Biotechnology Articles

EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE TO PERSONALIZED MEDICINE – A PROSPECTIVE admin Sun, 10/13/2013 - 19:32
About Author:
Pritish Dash
Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB)
Bangalore, India
pr4evr@gmail.com

Abstract:
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the process of systematically reviewing, appraising and using clinical research findings to aid the delivery of optimum clinical care to patients. It is a method of healthcare decision-making that intends to combine the most reliable scientific information with individual expertise and patient preferences in order to offer the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic option for the patient. On the other hand, pharmacogenomics is a whole genome application that examines the single gene interactions with drugs. In recent years, the term personalized medicine has been introduced to represent an approach considering differences among individual patients. In modern medicine, the most important sources of evidence are clinical trials using epidemiological methods, and molecular biological and genetic methods characterizing individual patients.
This paper tries to review the rapid transformation of modern medicine from the ‘evidence-based medicine’ to ‘personalized and genomic medicine’.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACIDS IN TRYPSIN AND RAT TONIN admin Thu, 07/25/2013 - 16:07
About Authors:
Emanual Michael Patelia*, Rakesh Thakur, Jayesh Patel
Department of Pharmaceutical analysis and chemistry (Gujarat technical university)
Department of Pharmacology (University of Bedfordshire)
ricky.emanual@gmail.com

Abstract:
Amino acid sequence comparisons have several distinct advantages over nucleotide sequence comparisons, which, at least potentially, lead to a much greater sensitivity. Firstly, because there are 20 amino acids but only four bases, an amino acid match carries with it >4 bits of information as opposed to only two bits for a nucleotide match. Thus, statistical significance can be ascertained for much shorter sequences in protein comparisons than in nucleotide comparisons. Secondly, because of the redundancy of the genetic code, nearly one-third of the bases in coding regions are under a weak (if any) selective pressure and represent noise, which adversely affects the sensitivity of the searches. Thirdly, nucleotide sequence databases are much larger than protein databases because of the vast amounts of non-coding sequences coming out of eukaryotic genome projects, and this further lowers the search sensitivity.
SINGLE CELL PROTEIN AND BAKER’S YEAST admin Tue, 07/09/2013 - 16:57
ABOUT AUTHOR:
Rajesh G. Dobariya
shree M.&N. Virani Science College,
Rajkot
drajesh47@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Single cell protein typically refers to source of mixed protein extracted from pure or mixed culture of algae, yeast, fungi or bacteria. The microbes which are used for single cell protein production must be non-pathogenic to plants, animals and man. Good nutritional value, easily and cheaply produced on scale, toxin free, fast growing, easily to separate from the medium and to dry. They have many silent feature. Biomass production is ordinarily carried out in continuous mode to maximize yields and economic scale. The raw material of this process is very cheap because we used molasses, whey, gas, oil etc. For a substrate. So SCP is waste to best. The molasses and various salts including ammonium and phosphate salt contain of the baker’s yeast. The yeast are used for the production of SCP. The baker’s yeast is useful to as and they create disadvantages also the SCP and baker’s yeast very useful for organism.
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW admin Thu, 06/27/2013 - 16:28
ABOUT AUTHOR:
Muhammad Mujahed
M.Sc Biotechnology
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Vishnupuri , Nanded.
mujubiotech2011@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION:
A few decades ago, it was realized that certain proteins could be used as pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of human diseases. e.g. insulin for diabetes mellitus, interferon for viral diseases. However the availability of such therapeutic/ pharmaceutical products was limited due to costly and cumbersome procedures involved in their isolation. Further, their use in humans was associated with several complications. For instance, administration of pig insulin to diabetic patients results in the development of antibodies.

The advent of recombinant DNA technology heralded a new chapter for the production of a wide range of therapeutic agents in sufficient quantities for human use. The commercial exploitation of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology began in late 1970s by biotechnological companies to produce proteins.There are around 400 different proteins being produced by rDNAtechnologyand as of now around 30 have been approved for human use.
PREPARATION OF ANTI HUMAN IgG – HRP CONJUGATE BY WESTERN BLOT TECHNIQUE admin Wed, 05/22/2013 - 10:32
About Authors^*1M Prasad Naidu, ²T Madhu Chaithanya, ³N Mallikarjun Rao, ⁴Muneer Bhanu , ⁵Dr Madhu Sudan Reddy
¹Medical Biochemistry, NMCH
²Medical Pharmacology, NMCH
³Biochemistry, NMCH
⁴Biotechnology, NMCH
⁵MD Pharmacolgy, NMCH
*www.prasadnaidu.com@gmail.com

Introduction
Conjugation of enzymes to antibodies involves the formation of a stable, covalent linkage between an enzyme [e.g., horseradish peroxidase (HRPO), urease, or alkaline phosphatase] and an antigen-specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody in which neither the antigen-combining site nor the active site of the enzyme is functionally altered. The chemistry of cross-linking HRPO or urease to immunoaffinity purified monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies (IgG) is presented in. The chemistry of cross-linking alkaline phosphatase to antibodies is presented in. The enzyme most commonly used in the immunoreagent (the antibody enzyme conjugate) preparation is horseradish peroxides. This enzyme is cheap and can be attached to the immunoreagent by a variety of methods. Moreover many chromogenic substrates for it are also available.
28 April 2013

IN SILICO DRUG DOCKING OF PHYTO INHIBITORS AGAINST TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

ABOUT AUTHORS:
Pramod Shinde, Vijay s. Savakare
Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College,
Matunga, Mumbai-19, India.
vssavakare@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a major public health concern. The parasite lacks a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), making glycolysis its sole energy source. One such enzyme is triose phosphate isomerase. This catalyses the isomerization of D-Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to dihydroxy acetone phosphate. An attempt was made to identify the potential phyto inhibitors and inhibit the enzyme as well as to modify their side chain to impure the binding efficiently. Here, two datasets are made such as training set and testing set,in which first, is training set, contain 20 known inhibitors against Triosephosphate Isomerase and second is testing set which contain 7 phyto-inhibitors to be tested. Autodock Vina, a docking tool, is used for molecular docking that utilizes information on conformational variability from ensembles of experimental receptor structure ofTriosephosphate Isomerase. We show that experimentally determined binding orientations and computed energies of known Ligands can be reproduced accurately. It was reported that the presence of phosphate groups in a ligand confers better stable docking.
28 March 2013

REVIEW: PROCESS VALIDATION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

ABOUT AUTHORS
Abhijeet Welankiwar*, Sushant Tope
Govt. college of Pharmacy Kathora naka
Amravati (Maharashtra) 444604.
*abhi123welankiwar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The validation is a Fundamental segment that supports to a commitment of company towards quality assurance. It also assures that product meets its predetermined quality specification and quality characteristics. Validation of individual step of manufacturing is called as process validation. This Article concerns with the validation of biotechnological process. It is generally complex than validation of traditional synthetic or naturally occurring small molecules of drugs. Its level of complexity depends upon type of biotechnological products. The validation of biotechnological process has 3 Basic aspects they are Risk factors that are needed to be addressed, analytical tools necessary for validation and validation of unit operations.
18 March 2013

DISCUSSION ON BIOREMEDIATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS:AN OVERVIEW

About Authors:
Lohithasu Duppala^*1, Madhu priya Damuluri,¹ Anilkumar vadda²
¹GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India-530045.
²AVANTHI Institute of pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacology, visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh,India-530045.
*lohithasupharma@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The environmental biotechnology employs the application of genetic engineering to improve the efficiency and cost which is essential to the future wide spread exploitation of microorganisms to reduce the environmental burden of toxic substances. Now a days it can be achieved by bioremediation, is the process by using microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants and organic substances. It may be employed to attack specific soil contaminants, such as degradation chlorinated hydrocarbons by bacteria.
19 February 2013

AN OVERVIEW ON DNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY

About Author:
Krishna Bhatt
Department of Pharmacy, B.N. Girls’ College of Pharmacy,
(Udaipur, INDIA.)
krishna30.bhatt@yahoo.com

Abstract:
The vast amount of information available through the human genome project is going to have a major impact on medical science. However, the mere sequence information of the whole genome does not answer all our questions. What is required at this stage is a complete understanding of the function of genes and other parts of the genome so as to uncover how sets of genes and their products work together in normal and diseased conditions. One major requirement for these studies is the development of high-throughput technologies. DNA microarrays are some of the most powerful and versatile tools available, and there are several applications of microarray technology e.g. cancer.
18 January 2013

Biosensor for HIV Diagnosis at All Stages of Infection- A Nano Idea

About Authors:
Dhanya V C
Kasturba medical college, Manipal University
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
dhanya285@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION:
A biosensor is a device that uses specific biochemical reactions mediated by isolated enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles or whole cells to detect chemical compounds usually by electrical, thermal or optical signals (1). Or in other words, Sensor that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analyte which is then conveyed to a detector.