Pharmaceutics Articles

About Author: Saurabh Jain.*1, M.D.Kharya and Jain Aakansha2
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
2 Department of Microbiology
Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar (M.P.), India.470003

Abstract
Due to increasing resistance to existing synthetic antimicrobial agents, herbal drugs are being looked as importance source for treating various ailments related to skin infections and also for the discovery of new antimicrobial molecules for their synthesis. Cassia tora is a well known plant possessing wide range of pharmacological activities. It has been used in India as folk remedy in the form of decoctions and infusions to treat bacterial and fungal infections and also claimed to be effective against variety of skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, wounds etc. Although this plant, particularly its seeds have been reported to have antimicrobial activities, but no targeted and specific study has been reported. The present investigation was carried out to study this unexplored area of this drug. As the seeds of C. tora possess good antimicrobial activity, it was thought worked to scientifically explore its potential on microorganisms effecting human beings especially on skin, so that safe and effective herbal treatment can be developed for the same.

About Author: Shishir Tripathi
M.Pharm-Pharmaceutics
Department of Pharmacy,
Barkatullha University,
Bhopal-462026, M.P., India

Abstract
According to the Migraine Research Foundation, migraine ranks in the top 20 of the world’s most disabling medical illnesses with more than 10 percent of the population, including children, suffering from the migraine. Sumatriptan Succinate is a choice of drug used for the treatment of migraine when received at oral dose its bioavailability is approximately 14%. Considering the low bioavailability after oral and intranasal administration, due to presystemic metabolism and incomplete absorption as well as additional inconveniences associated with parenteral and oral administration, the exploitation of an alternative route of sumatriptan delivery, such as transdermal administration (topical gel)—could be sort out mentioned problem and enhance its therapeutic benefit up to most possible extent. Topical delivery systems of Sumatriptan succinate gel were formulated using polymers like HPMC, Carbopol 934 and Pectin and penetration enhancers like eucalyptus oil, menthol and oleic acid. The gels were evaluated for various parameters such as homogeneity, grittiness, extrudability, in vitro drug release, viscosity, pH, spreadability and drug content. The release rate of the gel was found to obey koresmeyer peppas kinetics. It can be concluded that HPMC gel has properties similar to marketed preparation and eucalyptus oil acts as a good penetration enhancer in Sumatriptan gels as compare to menthol and oleic acid.

About Authors:
DIPAK KUMAR DASH
M.PHARM, PHARMACEUTICS
HIMALAYAN PHARMACY INSTITUTE, SIKKIM

SUSPENSION
Pharmaceutical suspension may be defined as coarse dispersions in which insoluble solids are suspended in a liquid medium. Insoluble solids may have a size range from 10 to 1000 µm.

STABILITY OF SUSPENSION
It is important to understand that suspensions are kinetically stable, but thermodynamically unstable, system.
Physical stability is defined as the condition in which the particles remain uniformly distributed throughout the dispersion without any signs of sedimentation. It is difficult to achieve this condition. Hence the definition can be restated as –if the particles settle they should be easily resuspendable by moderate amount of shaking.

About Authors: Rinki Verma,
Research fellow,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

Abstract
Cancer is caused by damage of genes which control the growth and division of cells. Detection/diagnose/treatment is possible by confirming the growth of the cells and treated by rectifying the damaging mechanism of the genes or by stopping the blood supply to the cells or by destroying it. Conventional detection method of the cancer is not more efficient than nanotechnogical detection method. Nano Particles (NP) being of a few of nano meters size and the cells being of the size of few microns, NP can enter inside the cells and can access the DNA molecules/Genes and therefore, there is a possibility that the defect in the genes can be detected. The conventional treatment is less sensitive than the nanotechnology methods, certain NP can be designed to absorb preferentially certain wave length of radiation and if they enters in the cancerous cells, they will burn them So, Nanotechnology can be used to create therapeutic agents that target specific cells and deliver toxin to kill them.

About Authors: Dipak Kumar Dash
M.Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
Himalayan Pharmacy Institute
East Sikkim, Majhitar

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1086

Introduction
Hazard is a term associated with a substance that is likelihood to cause an injury in a given environment or situation. Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property.    Safety in simple terms means freedom from the occurrence of risk or injury or loss. Industrial safety refers to the protection of workers from the danger of industrial accidents.

About Authors: Kushwaha Anjali*
Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of pharmacy,
Bundelkhand university, Jhansi (U.P.), India

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1085

Abstract
Solid dispersions is an efficient means of improving the dissolution rate and hence the bioavailability of a range of poorly soluble drugs. This article reviews the various types of solid dispersion, preparation techniques for solid dispersion and compiles some of the recent technologies. Some of the practical aspects to be considered for the preparation of solid dispersions, such as selection of carrier and methods of physicochemical characterization, along with nature of drugs in solid dispersions are also discussed. Finally, limited commercialization of solid dispersions and recent revival has been considered.

About Authors: Deepti Maithani *, Vikas Jain
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1084

Introduction
From the ancient time it has been the endeavor of the physician and the apothecary to provide patients with the best possible forms of medicine, for recovery from disease faster and completely within minimum adverse effects. Paul Ehrlich in1902 initiated the era of targeted delivery,who proposed drug delivery to be as magic bullet. An ideal drug delivery system is that fulfils the objective of spatial placement and temporal delivery resulting maximized therapeutic effect and least toxicity. With the progress in time and growth of science and technology, the dosage forms have evolved from simple mixtures and pills, to highly sophisticated technology intensive systems, which are known as novel drug delivery systems (NDDS). (1) A different approaches have materialized into various forms of NDDS such as microemulsions, multiple emulsions, liposomes, niosomes, micospheres, pharmacosomes, virosomes, dendrimers, etc.. Most often the problems associated with these delivery systems are their stability and predictability in biological systems which reduce their clinical potential, although each one is associated with its own strong points. Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field today. According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (U.S) nanotechnology is broadly defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. (2) . Most often the problems associated with these delivery systems are their stability and predictability in biological systems which reduce their clinical potential, although each one is associated with its own strong points.

About Authors: Debojyoti Adak
M.Pharm in Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Jharpokharia
Mayurbhanj,
Orissa-757086

Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1080

ABSTRACT
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy is not much safer medication for cancer therapy. Now a day a new technology is developing regarding medication that is nanotechnology. As medication it is well known as nanomedication. It is based on the particle size between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers. Nanomedicine application areas include drug delivery, therapy, diagonistic, imaging and antimicrobial techniques.This article aims at giving an overview of the present status of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.