Review Articles

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Nidha Amir*, Mohd Mazhar, Abhinav Sawhney, S.K Rajput
Department of Pharmacology
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh-201313, India
nidha.amir05@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Fluorine, the 13th most abundant element of the earth’s crust, represents about 0.3g / kg of earth’s crust. It occurs mainly in the form of chemical compounds such as sodium fluoride or hydrogen fluoride, which are present in minerals fluorospar, fluorapatite, topaz and cryolitect. Fluoride is frequently encountered in minerals and in geochemical deposits and is generally released into subsoil water sources by slow natural degradation of fluorine contained in rocks. Fluoride being a natural element has several effects on health. Fluoride is beneficial to health if the concentration (CF) of the fluoride ion (F-) in drinking water is less than 1.5 mg/L (WHO 1994). A higher concentration causes serious health hazards. The disease caused manifests itself in three forms, namely, dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal fluorosis. On a large scale, it is used in dental product due to its anti- sensitizing property and abrasive action. Application of fluoride must be controlled and restricted to reduce the side effect induced by it.

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ABOUT AUTHOR:
Mohammad Asif
Department of Pharmacy, GRD(PG) Institute of Management & Technology,
Dehradun, (Uttarakhand), 248009, India
aasif321@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The reappearance of tuberculosis and the rush of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have reaffirmed tuberculosis as a key public health concern. Describe findings on the pharmacological status of Benzothiazinones as new agents that are being developed as antitubercular drugs. Benzothiazinones act by targeting the enzymes responsible for the formation of arabinans that are essential parts of the cell wall. In view of their novel mechanism of action, these drugs appear promising as anti-TB drugs and considered to be promising candidates for future development.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Jadhav Santosh¹*, Mali Audumbar¹, Tamboli Ashpak²
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India¹.
Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade, Sangola-413307, Solapur, Maharashtra, India².
jadhavsan88@gmail.com*

ABSTRACT
Since the current Ebola Virus Disease (also referred to as Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever) outbreak began in Guinea in December of 2013, the outbreak now involves trans-mission in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a zoonosis affecting both human and non-human primates (NHP). Ebola virus (formerly officially designated Zaire Ebolavirus, or EBOV) was first seen infecting humans in African continent; especially  Sudan, Democratic Republican of Congo, Zaire and nearby countries. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that this is the largest Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak ever recorded. EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate ofup to 90%. The research is on-going on development of making vaccine to curb this virus yet licensed success or specific treatment is not achieved.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
S.Ramyasilpa
Department of pharmacology,
Nargund college of pharmacy, Bengaluru
shilpasankarapu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Dyslexia is a specific reading disorder. It is common childhood disorder affecting around 5% of school aged children. The main deficits of dyslexia include inability to process sensory input (i.e., acoustic information) that comes into the nervous system rapidly, and an impaired reading ability. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. The dyslexia is associated with alteration of several biological levels like genetic, biochemical, physiological, cognitive levels.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Mazhar M¹, Ansari. A², Rajput SK^1*
1Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201313.
²Department of Social Work, University Road, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007.
*skrajput95@amity.edu

ABSTRACT
In lieu of the fact that without adequate supervision, the assurance of quality of any system is not possible; clinical pharmacy has emerged as one of the latest and unmapped discipline of pharmacy in the 21^st century. The existence of clinical pharmacists in medical rounds could support physicians in optimizing pharmacotherapy. This novel profession in India extends its diversions to good manufacturing practices, procurement/preparation/distribution of medication, reporting ADRs/ ADEs and on the whole to a very promising aspect of patient healthcare service. The state of clinical pharmacy in India is in the transformational state showing serious positive promising changes in the past couple of years. Even hospitals have started distinguishing the importance of clinical pharmacy and have taken initiatives for making it possible although at a budding stage. The clinical pharmacy branch of pharmacy is surely attaining new heights in regard to patient care services which have certainly increased the services and satisfaction to the patients.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Abhinav Sawhney*, Nidha Amir, Mohd Mazhar, Sumeet Gullaiya, Satyendra K Rajput
Department of Pharmacology,
Amity institute of Pharmacy, Amity University,
Noida, Uttar Pradesh
abhinavsawhney@live.com

ABSTRACT:
Obesity has emerged as a major health issues for pediatric population as well as in adults in the present global scenario. In children, numerous studies have reveiled a relationship between the breast feeding and obesity in children. Apart from these, Family economic and education level, child meal pattern, duration of sleep and birth weight are also responsible for obesity. Some genetic problems including environmental and socio-economic factors are also responsible for the child obesity. Several studies have shown an evidence of protective effect of breast feeding against obesity while some shows a time dependent effect of breast feeding on childhood obesity. As per WHO recommendations, a child should be exclusively breast fed upto 6 months and breast fed along with the complementary food of good quality.  Introduction of the complementary food has a relationship bound with adipose rebound, which goes upto the age of 14. The intake of complementary food reduces the intake of breast milk and also induces the allergic reactions in the child. Apart from these leptin level and energy regulation in the body also plays and important role in pediatric obesity.

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ABOUT AUTHORS:
Jadhav Santosh*, Mali Audumbar, Bathe Ritesh, Tamboli Ashpak, Sawale Jyotiram
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sahyadri College of Pharmacy, Methwade,
Sangola, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
*jadhavsan88@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
This article covers fundamental basics of quality complaint.Complaints show customer dissatisfaction about the quality of a pharmaceutical Product. Complaints may be about: Services, delivery, quality of product, communication, response time, documentation, billing, follow up etc. a good complaint handling system gives the company an opportunity to improve the quality of their products, being a good tool for the maintenance of Good Manufacturing Practices. A systematic procedure must be developed and implemented in order to register and investigate each complaint received and not only the Quality Assurance area must be involved. Systematic handling of complaints maintains a good relationship between customer and company. Thus the aim of this article is to discuss the main steps of a good complaint handling procedure that can be readily implemented in pharmaceutical companies.

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ABOUT AUHTORS:
Suresh Rewar¹*, Bansal BK¹, Singh CJ², Sharma AK^2
1Department of pharmaceutics, Arya College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
²Department Of Pharmacology, Arya College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
sureshrewar1990@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems are gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right site of action, right time and right amount, as per the pathophysiological needs of the diseases. These systems are basically time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the system controls the lag time independent of environmental factors like pH, enzymes, GIT motility, etc. These systems are designed for chronopharmacotherapy which is based on the circadian rhythm of the body. The effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time associated with 24 hr. rhythms of biochemical, physiological and behavioral processes under the control of circadian clock. The chronobiology of the various common 24-hour BP profiles seen in hypertensive patients in relation to cardiovascular risk and end-organ injury and ultimately the control and normalization of abnormal BP throughout daytime activity and night time sleep. Chronopharmacotherapy provides a means of individualizing the treatment of hypertension according to the circadian BP profile of each patient, and constitutes a new option to optimize BP control and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Various latest and upcoming marketed technologies of Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery used in treatment of hypertension diseases like OROS^®, CODAS^®, CEFORM^®, DIFFUCAPS^®, PULSINCAP^® etc.