Research Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Fatema Nasrin¹*, Saikat Ranjan Paul², Sonia Zaman², Sabiha Ferdowsy Koly^2
1Senior Lecturer,  Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213
²Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213
nasrin_0209@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
In the present study the antimicrobial & cytotoxic activity of crude methanolic extracts of leaves and stems of VignaMungoLinn. Hepper (Family-Leguminosae)were studied. Antimicrobial activity was tested against eleven important pathogenic bacteria including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and two common fungi. The bacteria are B. megaterium, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, S. typhi, Shigella boydii, S. dysenteriae Vibrio mimicus and V. parahemolyticus. Disc diffusion technique was used for invitro antibacterial and antifungal screening. Here kanamycin disc (30mg /disc) was used as standard for antibacterial study. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity against most of the bacterial strains with an average zone of inhibition of 10-20mm. The tested fungi are Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The extracts showed very good antifungal activity with an average 15 -19 mm zone of inhibition. The methanolic extracts of leaves of V. mungo  showed maximum activity (19 mm, zone of inhibition)  against Bacillus  megaterium (19mm) with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 64mg/ml. The maximum zone of inhibition for the methanolic extracts of  stems was found 20mm  against Shigellaboydii with MIC values of 64mg/ml. Cytotoxicity test was also studied by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay and compare with LC₅₀ values of standard vincristin sulphate as a positive control. The results illustrated significant cytotoxicity against A. salina, with LC₅₀ 0.67μg/ml, 4.52 μg/ml and 3.25 μg/ml for vincristine sulphate as standard, leaves and stems extracts, respectively. Further pharmacological investigations are required to understand the underlying mechanism of these pharmacological activities.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Amarjeet Singh*, Sudeep Bhardwaj, Ashutosh Aggarwal
Department of Pharmacology,
Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research,
Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan 335001, India
*amarjeetsingh024@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Objective: The choice of drug for the treatment of hypertension changes at short intervals. Drug utilization studiesconducted at regular intervals help to guide the physician in prescribing drugs rationally. The present study was done toanalyze the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in a NorthIndian  hospital.

Material & method: A retrospective, crosssectional analysis of prescriptions of antihypertensive cases admitted in Medicine in-patient wards of civil hospital of Sri Ganganagar was conducted. All the prescription files with diagnosis ofessential hypertension were analyzed. Prescriptions for hypertension with other co-morbid conditions were also included. Frequency and proportions of utilization of antihypertensive medications were charted and figured.

Result: During the studyperiod, there were 435 prescriptions for essential hypertension. The most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medications were:  monotherapy (42.06%), (57.94%) of patients were on multiple drugtherapy, the most favored fixed drug combination being diuretics with angiotensin receptor blockers (31.74%).

Conclusion: The present study revealed that Angiotensin receptor blockers arethe drugs of choice as monotherapy and as combination therapy for hypertensives. This pattern of prescription is also supported by the current JNC VIII guidelines for the treatment of hypertension.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Manju Gowda M R*, Gnanasekaran D, Ashik navas T, Antony george
Department of Pharmacology, Bharathi College of Pharmacy,
Bharathinagara, Mandya, Karnataka-571422
manjugowdamr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The present study was under taken to study the Adaptogenic activity of ethanol, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Breynia vitis-idaea (burm.f) c. fisher. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves. Adaptogenic activity of these extracts were studied using in-vivo Swim Endurance test and compared with the standard Fluoxetin. All the extracts showed significant increase in the swimming time. Adaptogenic nature of the extracts may be attributed to the presence of constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and saponins in plant extracts. This study proven that the potential adaptogenic nature of the extract of Breynia vitis-idaea leaves.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Mali Audumbar Digambar*, Jadhav Santosh, Mane Pandurang, Tamboli Ashpak
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade,
Sangola- 413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
maliaudu442@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
A simple, precise, accurate and economical UV visible spectrophotometric method has  been developed for estimation of Diclofenac sodium drug by AUC method. The standard and  sample solutions were prepared by using double distilled water as a solvent. Quantitative determination of the drug was performed at wavelength range 270-282 nm. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 05,10,15,20&25µg/ml for Diclofenac sodium with correlation coefficient value of 0.9981. Precision studies showed that % relative standard  deviation was within range of acceptable limits. The mean percentage recovery was found to be 99.38%.The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guidelines.

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ABOUT AUTHORS
Amarjeet Singh*, Sudeep bhardwaj, Ashutosh aggarwal
Department of Pharmacology,
Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College of Technical Education,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research
amarjeetsingh024@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the risk assessment of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in patient on antihypertensive medication.

Material & Method: In the present study total 30 patient with essential hypertension of both sex with mean age (48.6±0.8313) were recruited as per the inclusion criteria. Patients were segregated on the behalf of therapy they were using. 22 patients were on Losartan+HCTZ therapy and 8 patients were on Atenolol therapy.

Result: After six month of antihypertensive therapy Atenolol group showing a significant difference in their blood glucose (0.0014) whereas in Losartan+HCTZ group significant difference was not observed (0.1542). Patients of Atenolol group when compared with patient of Losartan+HCTZ group a significant difference was observed in the serum cholesterol level (0.0290).

Conclusion: We found that the use of β-blocker was independently associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. So increase in blood glucose in the Atenolol group patient revealed a significant association between use of Atenolol therapy and metabolic dysfunction whereas in Losartan+HCTZ group significant increase in blood glucose was not observed and from these we can conclude therapy with Losartan+HCTZ therapy not associated with metabolic dysfunction.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Anuradha Sharma¹*, Vaibhav Walia², Monika Gahlawat^3
1Division of Pharma. Chemistry,² Division of Pharmacology,³ Division of Pharmaceutics,
G.V.M. College of Pharmacy,
Sonepat, Haryana, India
*anusarswat@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes is one of the major life threatening diseases worldwide. These cases are progressing at an incremental rate every year and number of research works is going on to control the disease by targeting its enzymes or proteins. In modern drug designing, molecular docking is routinely used for understanding drug receptor interaction. In the present study molecular docking were performed on a diverse set of N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-L-tyrosine derivatives that demonstrate antidiabetic activity by stimulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- γ. The docking program in Glide dock justifies the correlation between the experimental values and the values derived computationally. Therefore, the dock analysis performed in Glide dock suggests the importance of evaluating the prediction accuracy of scoring functions adopted in various docking program.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Joshi HV*¹, Patel JK², Shah UA¹, Patel Kinjal^1
1Department of QA,
²Department of Pharmaceutics,
Nootan Pharmacy College, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
hirakjoshi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Simple, accurate, precise, reproducible, requiring no prior separation and economical procedures for simultaneous estimation of Linezolid (LIN) and Cefixime (CEF) in tablet dosage form have been developed. The method is simultaneous equation method; in this method 257.0 nm and 288.0 nm were selected respectively for LIN and CEF to measure the absorbance of both the drugs at mentioned wavelengths. Both the drugs show linearity at 10-50 μg/mL, the range was selected by studying their ratio present in combined formulation. Recovery studies range from >99.35% for CEF and >99.23% for LIN in mentioned analytical method i.e. simultaneous equation method. The proposed methods are recommended for routine analysis since it is rapid, simple, accurate and also sensitive and specific (no heating and no organic solvent extraction is required).

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Jadhav Santosh*, Mali Audumbar, Pawar Seemarani, Kharat Rekha, Tamboli Ashpak
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade,
Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
*jadhavsan88@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
A simple, precise and accurate difference spectroscopic method has been developed for the estimation of Acebutolol Hydrochloride in bulk drug form by difference spectrophotometric method. Acebutolol Hydrochloride has exhibited maximum absorbance at about 233nm and 234nm in acidic and basic solution respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-10 µg/ml in both the cases. The regression of coefficient was found to be r²=0.9992. The LOD and LOQ value were found to be 0.2670ppm and 0.8091ppm respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of Acebutolol Hydrochloride in bulk drug. As per ICH guidelines the result of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory.