Articles

About Authors:
DHAVAL PATEL ^*[1], Dr. PANKAJ SHAH ^[2]
1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur -302025, (Rajasthan.), India
² institute of kidney disease and research center,
Civil hospital, Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India

Abstract:
Inpresent study, comorbidities and laboratory abnormalities of telbivudine was analysed in hepatitis b patients. Clinical data were collected from hepatitis b patients that presented with laboratory abnormalities to telbivudine. We examined 100 patients of hepatitis b  who treated with telbivudine in i.k.d.r.c, civil hospital, Ahmedabad from January 2009 to February 2011, out of these twenty patients had used other nucleoside analogue in past. The main laboratory abnormalities were elevation of creatine kinase, elevation of ALT and elevation of AST. Hypertension was the major comorbidities with the hepatitis b.The laboratory abnormalities were related to telbivudine, but the biological mechanism of the reaction is not clear.

About Author: Rinki Verma (Research fellow)
Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery,
Institute of Medical science
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi - 221005

Abstract:
In 1965 ,  firstly fragility was reported in cells of  a femeal previously irradiated and described  as non-random human chromosome called “ Fragile sites”  are heritable specific chromosome loci that exhibit an increased frequency of gaps, poor staining, constrictions or breaks when chromosomes are exposed to partial DNA replication inhibition. They constitute areas of chromatin that fail to compact during mitosis. They are classified as rare or common depending on their frequency within the population and are further subdivided on the basis of their specific induction chemistry into different groups differentiated as folate sensitive or non-folate sensitive rare fragile sites, and as aphidicolin, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or 5-azacytidine inducible common fragile sites. Most of the known inducers of fragility share in common their potentiality to inhibit the elongation of DNA replication, particularly at fragile site loci. There are seven non-similar folate sensitive (FRA10A, FRA11B, FRA12A, FRA16A, FRAXA, FRAXE and FRAXF) and two non-folate sensitive (FRA10B and FRA16B) and  have been molecularly characterized. Due to dynamic mutation formed DNA repeat sequences and  involving the normally occurring polymorphic CCG/CGG trinucleotide repeats at the folate sensitive and AT-rich minisatellite repeats at the non-folate sensitive fragile sites. These rare fragile site FRAXA is the most important fragile site as it is associated with the fragile X syndrome significant to the clinical side and also explained the predisposition of tumors.

About Authors:
S.Pradeep kumar, D.Prathibha, Dr.N.L.Gowrishankar, R.Parthibarajan, L.Matsyagiri
Department of Pharmaceutics, 
Swami Vivekananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vangapally (V), Yadagirigutta (M), Nalgonda,
Andhra Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT
The goal of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablets (FDT) of Rosiglitazone maleate. To improve patient compliance, mouth dissolving tablets have emerged as an alternative to conventional dosage forms. Rosiglitazone and Sulfonylurea are given in combination for treatment of type 2Diabetes Mellitus for long term therapy. During this therapy, it is observed that there is uncontrolled increase of blood glucose level, andthe drug undergoes hepatic metabolism. Therefore, mouth dissolving tablets of Rosiglitazone were prepared to overcome this unusual problem and to make use of the inherent advantages of the novel drug delivery system.The tablets were prepared by using direct compression method using Superdisintegrants. Rosiglitazone mouth dissolving tablets containing Cross povidone & Cross carmellose sodium in the ratio 1:1 showed maximum drug release. Formulations were subjected to stability studies. Formulations are stable for 28 days at 40 oC / 75 % RH with insignificant change in the hardness, disintegration time and in vitro drug release pattern.

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About Author: Rinki Verma (Research fellow)
Institute of Medical science (CEMS)
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi - 221005

Abstract:
Gallbladder cancer is a comparatively rare cancer and has poor outcome due to their anatomy and location. It has peculiar geographical distribution being common in central and South America, central and eastern Europe, Japan and northern India; it is also common in certain ethnic groups e.g. Native American Indians and Hispanics (Kapoor VK, McMichael AJ ,2003. It is fifteen uncommon cancers in the world with high mortality rate. The diagnosis is made very late due to its silent course. The majority of patients have advanced disease at the time of presentation which carries a poor prognosis. The modes of spread of gall bladder carcinoma are direct, lymphatic, vascular, neural, intraperitoneal and intraductal. Ultra Sound, CT and MRI are helpful in diagnosis and staging of the disease. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment and chemotherapy has a very limited role.

About Author:
Amol.A.Dambal,
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Govt. College of pharmacy, Kathora naka,
Amravati-444604. (M.S.), INDIA.

ABSTRACT:
The herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. The plant Terminalia arjuna has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. The plants contain Arjunilic acid, Triterpine glycosides like Arjunetosides I, II, III, IV, Arjunine and Arjunetein. The bark is rich in Saponnins, natural anti-oxidants (flavonoids-arjunone,arjunolone,leteilin), gallic acid, ellagic acid , phytosterols, rich in minerals like ca,  mg, zn and co, reducing sugars & coloring matter. It has been reported as Cardio tonic, Hepato-protective, Immunomodulatory, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial and Antiulcer properties.The current study is therefore carried out to provide requisite phytochemical and Pharmacological detail about the plant. The plant is cultivated in different parts of India on a small scale at present However; systematic information on different aspects of this species is not available. In this review, an attempt has been made to present this information.

About Authors:
Ms. Shilpa G. Lodha¹,  Vanita Nimje², Ramzan Virani^3
1 Department of Biotechnology,
Agnihotri College of Science, Ram Nagar,
Wardha 442001, India.
² Department of Biotechnology,
Jankievi Bajaj college, Arvi Naka,
Wardha 442001, India.
³ Department of Biology,
Shivramji Moghe College of Science,
Panharkawada- 445 302, India.

Abstract
Many types of Cancer and Malingancy are known, in that Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia is rare cancer of an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder characterized primarily by bone marrow infiltration and IgM monoclonal gammopathy. It should be considered a distinct clinicopathological entity rather than a clinical syndrome secondary to IgM secretion. The concentration of monoclonal IgM can vary widely in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and it is not possible to define a concentration that reliably distinguishes it from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).  Besides having lots of diagnosis method, there is no single accepted treatment for Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia.  Commonly used treatment includes the monoclonal antibody rituximab, sometimes in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs such as chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, or vincristine or with thalidomide. We have to find out the successful and low cost methods to cure Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia.

About Authors:
AK Hafeez, MA Akheel, A Ashfaque, NK Meera
Dept of Pharmacy Practice,
VIPS,
Bangalore, India

Abstract
Aim: To study the prescribing pattern for the treatment of Dengue in tertiary care hospital in Bangalore.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried on prescribing pattern of drugs for the treatment of dengue in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Bangalore. This study included hundred patients both male and female in the age group of 1 – 70 years, the prescriptions were analysed for the drug therapy given.
Results:The results show that the most commonly prescribed class of drugs were antipyretic (99%), anti-ulcer (95%), antibiotics (69%) and anti emetic (40%). In addition, supplementary treatment was also observed. 100% of suffered population was treated with IV fluids. Since a specific treatment is not available for Dengue, the patients were treated symptomatically.
Conclusion:This survey highlights the demands for a more specific treatment, lest it leads to another epidemic break in the country.

About Authors:
Ipshita Chattopadhyaya, Ekta Malhotra
Department of Pharmacy,
Jaipur National University,
Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT
⁽¹⁾The developments in column packing technology and suitable equipment paved the way for what is now called High Performance or High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The new technique provided much higher resolution, more accurate quantitative results, as well as shorter analysis times in comparison to the earlier techniques .During the sixties, new theoretical insights accompanied by important. Since its introduction, HPLC has evolved into an indispensable tool in many analytical laboratories and is applied to diverse analytical problems. Actually, HPLC refers to a number of separation techniques that use a liquid mobile phase, or eluent. Troubleshooting HPLC instrumentation and separations require a fundamental understanding of how the instrument functions and how the separation works. ⁽²⁾This article provides a practical guide to common HPLC problems, along with more in-depth information to help the reader understand the relationships between the observed symptoms and the underlying causes. The practical approach presented here is meant to serve as both a troubleshooting guide and an HPLC learning tool.

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About Authors:
Kataria Sahil, Aggarwal Ashutosh, Middha Akanksha, Sandhu Premjeet
Seth G. L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan,
INDIA

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood.
There are three major types of diabetes:
•    Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.

•    Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise.