About Authors:
Kambham Venkateswarlu*, Kutagulla Ashna, Nandamuri Manideepika, Shaik Shaheena Parveen, M.G.Vasantharekha
M.Pharm Scholar, Department Of Pharmaceutics,
JNTUA-Oil Technological Research Institute,
Beside Collector Office, Anantapur, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
k.v.reddy9441701016@gmail.com
Abstract:
A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose. The excipients can include diluents, binders or granulating agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tableting; disintegrants to promote tablet break-up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavors to enhance taste; pigments to make the tablets visually attractive. A polymer coating is often is often applied to make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow, to control the release rate of the active ingredients, to make it more resistant to the environment or to enhance the tablet’s appearance.
These FDTs will give the better merits when compared to existing conventional dosage forms. This system has a better compliance in the case of geriatrics and pediatrics.
REFERENCE ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-2074
1. INTRODUCTION
Fast dissolving tablet definition:
A fast-dissolving drug delivery systems a tablet that dissolves or disintegrants in the oral cavity without the need of water or chewing. Most fast-dissolving delivery systems films must include substances to mask the taste of the active ingredients. This masked active ingredient is then swallowed by the patient’s saliva along with the soluble and in soluble excipients. These are also called melt in-mouth tablets, regiments, porous tablets, oro-dispersible, quick dissolving or rapid disintegrating tablets.[1]
The compressed tablet is the most popular dosage form in use today. About two-thirds of prescriptions are dispensed as solid dosage forms, and half of these are compressed tablets. A tablet can be formulated to deliver on accurate dosage to a specific site; it is usually taken orally, but can be administered sublingually, buccally, rectally or intra vaginally. The tablet is just one of the many forms that an oral drug can take such as syrups, elixirs, suspensions, and emulsions. Medicinal tablets were originally made in shape of a disk of whatever color their components determined, but are now made in many shapes and color to help distinguish different medicines. Tablets are often stamped with symbols, letters, and numbers, which enable them to be identified. Sizes of tablets to be swallowed range from millimeters to about a centimeter. Some medicinal tablets and capsules, and are called “caplets”. Medicinal tablets and capsules are often called pills. This is technically incorrect, since tablets are made by compression, whereas pills are ancient solid dose forms prepared by rolling a soft mass into a round shape. Other products are manufactured in the form of tablets which are designed to dissolve or disintegrate.E.g. cleaning and deodorizing products.[2]
2. Properties of an ideal tablet:
The objective of formulation and fabrication of tablet is to deliver the correct amount of drug in proper form at or over proper time.
1. Tablet should be elegant having its own identity and free from defects as cracks, chips, contamination, discoloration etc.
2. It should have chemical and physical integrity over time.
3. It should be capable to prevent any alteration in the chemical and physical properties of medicinal agents.
4. It should be capable of withstanding the rigors of medicinal shocks encountered in its production, packing, shipping and dispensing.
5. An ideal tablet should be able to release the medicaments in body in predictable and reproducible manner.[3]
3. Ideal properties of FDT:
1. Require no water for oral administration, yet dissolve /disperse/disintegrate in mouth in matter of seconds.
2. Have a pleasing mouth feel.
3. Have an acceptable taste masking property.
4. Be harder and less friable leave minimal or no residue in mouth after administration exhibit low sensitivity to environmental conditions.
5. Allow the manufacture of tablet using conventional processing and packaging equipments.[4]
4. Advantages of FDT
1. Administration to the patients who cannot swallow, such as the elderly, stroke victims, bedridden patients, patients affected by renal failure and patients who refuse to swallow such as pediatric, geriatric and psychiatric patients.
2. Rapid drug therapy intervention.
3. Achieve increased bioavailability/rapid absorption through pregastric absorption of drugs from, pharynx and oesophagus as saliva passes down.
4. Convenient for administration and patient compliant for disabled, bedridden patients , who do not always have access to water.
5. Good mouth feel property helps to change the perception of medication as bitter pill particularly in pediatric patients.
6. The risk of chocking or suffocation during oral administration of conventional formulations due to physical obstraction is avoided, thus providing improved safety. New business opportunity like product differentiation, product promotion, patent extension and life cycle management.
7. Can give good taste.
8. It can improve the stability.
9. It will also suitable for controlled as well as fast release.
10. Patient compliance is more.[5]
5. Salient features of fast dissolving drug delivery system
1. Ease of administration to patients who refuse to swallow a tablet, such as paediatricand gastric patients and, psychiatric patients.
2. Convenience of administration and accurate dosing as compared to liquids.
3. No need of water to swallow the dosage form,which is highly convenient feature for patients who are travelling do not have immediate axis to water.
4. Good mouth feels properly of MDDS helps to change the basic view of medication as “bitter pills”, particularly for paediatric patients.
Rapid dissolution of drug and absorption which may produce rapid onset of action. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth pharynx and esophagus the saliva passes down into the stomach, in such cases bioavailability of the drugs is increased sorption which may produce rapid onset of action. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth pharynx and esophagus the saliva passes down into the stomach, in such cases bioavailability of the drugs is increased. Ability to provide advantages of liquid medication in the form of solid preparation. Pregastric adsorption can result in improved bioavailability and as a result of reduced dosage, improved clinical performance through a reduction of unwanted effects.[6]
NOW YOU CAN ALSO PUBLISH YOUR ARTICLE ONLINE.
SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE/PROJECT AT articles@pharmatutor.org
Subscribe to Pharmatutor Alerts by Email
FIND OUT MORE ARTICLES AT OUR DATABASE
6. Conventional technique used for preparation of FDDS:
6.1. Disintegrant addition;
Disintegrant addition technique is one popular technique for formulating fast dissolving tablets because of its easy implementation and cost-effectiveness. The basic principle involved in formulating of super disintegrants in optimum concentration so as to achieve rapid disintegration along with the good mouth feel.
Microcrystalline cellulose and low substitute dihydroxypropyl cellulose were used as disintegrating agents in the range of 8.2-9.1 to preparation along tablet.[7]
7. FDT’s Preparation Techniques:
1. Freeze drying / lyophilization
2. Tablet Moulding
3. Spray drying
4. Sublimation
5. Direct compression
6. Mass extrusion[8]
8. Considerations while formulating the FDTs:
The following things are taking into a consideration while formulating FDTs:
1. Palatability
2. Hygroscopicity
3. Mechanical strength
4. Solubility [aqueous].[9]
9. Evaluation:
FDTs are evaluated for following parameters:
1. Hardness
2. Friability
3. Porosity measurement
4. Ratio of wetting time and water absorption ratio
5. Disintegration test
6. Dissolution test
7. Clinical studies
8. Moisture uptake studies.[10]
10. Conclusion:
FDTs have some more advantages than existing conventional solid dosage forms in the case of geriatrics and pediatrics. Due to these advantages, this dosage form will have a much scope in future.
11. References:
1. Habib W, Khankari R, Hontz J, Fast-dissolving drug delivery systems, critical reviews in therapeutics, Drug Carrier Systems, 17(1), 2000, 61-72.
2. Kuchekar BS, Atul, Badhan C, Mahajan H S, Mouthdissolving tablets: A novel drug delivery system, Pharma Times, 35, 2003, 7-9.
3. Liang AC and Chen LH, Fast-dissolving intraoral drugdelivery systems, Expert Opin.Ther. Patents, 2001,11(6).
4. Bogner RH, Wilkosz MF, Fast-dissolving tablets: newdosage convenience for patients, U.S. Pharm. 27(2002) 34–43.
5. Reddy LH, Ghose B and Rajneesh, Indian J. Pharm.Sci., 64(4),2002, 331- 336.
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol-2, The Controller ofPublication Delhi, 1996, p-735.
7. Lachman L, Liberman H, Kanig J, The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy, special Indian edition., Varghese Publishing House, Mumbai, 1987, 297.
8. Aurora J, Pathak V. Oral disintegrating technologies:Oral disintegrating dosage forms: An overview. DrugDelivTechnol, 5(3): 2005, 50-54.
9. Morita Y, Tsushima Y, Yasui M, Termoz R, Ajioka J,Takayama K. Evaluation of the disintegration time ofrapidly disintegrating tablets via a novel methodutilizing a CCD camera. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 50(9),2002, 1181-1186.
10. Kuccherkar, B.S., Badhan, A.C., Mahajan, H.S., Mouth dissolving tablets: A novel drugdelivery system, Phrma. Times, 2003, 35, 3-10.
NOW YOU CAN ALSO PUBLISH YOUR ARTICLE ONLINE.
SUBMIT YOUR ARTICLE/PROJECT AT articles@pharmatutor.org
Subscribe to Pharmatutor Alerts by Email
FIND OUT MORE ARTICLES AT OUR DATABASE
.png)
