.996 and 0.999 respectively. The %recovery of the proposed method was found in the range of 98.36-100.91 for AT and 99.27-100.99 for OLM. The relative standard deviations for three replicate measurements in three concentrations of standard solution were always less than 2%. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP?HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which may be useful for the routine estimation of AT and OM in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form.

  • METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF TORSEMIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

    About Authors:
    Kapil Sharma1*, Subhash Gupta 2, Yogesh Sharma1
    1 Yaresun Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.Jaipur - 302006, Rajasthan, India.
    2 Oasis test house ltd.jaipur-302006,
    Rajasthan, India.

    METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF TORSEMIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC AND UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND COMPARISON OF TWO DEVELOPED METHODS BY USING t-TEST

    ABSTRACT
    One HPLC and one UV spectrophotometric method have been developed for the determination of torsemide (TRS) in tablet dosage form. The first method is based on determinetion of TRS in tablet dosage form by RP- HPLC method.  Chromatgraphy was carried out on a nucleosil C-18,250 x 4.6 mm column using a mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol  (50:50 v/v)  as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min.  Run time was 15 min.  Detection was done at 288 nm and retention time of the drug was 7.05 min.  This method produced linear responses in the concentration range 60-140  µg/ml of torsemide. The accuracy of the method was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 99.90± 0.41 for torsemide.  The second method is based on the estimation of torsemide in tablet dosage form by UV spectrophotometry using 50% v/v methanol in distilled water.  Beer’s law obeyed over the concentration range 2-26 µg/ml at 288 nm with apparent molar absorptivity of 1.26 x 104.  Both developed methods were found to be applicable for routine analysis of drug in tablet dosage form. The result of the analysis were validated statistically.The results were compared obtained from UV spectrophotometry and HPLC.

  • Microsphere: An Overview

    About Author:
    Rajesh Mujoriya
    Sardar patel college of technology,
    Balaghat, dis. Balaghat,
    MP–481001,INDIA

    Abstract
    Microspheres offer an excellent solution to creating precise pore sizes in ceramics at reasonable prices.  Polyethylene microspheres offer the added benefit of minimal residue after firing, and the availability in wide size ranges from a few micron up to 1000um (1mm).    Highly spherical microspheres have the added benefit of creating strong pores without any stress risers. Biodegradable microspheres are used to control drug release rates thereby decreasing toxic side effects, and eliminating the inconvenience of repeated injections. Microparticulate carrier system can be administered through different routes such as i.v,ocular,i.m,oral,intra arterial.etc.Each routes has it’s own biological significance, limitation & pharmaceutical feasibility.

  • Review on: THE PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING

    About Authors:
    Manoj,
    Shekhawati College of Pharmacy,
    Dundlod

    1) Introduction:
    Packaging can be defined as an economical means of providing presentation, protection, identification information, containment, convenience and compliance for a product during storage, carriage, display and until the product is consumed. Packaging must provide protection against climatic conditions biological, physical and chemical hazards and must be economical. The package must ensure adequate stability of the product throughout the shelf life.1

  • ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE: AN OVERVIEW TO HEART DISEASE

    About Author:
    Rajesh Mujoriya
    Sardar patel college of technology,
    Balaghat, dis. Balaghat,
    MP–481001,INDIA

    Abstract
    Ischaemic Heart Disease is a condition that affects the supply of blood to the heart. The blood vessels are blocked due to the deposition of cholesterol plaques on their walls. This reduces the supply of oxygen  and  nutrients  to the  heart musculature, which is essential for proper functioning of the heart. This may eventually result in a portion of the heart being suddenly deprived of its blood supply leading to the death of that area of heart tissue, resulting in heart attack.  
     In 1963 the Ministry of Railways carried out a survey with a view to ascertaining the number of deaths due to ischimic heart disease among railway populations in different parts of the country. The method employed was to obtain data from all the railway zones on a proforma based on W.H.O. classification 420, for arteriosclerotic, including coronary heart disease.
    The epidemiology studies have provided several key points of information related to the risk of developing IHD. First, several specific risk factors for IHD have been identified. Second, evidence that these factors are closely related to environmental and life-style changes implies that risk factors are potentially alterable. Third, these studies have stimulated further consideration and investigation of the basic mechanism of atherosclerosis. Angiographic studies have indicated a direct relationship between the risk factors and the severity of coronary disease.

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  • Pharmacognostical & Phytochemical Evaluation of Stem Bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn. : A Hypoglycaemic Plant

    About Authors:
    Namdeo K.P. Dr.1, Bodhake S. H.1,  Dwedi J. Dr.2, S. Shamim Dr.3 , Saifi Alimuddin3*
    1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, CG.
    2Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Rajasthan.
    3Translam Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Meerut.

    Abstract
    Ficus bengalensisis an indigenous plant belonging to family Moraceae possessing varied medicinal properties like antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiseptic and also tender ends of hanging roots are prescribed to stop vomiting. Standardization is a method of assuring a minimum level of active ingredients in the extract and is becoming increasingly important as a means of ensuring a consistent supply of high quality phytopharmaceutical products. The World health Organization (WHO) emphasized the need to ensure quality control of medicinal plants products by using modern techniques and applying suitable standards. The following protocols for standardization of raw materials have been developedas authentication, foreign matter, macroscopic and microscopic examination, ash valueand extractive value, loss on drying, moisture content, Total flavonoid, total phenolic and total tannin contents determination of heavy metals, microbial contaminationand chromatographic profile(TLC &HPTLC).

  • A recent review on enhancement of solubilization and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by physical and chemical modifications

    About Authors:
    Tarun Garg, Ajay Bilandi,
    Seth G.L.Bihani S.D.college of technical education,
    Sri Ganganagar

    ABSTRACT
    The aim of this review is to improve the solubilization and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by using various approaches like physical, chemical and others modifications or techniques. The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a specified temperature. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Drug efficacy can be severely limited by poor aqueous solubility and some drugs also show side effects due to their poor solubility. There are many techniques which are used to enhance the aqueous solubility. The ability to increase aqueous solubility can thus be a valuable aid to increasing efficiency and/or reducing side effects for certain drugs. This is true for parenterally, topically and orally administered solutions. Physical modifications techniques like media milling/ nanocrystal technology, cryogenic technology, supercritical fluid process, modification of the crystal habit,complexation, micellar technologies, chemical modifications, other techniques like co-crystallization, cosolvency, hydrotrophy are used for increase the solubility of very soluble drugs like dolargin, loperamide, tubocurarine, doxorubicin, ibuprofen, griseofulvin, diazepam, naproxen, carbamazepine, nifedipine, phytosterol etc.

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