About Authors:
G.Amrutha
Microbiologist in Department Of Microbiology
Institute Of Health Systems (HIS), Hyderabad.
Osmania University
Abstract
Transplantation is the process of removal of damaged tissue or organ and replacing with new well functioning tissue or organ of same or different individual. The groundwork for the new science of transplantation immunology was laid by Medawar and other British biologists in the 1940s. They showed that rejection of tissue transferred from one person or animal to another was invariable, except for grafts between identical twins or a few special cases (e.g. cornea). In the 1950s they further showed that this tissue rejection was a response of the immune system. Other scientists who worked for transplantation are Karl Landsteiner, Dr. Eduard Zirm, Dr. Alexis Carrel, Peter Gorer, Little and Tyzzer, George Snell, Dr. Joseph Murray etc..,Different types of organs like heart,skin,kidney,liver,cornea etc.., can be transplanted. Antigens which cause strong immune response and are most important in rejection of organs and tissues are called MHC antigens which play main role in transplantation. There are mainly 4 types of grafts. They are Autograft,Isograft,Allograft and Xenograft. The rejection may be acute and chronic and the mechanism of graft rejection is of mainly 2 types. They are sensitization stage and effector stage. Finally, the graft survival can be done by mitotic inhibitors, immune suppressive therapy etc..,
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